[ { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "The Reigning Sovereign", "n": "His Imperial Majesty Hirohito", "t": ", the reigning Emperor of Japan (124th of the line), is the first son of the late Emperor Taisho (Taisho Tenno); born on April 29th, 1901. He was nominated Heir-Apparent on September 9th, 1912, being at the same time appointed Sub-Lieutenant of the Army and Second Sub-Lieutenant of the Imperial Navy and decorated with the Grand Cordon of the Chrysanthemum; promoted to Lieutenant of the Army and 1st Sub-Lieutenant of the Navy on October 31st, 1914; to Captain and Lieutenant on October 31st, 1916; promoted to Major and Lieut.-Commander on October 31st, 1920; visited Europe in 1921; appointed Regent on November 25th, 1921; promoted to Lieut.-Colonel and Commander on October 31st, 1923; married Princess Nagako Kuni (first daughter of H.I.H. Prince Kuni) on January 26th, 1924; promoted to Colonel and Captain (Navy) on October 31st, 1924; acceded to the Throne on the death of his father Emperor Taisho on December 25th, 1926; formally enthroned on November 10th, 1928. On March 3rd, 1921 His Majesty (then Crown Prince) proceeded to Europe to make observations and exchange courtesies with the sovereigns and rulers of European countries, returning home in September the same year. It was an epoch-making event in the history of the Japanese Imperial House as it was the first Crown Prince of the Empire who ever stepped out of the country and visited foreign lands, and moreover it was an unqualified success in every respect, particularly having had the result of promoting and further cementing the happy relations between Japan and her friendly Powers in the Occident. After returning from the foreign tour, he was appointed Regent in November, 1921, to conduct affairs of State in place of his Imperial father who, on account of chronic illness, was incapacitated from performing his onerous duties as Emperor. In January, 1924, he married Princess Nagako, eldest daughter of H.I.H. General Prince Kuniyoshi Kuni. Then on the 25th of December, 1926, following the death of his father Emperor Yoshihito (Taisho Tenno) he ascended the Throne as the 124th Emperor, the new era named Showa being adopted for his reign. The enthronement of the sovereign was officially celebrated at the ancient Capital of Kyoto in November (10th to 15th), 1928, after the lapse of one year's mourning over the demise of the departed Emperor according to traditional custom, the national function being performed with time-honoured ceremonies.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "The Reigning Sovereign", "n": "Nagako", "t": ", the Empress, first daughter of the late Prince Kuniyoshi Kuni, born on March 6th, 1903. Her Majesty was educated at the Peeresses' School and afterward studied under private tutors at her home. Married the Emperor (then Crown Prince) January 26th, 1924.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "The Reigning Sovereign", "n": "Sadako", "t": ", the Empress Dowager (consort of the late Emperor Taisho), born June 25th, 1884, fourth daughter of the late Prince Michitaka Kujo, a noble of the first rank; married Emperor Taisho (then Crown Prince) on May 10th, 1900; widow December 25th, 1926.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "The Crown Prince", "n": "Tsugu-no-Miya Akihito", "t": ", first son of the Emperor, born on December 23rd, 1933.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Children of the Emperor", "n": "Masahito (Yoshi-no-Miya)", "t": ", second son of the Emperor, born November 28th, 1935.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Children of the Emperor", "n": "Shigeko", "t": "(Teru-no-Miya), first daughter of the Emperor, born December 6th, 1925.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Children of the Emperor", "n": "Kazuko", "t": "(Taka-no-Miya), third daughter of the Emperor, born September 30th, 1929.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Children of the Emperor", "n": "Atsuko", "t": "(Yori-no-Miya), fourth daughter of the Emperor, born March 7th, 1931.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Children of the Emperor", "n": "Takako", "t": "(Suga-no-Miya), fifth daughter of the Emperor, born March 2nd, 1939.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Brother of the Emperor", "n": "Chichibu-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence — Akasaka-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Brother of the Emperor", "n": "Prince Yasuhito", "t": ", present head (1st of the line) and second son of the late Emperor Taisho, born June 25th, 1902. His house-name was formerly Atsu-no-Miya, but on attaining majority in June, 1922 the Prince founded a new house (Chichibu-no-Miya) by Imperial order. After finishing the 2nd year class of the middle school course of the Peers' School, entered the Central Military Preparatory School in 1917 to receive military education; further studied at the Military Academy, graduating in 1922; appointed Sub-Lieutenant (infantry) Regiment of the Imperial Guards Division; promoted to Lieutenant, 1925; further studied in Europe, 1925-26; returned in 1927; promoted to Captain, 1930; graduated from Military Staff College, 1931; promoted to Major, 1935; attended British Coronation, 1937; Lieut.