{"id":8782,"date":"2022-05-09T15:42:37","date_gmt":"2022-05-09T15:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.froginawell.net\/frog\/?p=8782"},"modified":"2022-05-09T15:42:37","modified_gmt":"2022-05-09T15:42:37","slug":"teaching-the-death-of-mao-zedong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/2022\/05\/teaching-the-death-of-mao-zedong\/","title":{"rendered":"Teaching the death of Mao Zedong"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>If you ever have to teach about the end of Maoism, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ai_Qing\">Ai Qing<\/a>&#8216;s poem &#8220;On the Crest of a Wave&#8221; is a good thing to use. Ai was one of China&#8217;s best known modern poets, who was arrested and tortured by the GMD, (which is why he changed his surname from <span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u848b<\/span> to <span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u827e<\/span>) then wrote poetry in service of the war effort, then moved to Yan&#8217;an. He was purged in the 1957 Anti-Rightist Movement and spent the Cultural Revolution cleaning toilets. He was rehabilitated in 1979, and in 1985 French president <a title=\"Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand\">Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand<\/a> was made a Commander of the <a title=\"Ordre des Arts et des Lettres\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ordre_des_Arts_et_des_Lettres\">Order of Arts and Letters<\/a>. Quite the career. He also had an interesting son, who&#8217;s work you can use later in the class.<\/p>\n<p>This poem is good to use because it gives you the fervor of the CR, lots of campaign type language, the disgust with the results, and the continued loyalty to the party and the revolution. (Now with Zhou Enlai!). You would have to do a bit of background with them on the first <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1976_Tiananmen_Incident\">Tiananmen Incident<\/a> and the Fall of the Gang of Four, but the poem itself should not present huge problems.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>On the Crest of a Wave<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Written for Han Zhixiong and young friends<br \/>\nof his generation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>I. &#8220;I Am Only Han Zhixiong&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\nLet me introduce you to the others:<br \/>\n&#8220;This is a hero.&#8221;<br \/>\nYou laugh and protest:<br \/>\n&#8220;No hero. I&#8217;m only Han Zhixiong.&#8221;<sup id=\"rf1-8782\"><a href=\"#fn1-8782\" title=\" There is a pun in Chinese impossible to preserve in English. The Chinese for &#8220;hero&#8221; is yingxiong; Han&#8217;s name is Zhixiong, which means &#8220;will-to-be-a-hero&#8221; &#8211; Ed. \" rel=\"footnote\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>A self-seeking hero might prove embarrassing,<br \/>\nThe people paid you their most glorious compliment &#8211;<br \/>\nStill, you could, quite without embarrassment,<br \/>\nConsider yourself the hero of &#8220;The Tiananmen Incident&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>When the wolves bared their teeth, flashed their claws,<br \/>\nRight away, you dared to go up and pluck their whiskers,<br \/>\nYou were brave in the fight,<br \/>\nEnough to bolster the pride of a generation!<\/p>\n<p>And you were clear-headed,<br \/>\nLike an island steadfast against wind and wave,<br \/>\nUnder the blue dome of the sky,<br \/>\nSilently watching ten thousand waves &#8230;.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. What Kind of Fight Is This?<\/strong><br \/>\nIt&#8217;s almost no fight at all,<br \/>\nYet everyone brandishes knives and guns,<br \/>\nClaiming they are &#8220;Probing to the Very Soul&#8221;,<sup id=\"rf2-8782\"><a href=\"#fn2-8782\" title=\" A slogan coined by Lin Biao, which provided the pretext for repeated acts of extortion and forced confession &#8211; Ed. \" rel=\"footnote\">2<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\nInflicting deaths by the millions;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Understand, and then execute;<br \/>\nYou don&#8217;t understand; you must still execute.