-Col., 1938; Colonel, 1939. The Prince is Honorary President, Japan-British Society (Tokyo), Swedish Association of Japan, Peers' Club. Honorary member, Ski Club of Great Britain, Alpine Ski Club of England.", "p": "54", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Brother of the Emperor", "n": "Princess Setsuko", "t": ", consort of the above, is daughter of Mr. Tsuneo Matsudaira, Minister of the Imperial Household; was born Sept. 9th, 1909; educated at the Peeresses' School and later in the United States; married the Prince Sept. 1928.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Brother of the Emperor", "n": "Takamatsu-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence — Takanawa Nishidaimachi, Shiba-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Brother of the Emperor", "n": "Prince Nobuhito", "t": ", present head (1st of the line) and third son of the late Emperor Taisho, born January 3, 1905. Graduated from Cadets School, 1924; appointed 2nd Sub-Lieut., December 1925; 1st Sub-Lieut., 1927; studied at Naval Gunnery School, 1931-32, promoted to Lieutenant 1930; appointed squadron commander of the warship Takao, 1932; transferred to Fuso in the similar capacity, 1933; promoted to Lieut.-Commander, 1935; graduated from Naval Staff College, 1936 then attached to the Naval Staff Board; went abroad in 1930 to return the courtesy of the British Court accompanied by the Princess. The Prince is Honorary President, the Japan Fine Arts Assn., Turco-Japanese and Japan-Denmark Societies, Japan-Brasil Central Assn., International Cultural Encouragement Society and the Imperial Invention Assn. The Prince was formerly called Teru-no-Miya and established the House of Takamatsu-no-Miya 1913.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Brother of the Emperor", "n": "Princess Kikuko", "t": ", Consort of the above, is sister of Prince Yoshimitsu Tokugawa, born Dec. 26, 1911, married in 1930.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Brother of the Emperor", "n": "Mikasa-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence—Akasaka-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Brother of the Emperor", "n": "Prince Takahito", "t": ", present head (1st of the line) and fourth son of late Emperor Taisho and the youngest brother of the reigning Emperor, born Dec. 2nd, 1915. The Prince finished the middle school course of the Peers' School in 1932; the Military Academy in June, 1936; is attached to the 15th Regiment (Cavalry) as Cadet. On attaining his majority in 1935, the Prince was granted the name of Mikasa and founded a new house.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Kan-in-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence—Nagata-cho, Kojimachi-ku, Tokyo). The House was founded by Prince Naohito (1703-52, A.D.), eldest son of Higashiyama Tenno (113th Emperor).", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Kotohito", "t": ", head (6th of the line), Field Marshal, Supreme War Councillor and Chief of General Staff. Is the 16th son of the late Prince Kuniie Fushimi; born Sept. 22nd, 1865; studied at the Military Preparatory School and then at the Military Academy; later studied in France; took part in the Japan-China and the Russo-Japanese War; promoted to Lieut.-General in 1905; appointed Commander of the Imperial Guards Division in 1906; promoted to General and made Supreme War Councillor in 1912; Field Marshal in 1919; appointed Chief of General Staff, since Dec. 1931. In 1921 the Prince accompanied the Crown Prince (present Emperor on his tour of Europe. Prince is Hon. President of the Japan Red Cross Society, the Japan Sericultural Association, the Franco-Japanese Society, the Russo-Japanese Society, the Tokyo Geological Society, the Military Club, the Tokyo Club and many other similar bodies.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Chieko", "t": ", Consort of the above, 2nd daughter of the late Prince Sanetomi Sanjo; born May 25th, 1872. Married the Prince Dec. 19th, 1891. The Princess is Honorary President of the Japan Women's Education Association.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Haruhito", "t": ", 2nd son of Prince Kotohito, born Aug. 3rd, 1902. Studied at the Peers' School and then at the Military Academy; is Captain of Cavalry attached to the Cavalry School as instructor and superintendent of research department, appointed Major of Cavalry, July, 1937.