&#8221;<br \/>\nOne hundred percent lies,<br \/>\nOut-and-out deceits;<\/p>\n<p>The most ruthless oppressions,<br \/>\nThe most outrageous monopolies;<br \/>\nMore absurd than religion,<br \/>\nMore treacherous than assassination;<\/p>\n<p>Some say: &#8220;Attack with culture, defend with arms !&#8221;2<sup id=\"rf3-8782\"><a href=\"#fn3-8782\" title=\"\u00a0 A slogan coined by the Gang of Four, which in time became the rationale for all sorts of verbal as well as physical a buses &#8211; Ed.\" rel=\"footnote\">3<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\nSome say: &#8220;Light the fires, burn down the wilderness !&#8221;3<sup id=\"rf4-8782\"><a href=\"#fn4-8782\" title=\" This slogan was directed particularly at the People&#8217;s Army, which Jiang Qing wanted to destroy because it would not follow her mandate &#8211; Ed. \" rel=\"footnote\">4<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\nOne side yells : &#8220;Down with law and order!&#8221;<br \/>\nOne side urges: &#8220;Attack! Plunder! Loot!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>They announce: &#8220;Limit the Rights of the Bourgeoisie!&#8221;<br \/>\nThey confiscate property by &#8220;Ransacking People&#8217;s Homes&#8221;;<br \/>\nBehind the smokescreen of &#8220;Down with Restoration&#8221;<br \/>\nThey carry out their deranged pi1laging.<\/p>\n<p>Reason is strangled by instinct,<br \/>\nPresumptions hoodwink the people;<br \/>\nCunning shows off by flexing its muscles,<br \/>\nAgainst uprightness, false witness is sworn;<\/p>\n<p>Savage hearts puff up) in the dark of night,<br \/>\nLusts of the flesh grow along with power,<br \/>\nSelf-interest and conceit compete,<br \/>\nConscience is put up for auction;<\/p>\n<p>The bright become the cunning,<br \/>\nThe honest turn into dullards;<br \/>\nUnchecked, rumor runs rampant,<br \/>\nWhile truth gets the third degree.<\/p>\n<p>Is destruction the means<br \/>\nOr is destruction the end? &#8211;<br \/>\nAs if someone were playing tricks,<br \/>\nSomeone were putting on a carnival;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Anti-Lin Biao, Anti-Confucius, Anti-Premier Zhou!&#8221;<br \/>\n&#8220;Down with Rightist-Deviationists Overturnrng of Correct Decisions!&#8221;<br \/>\nWhoever has authority must be toppled,<br \/>\nAnd contemptible clowns show supernatural powers;<\/p>\n<p>Justice, trussed up, is put on public display,<br \/>\nTruth is exhibited, with blindfolds on,<br \/>\nEven the Commander-in-Chief is not spared trumped-up<br \/>\ncharges,<br \/>\nAnd the Premier, already dead, is falsely accused.<\/p>\n<p>From the age of ten to the age of twenty &#8211;<br \/>\nThe ten years of the Cultural Revolution &#8211;<br \/>\nHan Zhixiong was swept up by great wind and wave<br \/>\nInto the year 1976.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. A Day of Tragedy<\/strong><br \/>\nBeloved Premier Zhou<br \/>\nYou have bid your farewells &#8211;<br \/>\nBut the enemies hadn&#8217;t expected<br \/>\nYou would stir a grief so widespread.<\/p>\n<p>The world has never seen one man<br \/>\nThe recipient of so many poems;<br \/>\nThere has never been a man in history<br \/>\nWho has received so many flower-wreaths!<\/p>\n<p>A mountain of flowers, an ocean of flowers,<br \/>\nAn ocean of poems, an ocean of tears,<br \/>\nA limitless, vast and awesome tide,<br \/>\nA tumultuous outpouring of the people&#8217;s grief &#8230;\u2022<\/p>\n<p>How many treacherous schemes,<br \/>\nHow many rumors, how many slanders,<br \/>\nHow many frame-ups, how many false witnesses?<br \/>\nNone of them could soil his image;<\/p>\n<p>He is an immense, massive mountain &#8211;<br \/>\nThe enemies find him hard to overcome;<br \/>\nHis loftiness brings out their lowliness;<br \/>\nHis radiance pierces right through their hearts;<\/p>\n<p>The enemies won&#8217;t let the people wear black veils,<br \/>\nThe enemies forbid the people from sending wreaths,<br \/>\nThe enemies crumple the lotus flowers,<br \/>\nThe enemies trample down the noble orchids;<\/p>\n<p>Still, the mountains far away,<br \/>\nThe trees in front of the window,<br \/>\nThe clear spring by the roadside,<br \/>\nAll remind people of Premier Zhou;<\/p>\n<p>Premier Zhou is like the air,<br \/>\nLike sunlight, like water,<br \/>\nIt&#8217;s as if he were everywhere,<br \/>\nNo one gets very far from him;<\/p>\n<p>The Premier belongs to everyone,<br \/>\nThe air belongs to everyone,<br \/>\nThe sunlight belongs to everyone,<br \/>\nThe earth belongs to everyone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. The Qingming Festival, <\/strong><strong>1976 <\/strong><sup id=\"rf5-8782\"><a href=\"#fn5-8782\" title=\" 1 One of the 24 solar periods of the year, which fell on April 5th in 1976, a festival on which people traditionally sweep the graves of their ancestors &#8211; Ed. \" rel=\"footnote\">5<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\nThere has never been a Qingming Festival<br \/>\nLike the Qingming Festival of 1976 , with so many tears,<\/p>\n<p>When he was a alive, no one was more selfless,<br \/>\nThe devotion of the people never more steadfast.<\/p>\n<p>Han Zhixiong, in front of Tiananmen &#8211;<br \/>\nListened to the poems being recited day after day<br \/>\nFelt a sorrow so deep tears never ceased to flow,<br \/>\nFelt a fury that scorched dry his tears;<\/p>\n<p>A million verses,<br \/>\nA million torches,<br \/>\nOne torch lighting up yet another torch,<br \/>\nShining into the early spring night;<\/p>\n<p>In order to protect the truth,<br \/>\nOne must join the battle &#8211;<br \/>\nWhere thoughts are banners,<br \/>\nAnd words are bullets;<\/p>\n<p>The poems that Han Zhixiong wrote<br \/>\nWere pasted on the east face of the Heroes&#8217; Monument<br \/>\nLike the flames of a torch, &#8216;<br \/>\nLike the shimmer of a swift sword;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;History has its memorial tablets,<br \/>\nHistory has its scaffold for villains,<br \/>\nHistory is a judge,<br \/>\nHistory takes the people&#8217;s loyal ministers<br \/>\nAnd pays its respects on a memorial plaque &#8211;<br \/>\nto remain forever in memory,<br \/>\nHistory takes the people&#8217;s evil ministers<br \/>\nAnd shoves them up the scaffold &#8211; and executes them<br \/>\nin wrath!<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;..<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;<br \/>\nHow does history tolerate these poisonous traitors?<br \/>\nThe people pluck out the peacock feathers on these black<br \/>\ncrows,<br \/>\nAnd tear off their outer vestments of Marxism and Leninism.<br \/>\nIn front of the Heroes&#8217; Monument,<br \/>\nIn the midst of the people shouting,<br \/>\nThe sentence on them was passed without pity &#8211;<br \/>\nOn a handful, on the dregs of the Chinese people!<br \/>\nHistory&#8217;s Heroes&#8217; Monument is bequeathed forever,<br \/>\nReaching out to the heavens from this earth;<br \/>\nIt blares out in brave, stentorian tones : &#8216;<br \/>\n&#8216;If the devils spew forth noxious fumes,<br \/>\nThen the people will seize the wicked, and lay the<br \/>\ndevils low.&#8217;<br \/>\n&#8230; . . .. &#8230;&#8230;<br \/>\n. . &#8230;&#8230;&#8230; .<br \/>\nOn the tablet, the Premier shows his spirit,<br \/>\nCalled forth numberless masses to expel the villains.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Listen, Han Zhixiong&#8217;s poem,<br \/>\nSplits the heavens like the sound of thunder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. &#8220;I&#8217;d Rather Rot in Jail a Thousand Years!&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\nThis young worker was arrested,<br \/>\nRio-ht in front of the portrait of Lenin,<br \/>\nT;o days before the Qingming Festival &#8211;<br \/>\nAt twelve, midnight.<\/p>\n<p>He was shoved into prison<br \/>\nAnd immediately stripped naked of his clothes,<br \/>\nRepeatedly pummeled and kicked,<br \/>\nHe was then whipped all about his face and chest!<\/p>\n<p>Those who interrogated him, were they countrymen?<br \/>\nThey bound him up in &#8220;Maximum Security&#8221; to make him<br \/>\nconfess:<br \/>\n&#8220;Why was he mourning for Premier Zhou?<br \/>\nWhy was he supporting Deng Xiaoping?