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Naoko", "t": ", consort of the above, 4th daughter of the late Prince Saneteru Ichijo; born Nov. 7th, 1908; married in 1926.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Higashi Fushimi-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence—Tokiwamatsu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo). The House was set up by the late Adm. Prince Yorihito, 17th son of the late Prince Kuniie Fushimi, and younger brother of Marshal Prince Kan-in. The Prince died heirless in 1922.", "p": "55", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 51", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n51/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Dowager Princess Kaneko", "t": ", consort of the late Prince Yorihito and eldest daughter of the late Prince Tomosada Iwakura. Born August 29th, 1876; married the late Prince Feb. 10th, 1898; widow in 1922. The Princess is Honorary President of the Ladies' Patriotic Association and also of the Women's Hygiene Association.", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Fushimi-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence—Kioi-cho, Kojimachi-ku, Tokyo). The House is the oldest of the princely families, founded in the 14th century by a son of Gohanazono Tenno, the 102nd Emperor.", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Hiroyasu", "t": ", present head (23rd of the line) and eldest son of the late General Prince Sadanaru; born October 16th, 1875; married Princess Tsuneko (deceased 9th daughter of Prince Keiki Tokugawa) in 1897; succeeded to the House of Prince Kwacho in 1883, but returned to the present House in July 1904; studied at the Naval Academy and then in Germany; took part in the Russo-Japanese War and was wounded on board the Mikasa in the battle of the Yellow Sea (Aug. 1904); studied in England, 1909-10; was in command of the Takachiho, 1910; Vice-Admiral, 1917; Supreme War Councillor, 1920; full Admiral, 1922; appointed Chief of Naval Staff Board, Feb. 1932; Admiral of Fleet, May 1932. The Prince is Hon. President of the Imperial Life Boat Association, the Japan Seamen's Relief Association, the Cancer Research Society, the Naval Club, the Japan-German Society, the Scientific & Chemical Research Institute, etc.", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Hiroakira", "t": ", eldest son of the late Prince Hiroyoshi, born 1932.", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Tokiko", "t": ", consort of the late Prince Hiroyoshi, (the eldest son of Prince Hiroyasu), 3rd daughter of Prince Saneteru Ichijo, born 1902. Married Dec. 23rd, 1919, widow 1938. (Prince Hironobu, 3rd son of Prince Hiroyasu, born 1905, created a new House in 1926 by order of the late Emperor Taisho and is now called Marquis Kwacho. He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1925).", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Yamashina-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence — Fujimi-cho, Kojimachi-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Takehiko", "t": ", head (3rd of the line), eldest son of the late Prince Kikumaro; born Feb. 13th, 1898; studied at the Naval Academy; attached to the Naval Aviation Corps as Sub-Lieutenant and attached to the Naval Staff Board; retired from active service in 1927 on account of declining health; promoted to Lieut.-Commander in 1929 and at the same time placed on waiting list. Married in 1922 to Princess Sakiko (deceased in 1932), 2nd daughter of the late Prince Kuniyoshi Kaya-no-Miya. Was at one time an aviation enthusiast for which the Prince was popularly called “Prince of the Air” and established a private aviation institute (Mikuni Aviation School). Prince Takehiko has four brothers, Prince Yoshimaro (born 1901), Prince Fujimaro (born 1905), Prince Hagimaro (born 1906) and Prince Shigemaro (born 1908), who were all ordered to set up new houses and are now known as Marquis Yamashina, Marquis Tsukuba, Count Kashima (died Aug. 1932) and Count Katsuragi respectively. They are no longer members of the Imperial Family.", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Kaya-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence—Samban-cho, Kojimachi-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Dowager Princess Yoshiko", "t": ", Consort of the late Prince Kuninori, and eldest daughter of the late Marquis Tadayoshi Daigo. Born Oct. 20th, 1865, widow, 1910.", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Tsunenori", "t": ", head (2nd of the line) and eldest son of the late Prince Kuninori. Born Jan. 27th, 1900. Graduated from the Military Academy in 1921 and Military Staff College in 1926; promoted to Major of Cavalry and instructor at the Military Staff College, 1931-34; appointed Commander of the 10th Cavalry Regiment Aug. 1925, then commdr. 