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>There was in this another kind of &#8220;law&#8221;,<br \/>\nRevolution was turned into &#8220;Counter-revolution&#8221;,<br \/>\nPatriots were converted into &#8220;criminals&#8221;,<br \/>\nAll to carry out the orders of the &#8220;Empress&#8221;;<\/p>\n<p>Listen! What kind of language do they speak?<br \/>\n&#8220;This bureau is the guardian of law and order,<br \/>\nWhere counter-revolutionaries are crushed,<br \/>\nHow does one get out? Wishful thinking! Don&#8217;t talk<br \/>\nnonsense!&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Han Zhixiong responded, steadfast and firm:<br \/>\n&#8220;I&#8217;d rather rot in prison a thousand years!&#8221;<br \/>\nIt was as if he had fallen into the Middle Ages,<br \/>\nAnd was awaiting trial by the Inquisition!<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. &#8220;The Tiananmen Incident&#8221;<\/strong><br \/>\nThe people&#8217;s Premier is dead,<br \/>\nWhy aren&#8217;t they aIIowed to mourn him?<br \/>\nWhy are the memorial poems ripped away?<br \/>\nWhy are the flower wreaths aII removed?<\/p>\n<p>Why are plainclothesmen sent out<br \/>\nTo stir things up among the masses?<br \/>\nWho sent out lackeys to bark out anti-revolutionary slogans,<br \/>\nSo that the anger of the masses could be diverted?<\/p>\n<p>And who was it, cowering in some dark corner,<br \/>\nSpent their energies plotting &#8220;The Tiananmen Incident&#8221; &#8211;<br \/>\nFlogging a fourteen-year-old boy all the while,<br \/>\nTrying to force a confession of &#8220;arson&#8221; out of him?<\/p>\n<p>And who decided to replay &#8220;The Reichstag Fire&#8221;<sup id=\"rf6-8782\"><a href=\"#fn6-8782\" title=\" The Reichstag Fire&#8221; of 1933 was the fire set to burn down the seat of government in Germany, which Hitler staged and attributed to his enemies so that he could seize the opportunity presented by the crisis and assume control over the government &#8211; Ed. \" rel=\"footnote\">6<\/a><\/sup><br \/>\nIn front of Tiananmen Square?<br \/>\nAnd who downgraded the revolution of the masses<br \/>\nAs just another &#8220;Hungarian Incident&#8221;?<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The Tiananmen Incident&#8221;<br \/>\nSaw a conflict pitting brightness against darkness,<br \/>\nDemocracy against autocracy,<br \/>\nWhere bayonets were crossed between Revolution and<br \/>\nCounter-revolution;<br \/>\n&#8220;The Tiananmen Incident&#8221;<br \/>\nWas a bolt of lightning flashing in the darkest cloud,<br \/>\nLighting up the true face of evil,<br \/>\nOutlining the figures of hatchetmen;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The Tiananmen Incident&#8221;<br \/>\nTolled the deathknell of the Gang of Four,<br \/>\nIt hastened the downfall of the Gang of. Four &#8211;<br \/>\nIt brightened the eyes of the people;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The Tiananmen Incident&#8221;<br \/>\nIs the most brilliant sheaf of poems,<br \/>\nIt&#8217;s the river-fork, where revolutionn and counter-revolution<br \/>\ndivide; . . . .<br \/>\nIt&#8217;s the turning point in Chinese history!<\/p>\n<p><strong>7\u00b7 Revolutionary Fervor Burns Brighter<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>the More It&#8217;s Tempered<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Having undergone eleven months in pitch darkness,<br \/>\nHan Zhixiong once again saw the sun.<br \/>\nEven if his body was riddled with injuries,<br \/>\nHis revolutionary fervor burned the brighter.<\/p>\n<p>Why oh great motherland,<br \/>\nAfter, the &#8220;Three Big Mountains&#8221;<sup id=\"rf7-8782\"><a href=\"#fn7-8782\" title=\" The &#8220;Three Big Mountains&#8221; are associated with the Nationalist government Of Chiang Kai-shek and refer to imperialism, Feudalism and exploitation by the &#8216;compradors&#8217; &#8211; Ed. \" rel=\"footnote\">7<\/a><\/sup> were destroyed,<br \/>\nShould the likes of Lin Biao and the Gang of Four appear?<br \/>\nLeaving wounds that are deep even now.<\/p>\n<p>Where do these vipers come from?<br \/>\nWhat kind of soil nurtures these vermin.<br \/>\nFor those who still survive today,<br \/>\nIs it enough to make them wonder?<\/p>\n<p>The struggle is far from over,<br \/>\nOur eyes have to be burnished bright &#8211;<\/p>\n<p>We must replace superstition with science,<br \/>\nAnd break out of our mental prisons!<br \/>\nWe must never let ourselves be swindled again,<br \/>\nNever let ourselves be cheated again,<br \/>\nWhat we want must be the truth,<br \/>\nWhat we want must be the light of the sun!<\/p>\n<p>We must not rely on the pity of the gods,<br \/>\nNor wait upon the mercy of the heavens,<br \/>\nThe people must protect their own rights,<br \/>\nFor the people&#8217;s rights are the weapons of revolution.<\/p>\n<p>All Government policies must be carried out to the letter,<br \/>\nAll injustices must be redressed,<br \/>\nEven if they have lain dormant for so long,<br \/>\nReputations besmirched must be restored!<\/p>\n<p><strong>8. Fly Bravely Over &#8230;.<\/strong><br \/>\nNow, you young drivers,<br \/>\nDrive your bulldozers,<br \/>\nGet on with the job,<br \/>\nDispose of all the garbage that has piled up &#8211;<\/p>\n<p>Dispose of all the obstacles &#8211;<br \/>\nOf everything that is feudal or fascist,<br \/>\nSuperstitious or corrupt,<br \/>\nAnd clear the ground for the Four Modernizations!<\/p>\n<p>Han Zhixiong underwent trial by fire,<br \/>\nTested by the worst kind of typhoon,<br \/>\nHe was a youth of the era of Mao Zedong,<br \/>\nA sea swallow on the raging crest of a political wave!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">&#8220;Struggle for the benefit of the people&#8221;<br \/>\nThat was his magnificent oath &#8211;<br \/>\nHan Zhixiong soaring up there bravely,<br \/>\nLook, the Party is beckoning to you.<br \/>\nIf someone were to ask:<br \/>\n&#8220;What, in the end, did the Cultural Revolution mean?&#8221;<br \/>\nThe answer would be unmistakably clear:<br \/>\nChina saw a new generation of youth emerge.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>November 16, 1978<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(Translated by Eugene Chen Eoyang)<sup id=\"rf8-8782\"><a href=\"#fn8-8782\" title=\" Ai, Qing, and Eugene Chen. Eoyang. Selected Poems of Ai Qing = [Ai Ch\u02bbing Shih Hsu\u0308an]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. \" rel=\"footnote\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Chinese text (not corrected) I may end up doing a handout version with the two texts together, and if I do I will post it here.<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6d6a\u5c16\u4e0a<br \/>\n\u4f60\u5728\u79bb\u91cc\u6674\u7a7a\u4e0b\uff0c<br \/>\n\u82f9\u9759\u5730\u6ce8\u8131\u7740\u8511\u9877\u6ce2\u6fe1\u2026\uff0e\uff0e\uff0e<br \/>\n391<br \/>\n\u5728<br \/>\n\u6d6a<br \/>\n\u5c16\u4e0a<br \/>\n\u2014\u7ed9\u97d3\u5fd7\u96c4\u548c\u4ed6\u540c\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u5bb5\u5e74\u670b\u53cb<br \/>\n\u3001\u9041\u662f\u4ec0\u78e8\u621f\u4e89<br \/>\n\u4e00\u3001\uff02\u662f\u97d3\u5fd7\u96c4\u201d<br \/>\n\u6211\u628a\u4f60\u4ecb\u7952\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\uff1a<br \/>\n\u201c\u9053\u662f\u4e00\u4f97\u82f1\u96c4\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u4f60\u5374\u7b11\u7740\u5426\u776c\uff1a<br \/>\n\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u82f1\u96c4\uff0c\u662f\u97d3\u5fd7\u96c4\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u662f\u6233\u4e89\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5374\u90fd\u52e4\u7528\u4e86\u5200\u690d<br \/>\n\u8131\u7684\u662f\u201c\u7a20\u53ca\u9707\u9b42\u201d,<br \/>\n\u5374\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u5343\u7bf1\u4eba\u7684\u9521\u4ea1\uff1b<br \/>\n\u201c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8981\u57f6\u884c\uff0c<br \/>\n\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e5f\u8981\u57f6\u884c\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u7684\u865a\u4f82\uff0c<br \/>\n\u64a4\u987d\u64a4\u5c3e\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\uff1b<br \/>\n\u81ea\u5c01\u7684\u201c\u82f1\u96c4\u201c\u5e38\u7136\u53ef\u803b\uff0c<br \/>\n\u4eba\u6c11\u7ed9\u7684\u7a3b\u8662\u6700\u5149\u8363\u4e00\u2014<br \/>\n\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e38\u4e4b\u718a\u6127\u7684<br \/>\n\u662f\u201c\u5929\u5b89\u963f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u201d\u7684\u82f1\u96c4\u3002<br \/>\n\u6700\u6b8b\u9177\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c<br \/>\n\u6700\u5927\u77bb\u7684\u6574\u65ad\uff0c<br \/>\n\u6bd4\u5b97\u6559\u66f4\u8352\u5510\uff0c<br \/>\n\u6bd4\u7252\u7813\u66f4\u9664\u5282<br \/>\n\u8c79\u72fc\u5f20\u7259\u821e\u722a\u7684\u6647\u5019<br \/>\n\u5c45\u7136\u6562\u4e0a\u53bb\u62d4\u6bdb\uff0c<br \/>\n\u4f60\u5728\u963f\u4e89\u4e2d\u7684\u52c7\u6562<br \/>\n\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u9a84\u50b2\uff01<br \/>\n\u4e00\u904f\u8131\uff1a \u201c\u6587\u653b\u6b66\u8854\u201d,<br \/>\n\u4e00\u904f\u8131\uff1a \u201c\u653e\u706b\u70e7\u8352\u201d,<br \/>\n\u4e00\u904f\u558a\uff1a \u201c\u7838\u71ed\u516c\u6867\u6cd5\u201d,<br \/>\n\u4e00\u904f\u717d\u52e4\uff1a \u201c\u6253\u7838\u62fe\u201c,<br \/>\n\u800c\u4f60\u662f\u6e05\u9192\u7684<br \/>\n\u50cf\u5927\u867d\u5927\u6d6a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4f97\u5c9b\uff0c<br \/>\n390<br \/>\n\u8138\u7684\u662f\u201c\u9650\u5236\u8d44\u7275\u968e\u7810\u6cd5\u704c\u201d\u00b7<br \/>\n\u4fb5\u541e\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6284\u5bb6\u7269\u8d44\uff07\uff07\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5728\u6d6a\u5c16\u4e0a\u90b83<br \/>\n392 \u5728\u6d6a\u5c16\u4e0a<br \/>\n\u5728\u201c\u53cd\u4fca\u95ee\u201d\u7684\u6e6e\u5e55\u88f9<br \/>\n\u6b63\u7fb2\u88ab\u6886\u7740\u793a\u683e\uff0c<br \/>\n\u8fe4\u884c\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u63a0\u5f2f\uff1b<br \/>\n\u614e\u7406\u88ab\u8499\u4e0a\u773c\u775b\uff0c<br \/>\n\u9074\u5143\u7712\u4e5f\u88ab\u9677\u5bb3\uff0c<br \/>\n\u7406\u6027\u88ab\u672c\u80fd\u627c\u8ed7\uff0c<br \/>\n\u61a9\u7406\u4e5f\u6b7b\u800c\u542b\u51a4\u3002<br \/>\n\u7528\u6b66\u65ad\u86ca\u60d1\u4eba\u5fc3\uff1b<br \/>\n\u5978\u6628\u7684\u8000\u6b66\u62d0\u5a01\uff0c \u5f99\u5341\u6563\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u8dcb\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5fe0\u8a66\u7684\u53d7\u5230\u80da\u9677\uff0c \u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5341\u5e74\uff0c<br \/>\n\u97d3\u5fd7\u96c4\u88ab\u5927\u532a\u5927\u6d6a\uff0c<br \/>\n\u91ce\u5fc3\u5728\u9ed1\u591c\u767b\u9175\uff0c \u9001\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u516d\u5e74\u3002<br \/>\n\u6084\u617e\u968f\u64e2\u529b\u589e\u754f\uff1b<br \/>\n\u81ea\u79c1\u5178\u72c2\u5984\u8d5b\u8dd1\uff0c \u4e09\u3001\u60b2\u54c0\u7684\u65e5\u5b50<br \/>\n\u826f\u5fc3\u8d70\u8fe4\u62cd\u8d3e\u884c\uff1b<br \/>\n\u656c\u7231\u7684\u5468\u61a9\u7406<br \/>\n\u8058\u660e\u7684\u71ee\u72e1\u733e\uff0c \u548c\u6211\u4eec\u544a\u522b\u4e86\uff0d\uff0d<br \/>\n\u8001\u5bc5\u7684\u5914\u50bb\u74dc\uff0c \u655e\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u60f3\u5230<br \/>\n\u6447\u8a00\u901a\u884c\u718a\u963b\uff0c \u4fde\u6fc0\u8d77\u9053\u55df\u5927\u7684\u54c0\u60bc\uff1a<br \/>\n\u614e\u62ec\u5012\u8981\u8ffd\u67e5\uff1b<br \/>\n\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4f97\u4eba<br \/>\n\u4e0d\u77e5\u4ee5\u7834\u58e4\u7b2c\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c \u5f97\u5230\u904f\u9053\u55df\u591a\u6301\u7bc7\uff1b<br \/>\n\u9060\u662f\u4ee5\u7834\u58e4\u7b2c\u76ee\u7684\u2014\u4e00\u819b\u53f2\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4f97\u4eba<br \/>\n\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u73a9\u9b54\u8854\uff0c \u5f97\u5230\u904f\u901c\u5ea7\u591a\u82b1\u5708\uff01<br \/>\n\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u6f14\u96d2\u6280\uff0c<br \/>\n\u82b1\u7684\u5c71\u3001\u82b1\u7684\u6d77\u3001<br \/>\n\u201c\u6279\u6797\u6279\u5b54\u6279\u5468\u516c\u201d,<br \/>\n\u201c\u53cd\u5c04\u53f3\u503e\u7ffb\u6848\u8af7\u201d,<br \/>\n\u7279\u7684\u6d77\u3001\u8bef\u7684\u6d77\u3001<br \/>\n\u8ab0\u6709\u5a01\u4fe1\u6253\u5012\u8ab0\uff0c<br \/>\n\u7199\u904f\u6d69\u68ee\u7684\u5927\u6d77<br \/>\n\u8df3\u6a11\u5c0f\u9170\u9890\u7712\u901a\uff0c<br \/>\n\u90d7\u6d8c\u7740\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u60b2\u54c0. . &#8230;.