16th Cavalry Regiment.", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Toshiko", "t": ", consort of the above and 5th daughter of Prince Michizane Kujo. Born May 16th, 1903; married in 1921.", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Kuni-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence—Miyashiro, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Dowager Princess Chikako", "t": ", consort of the late Prince Kuniyoshi, 7th daughter of the late Prince Tadayoshi Shimazu. Born Oct. 19th, 1879; married 1899; widow, Jan., 1929. Is also mother of the present Empress. (Prince Kunihide, 3rd son of the late Prince Kuniyoshi, born May 10th, 1910. Set up a new house in April, 1931, by Imperial order and is now known as Count Higashi Fushimi).", "p": "56", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Asaakira", "t": ", head (3rd of the line), eldest son of the late Marshal Prince Kuniyoshi Kuni. Born Feb. 2nd, 1901; studied at the Naval Academy; made Lieutenant in 1928; promoted to Lieut.-Commander in 1931; attached to the Naval Staff Board; Chief Gunner of the cruiser Kiso; transferred to the cruiser Yakumo in the same capacity in August, 1934, promoted to Lieut.-Commdr. and now attached to the Navy Office.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Tomoko", "t": ", consort of the above and 3rd daughter of Prince Hiroyasu Fushimi. Born May 18th, 1907; married the Prince Jan. 25th, 1925.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Nashimoto-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence — Mitake-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Morimasa", "t": ", (head and 2nd of the line), 4th son of the late Prince Asahiko, born March 9th, 1874. Field Marshal and Supreme War Councillor. Studied at a French Military School in 1903-04 and again in 1907-08; took part in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-05); after holding various high posts including the post of divisional commander was promoted to full General in 1923 and then appointed member of the Supreme War Council; Field Marshal, August, 1932. The Prince is Honorary President of the Franco-Japanese Society, the Japan Agricultural Association, the Japan Forestry Association, the Japan Martial Art Association, the Imperial Aero Association, the Italian Society of Japan etc.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Itsuko", "t": ", consort of the above, 2nd daughter of the late Marquis Naotada Nabeshima; born Feb. 2nd, 1882; married Nov. 28th, 1900; made a tour of Europe with the Prince in 1908-09.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Asaka-no-Miya", "t": "(created in March 1906). (Residence—Shirokane Dai-machi, Shiba-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Yasuhiko", "t": ", head, 8th son of the late Prince Asahiko Kuni; born Oct. 2nd, 1887. Studied at the Military Academy and then in France; Major-General and instructor at the Military Staff College in 1930, later appointed Commander of the 1st Infantry Brigade; promoted to Lieut.-General and appointed Commander of the Imperial Guards Division in Aug. 1933; appointed Supreme War Councillor, 1935; commanded Japanese forces in China 1938; General, 1939.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Higashi Kuni-no-Miya", "t": "(created in Nov. 1906) (Residence—Ichibei-cho, Azabu-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Naruhiko", "t": ", head, 9th son of the late Prince Asahiko Kuni; born Dec. 3rd, 1887; set up the present house in November, 1906, by order of the late Emperor Meiji. Studied at the Military Academy and later in France where he stayed from 1920 till 1926; married Princess Toshiko May 18th, 1915; Major-General and Commander of the 5th Infantry Brigade in August, 1930; promoted to Lieut.-General and appointed Commander of the 4th Army Division in August 1934; appointed Chief of the Military Aviation Department, July, 1937; commanded Japanese forces in China; promoted to full general, 1939; is Honorary President of the Press Association of Japan.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Toshiko", "t": ", consort of the above, is the youngest daughter of the late Emperor Meiji. Born May 11th, 1896; married the Prince May 11th, 1915.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Kita Shirakawa-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence—Takanawa Minami-cho, Tokyo).", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Nagahisa", "t": ", head (4th of the line), eldest son of the late Prince Nagahisa; born Feb. 19th, 1910, killed in action Sept. 4th, 1940 in China.