<br \/>\n394 \u5728\u6d6a\u5c16\u4e0a\u5728\u6d6a\u5c16\u4e0a395<br \/>\n\u591a\u5c11\u7684\u9664\u7252\u8dea\u53f6\uff0c \u592a\u9668\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\uff0c<br \/>\n\u591a\u5c11\u7684\u9020\u6447\u6392\u8180\uff0c \u571f\u5730\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u591a\u5c11\u7684\u683d\u773d\u8bec\u9677<br \/>\n\u90fd\u7199\u635f\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u50cf\uff1b \u56db\u3001\u4e19\u8fb0\u6e05\u660e<br \/>\n\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u67b6\u5927\u5c71\u4e00\u4e00\u00b7<br \/>\n\u5f99\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4f97\u6e05\u660e\u7b1d\uff0c<br \/>\n\u655e\u4eba\u96c9\u65bc\u9014\u8d8a\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\uff1b<br \/>\n\u50cf\u4e19\u8fb0\u7684\u6d88\u660e\u7b1d\u6d41\u9053\u5ea7\u591a\u7684\u6dc9\uff0c<br \/>\n\u4ed6\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u9890\u51fa\u4e86\u655e\u4eba\u7684\u5351\u9119\uff1b<br \/>\n\u4ed6\u7684\u5149\u8292\u524c\u75db\u4e86\u655e\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u6726\uff1b<br \/>\n\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u6647\u5019\u8d8a\u7167\u79c1\uff0c<br \/>\n\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u94f6\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6700\u6c38\u6052\uff1b<br \/>\n\u655e\u4eba\u4e0d\u6e96\u4eba\u6c11\u6234\u9ed1\u79d2\uff0c<br \/>\n\u655e\u4eba\u7981\u6b62\u4eba\u6c11\u9001\u82b1\u5708\uff0c \u97d3\u5fd7\u96c4\u5728\u5929\u5b89\u963f\u524d<br \/>\n\u655e\u4eba\u63c9\u788e\u4e86\u9ed1\u8e44\u901f\uff0c \u4e00\u5929\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u8058\u6717\u8e0a\u6301\u7bc7\u4e00\u4e00\u4e00<br \/>\n\u655e\u4eba\u8e29\u7168\u4e86\u541b\u5b50\u523a\uff0c \u60b2\u75db\u6b62\u4e0d\u4f4f\u8bef\u6c34\uff0c<br \/>\n\u6124\u6012\u628a\u6369\u6c34\u70e7\u4e7e\uff1b<br \/>\n\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9060\u865e\u7684\u5c71\uff0c<br \/>\n\u7a97\u524d\u7684\u613f\u5343\u7bf1\u9996\u6301\uff0c<br \/>\n\u8def\u900a\u7684\u6e05\u6cc9\uff0c 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\/>\n\u819b\u53f2\u6709\u65ad\u5996\u53f0\uff0c<br \/>\n\u819b\u53f2\u662f\u88c1\u5224\u5177\uff0c<br \/>\n\u819b\u53f2\u5c06\u628a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5fe0\u81e3<br \/>\n\u5728\u6d6a\u5c16\u4e0a<br \/>\n\u656c\u5728\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u4e0a\u2014\u4e00\u6c38\u9060\u61ca\u5ff5\uff01<br \/>\n\u80eb\u53f2\u4e5f\u5c06\u628a\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5978\u81e3<br \/>\n\u62bc\u4e0a\u65a9\u5996\u53f0\u4e00\u2014\u6012\u65ad\uff01<br \/>\n\u819b\u53f2\u54ea\u5bb9\u9053\u5709\u5996\u9732\u6a2a\u884c\u3002<br \/>\n\u4eba\u6c11\u5c06\u628a\u9053\u4e9b\u6241\u9e26\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684<br \/>\n\u5b54\u96c0\u6bdb\u62d4\u53bb\uff0c<br \/>\n\u6495\u9634\u601d\u5217\u5916\u8863\u3002<br \/>\n\u5728\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u524d\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6012\u543c\u4e2d<br \/>\n\u71d5\u6124\u5730\u5224\u51b3\u4ed6\u4eec\u2014\u4e00<br \/>\n\u4e00\u5c0f\u64ae\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6562\u988a\uff01<br \/>\n\u819b\u53f2\u6c38\u5782\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891<br \/>\n\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5411\u7740\u592a\u7a7a<br \/>\n\u767b\u51fa\u4e86\u96c4\u809a\u9093\u539a\u7684\u6574\u6614\uff1a<br \/>\n\uff40\u5c1a\u82e5\u9b54\u602a\u55b7\u6bd2\u706b\uff0c<br \/>\n\u81ea\u6709\u64d2\u5996\u6253\u9b3c\u4eba\u3002\uff07<br \/>\n\u7891\u4e0a\u61a9\u7406\u9890\u795e\u9707\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5524\u6765\u718a\u6570\u7e47\u5996\u4eba\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u8058\uff0c\u97d3\u5fd7\u96c4\u7684\u6301\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5728\u6d6a\u5c16\u4e0a<br \/>\n\u50cf\u7a96\u64a4\u754f\u7a7a\u7684\u96f7\u6574\u2026&#8230;<br \/>\n\u4e94\u3001\u201c\u6211\u9890\u5750\u7262\u4e00\u5343\u5e74\uff01\u201d<br \/>\n\u9053\u5047\u5bb5\u5e74\u5de5\u4eba\u88ab\u6355\u4e86\uff0c<br \/>\n\u5730\u9ecf\u662f\u5217\u82f9\u50cf\u7684\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c<br \/>\n\u6647\u95f4\u662f\u6e05\u660e\u7b1d\u524d\u4e24\u5929\u4e00<br \/>\n\u591c\u665a\u5341\u4e8c\u8d34\u3002<br \/>\n\u4ed6\u88ab\u63a8\u8fe4\u4e86\u7262\u7199\uff0c<br \/>\n\u9ed1\u4e0a\u88ab\u5265\u5149\u4e86\u8863\u670d\uff0c<br 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\/>\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u767e\u82b1\u4e89\u598d\u7684\u590f\u5929<br \/>\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u91d1\u83dc\u6dcc\u56e1\u7684\u79cb\u5929<br \/>\n\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u96ea\u7c89\u4e58\u7684\u51ac\u5929<br \/>\n403<\/p>\n<hr class=\"footnotes\"><ol class=\"footnotes\" style=\"list-style-type:decimal\"><li id=\"fn1-8782\"><p > There is a pun in Chinese impossible to preserve in English. The Chinese for &#8220;hero&#8221; is yingxiong; Han&#8217;s name is Zhixiong, which means &#8220;will-to-be-a-hero&#8221; &#8211; Ed. &nbsp;<a href=\"#rf1-8782\" class=\"backlink\" title=\"Return to footnote 1.\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p><\/li><li id=\"fn2-8782\"><p > A slogan coined by Lin Biao, which provided the pretext for repeated acts of extortion and forced confession &#8211; Ed. &nbsp;<a href=\"#rf2-8782\" class=\"backlink\" title=\"Return to footnote 2.\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p><\/li><li id=\"fn3-8782\"><p >\u00a0 A slogan coined by the Gang of Four, which in time became the rationale for all sorts of verbal as well as physical a buses &#8211; Ed.&nbsp;<a href=\"#rf3-8782\" class=\"backlink\" title=\"Return to footnote 3.\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p><\/li><li id=\"fn4-8782\"><p > This slogan was directed particularly at the People&#8217;s Army, which Jiang Qing wanted to destroy because it would not follow her mandate &#8211; Ed. &nbsp;<a href=\"#rf4-8782\" class=\"backlink\" title=\"Return to footnote 4.\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p><\/li><li id=\"fn5-8782\"><p > 1 One of the 24 solar periods of the year, which fell on April 5th in 1976, a festival on which people traditionally sweep the graves of their ancestors &#8211; Ed. &nbsp;<a href=\"#rf5-8782\" class=\"backlink\" title=\"Return to footnote 5.\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p><\/li><li id=\"fn6-8782\"><p > The Reichstag Fire&#8221; of 1933 was the fire set to burn down the seat of government in Germany, which Hitler staged and attributed to his enemies so that he could seize the opportunity presented by the crisis and assume control over the government &#8211; Ed. &nbsp;<a href=\"#rf6-8782\" class=\"backlink\" title=\"Return to footnote 6.\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p><\/li><li id=\"fn7-8782\"><p > The &#8220;Three Big Mountains&#8221; are associated with the Nationalist government Of Chiang Kai-shek and refer to imperialism, Feudalism and exploitation by the &#8216;compradors&#8217; &#8211; Ed. &nbsp;<a href=\"#rf7-8782\" class=\"backlink\" title=\"Return to footnote 7.\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p><\/li><li id=\"fn8-8782\"><p > Ai, Qing, and Eugene Chen. Eoyang. Selected Poems of Ai Qing = [Ai Ch\u02bbing Shih Hsu\u0308an]. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982. &nbsp;<a href=\"#rf8-8782\" class=\"backlink\" title=\"Return to footnote 8.\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you ever have to teach about the end of Maoism, Ai Qing&#8216;s poem &#8220;On the Crest of a Wave&#8221; is a good thing to use. Ai was one of China&#8217;s best known modern poets, who was arrested and tortured by the GMD, (which is why he changed his surname from \u848b to \u827e) then&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[214,109,141,148,163,164],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1970s","category-communism","category-maoist-era-1949-1976","category-poetry","category-teaching","category-translation"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9yoH3-2hE","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8782"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8795,"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8782\/revisions\/8795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/froginawell.net\/frog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}