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Sachiko", "t": ", consort of the above, is the 2nd daughter of Baron Yoshinori Tokugawa. Born Aug. 26th, 1916, married in 1935.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Michihisa", "t": ", eldest son of the late Prince Nagahisa; born May 2nd, 1937.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Takeda-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence — Takanawa Minami-cho, Shiba-ku, Tokyo). The House was created in March, 1906 by the late Prince Tsunehisa (died in 1910), eldest son of the late Prince Kitashirakawa, by order of the late Emperor Meiji.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Dowager Princess Masako", "t": ", consort of the late Prince Tsunehisa; is the 6th daughter of the late Emperor Meiji, born Sept. 30th, 1888; married the late Prince Tsunehisa 1908; widow in 1919. Died on 8th March, 1940.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Prince Tuneyoshi", "t": ", head (2nd of the line), eldest son of the late Prince Tsunehisa; born in 1909. Studied at the Military Academy; was appointed Sub-Lieutenant of Cavalry in 1930 and attached to the 1st Cavalry Regiment; promoted to Lieutenant in August, 1933, Captain in August, 1936.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: The Imperial House (other members of the Imperial Family)", "s": "Other Members of the Imperial Family", "n": "Princess Mitsuko", "t": ", consort of the above, is the youngest daughter of Prince Kinteru Sanjo. Born Nov. 6th, 1915; married in 1934.", "p": "57", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 52", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n52/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Ri", "t": ", the former royal family of Chosen (Korea).", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Shotoku-no-Miya", "t": "(Residence—Kioi-cho, Kojimachiku, Tokyo).", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Prince Gin", "t": ", head of the family and younger brother of Prince Chiok (the late head of the house), born October 20th, 1897 in Keijo (Seoul). Brought up in the royal palace in the former Korean capital but later moved to Tokyo to receive education. Graduated from the Military Academy in Tokyo in 1920; married in 1920; promoted to Captain and attached to the 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Imperial Guards Division in 1926; visited Europe in 1927 for study and observation accompanied by Princess Masako; later attached to the General Staff Office; promoted to Lieut.-Colonel and attached to the Military Training Department; appointed Colonel and Commander of the 59th Infantry Regiment August, 1935, appointed head instructor of the preparatory course, Military Staff College, July, 1937; promoted to Major-Gen. July, 1938.", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Princess Masako", "t": ", consort of the above, eldest daughter of H.I.H. Prince Morimasa Nashimoto; born November 4th, 1901; married Prince Gin in 1920.", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Princess Im", "t": ", consort of the late Prince Chiok Ri, born September 19th, 1894; widow in 1926, (Residence—Seoul, Chosen).", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "House of Ri Ken", "t": "(Residence—Tokiwamatsu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Prince Ri Ko", "t": ", 5th son of the late Grand Prince Ri and father of Prince Ri Ken; born March 30th, 1877.", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Princess Kin", "t": ", consort of the above and eldest daughter of the late Baron Kin; born December 22nd, 1880; married December 6th, 1893.", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Prince Ri Ken", "t": ", eldest son of Prince Ri Kang, born October 28, 1909. Graduated from the Military Academy; is Captain of Cavalry attached to the Imperial Guard.", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Princess Yoshiko", "t": ", consort of the above, eldest daughter of Mr. Hiroshi Matsudaira; born October 6th, 1911; married in October 1931.", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "House of Ri Gu", "t": "(Residence—Keijo, Chosen, Residence in Tokyo—Tokiwamatsu, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo).", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Prince Ri Gu", "t": ", 2nd son of Prince Ri Kang, born November 15th, 1912. Graduated from the Military Cadet School and is now Captain of Artillery.", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Imperial Court: Royal House of Chosen", "s": "Royal House of Chosen", "n": "Princess Sanshu", "t": ", consort of the above and daughter of Marquis Boku; born December 11th, 1914; married May 3rd, 1935.", "p": "58", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 53", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n53/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Social Problems: Private institutes for investigating social problems", "s": "Organs for Control, Deliberation and Arbitration", "n": "The Kyocho-kai", "t": "(Tokyo).—Organized in 1919 by the Government authorities, university professors, business men, social workers, etc., to effect the “harmonization of capital and labor.”", "p": "175", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 111", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n111/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Social Problems: Private institutes for investigating social problems", "s": "Organs for Control, Deliberation and Arbitration", "n": "Ohara Social Problems Research Institute", "t": "(Osaka).—Established in 1919 by Mr. Ohara, a millionaire in Okayama, it conducts all important researches on social problems in the country, the staff including Dr. Iwasaburo Takano (Chief) and a number of able experts.", "p": "175", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 111", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n111/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Social Problems: Private institutes for investigating social problems", "s": "Organs for Control, Deliberation and Arbitration", "n": "Kurashiki Institute for the Research of the Science of Labor", "t": "(Kurashiki, Okayama prefecture).—Also founded by Mr. Ohara. Investigates the scientific aspects of the labor problem.", "p": "175", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 111", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n111/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Social Problems: Private institutes for investigating social problems", "s": "Organs for Control, Deliberation and Arbitration", "n": "Industrial Labor Investigation Office", "t": "(Tokyo).—Established in 1924, chiefly by representatives of labor organizations and scholars, to investigate political, economic and scial affairs of the country.", "p": "175", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 111", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n111/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Social Problems: Private institutes for investigating social problems", "s": "Organs for Control, Deliberation and Arbitration", "n": "Arima's Agrarian Research Institute", "t": "(Tokyo).—Established by Count R. Arima to devote itself to the study of agrarian problems, which are now growing in importance and attracting the serious attention of the public, in consequence of the wide awakening of the peasant class.", "p": "175", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 111", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n111/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Shipping and Shipbuilding: Leading shipping companies", "s": "", "n": "Nippon Yusen Kaisha (Japan Mail S.S. Co.)", "t": "—Founded in October, 1885, the Nippon Yusen Kaisha, which is one of the two premier maritime companies of Japan, celebrated the jubilee in October, 1935. The company was established by the amalgamation of two rival concerns, the Mitsubishi and the Kyodo Un-yu Kaisha. By the amalgamation of the two companies the N.Y.K. inherited 29 steamers and 1 sailing vessel from the Mitsubishi Company and 29 steamers and 10 sailing crafts from the Kyodo Un-yu Kaisha, making a total of 69 vessels. Of these the 58 steamers totalled 64,610 tons gross and the 11 sailing vessels 4,725 tons gross. Between Japan and New York the Company maintains what is one of the most up-to-date freight services on the oceans to-day. The company put into commission in the Jubilee Year six new motor vessels on its Orient-New York Express Service. These six sister ships are all of 9,000 tons and their speed 18½ knots. Three of them were built in Nagasaki and three in Yokohama. The company owns several motorships on its Pacific run. These are the Kamakura Maru (17,500 tons), the Asama Maru (17,000 tons) and the Tatsuta Maru (17,000 tons). These, along with the Taiyo Maru, run a fast fortnightly service from Hong-Kong to Los Angeles and San Francisco, via Honolulu. On the European run the company has also excellent boats, the Terukuni Maru (sunk off England on Nov. 21, 1939) and the Yasukuni Maru being the finest ships on the service. They are both of 11,900 tons gross. The authorized capital of the company as in October, 1940 was ¥106,250,000, of which ¥92.250,000 was paid up.", "p": "214", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 132", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n132/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Shipping and Shipbuilding: Leading shipping companies", "s": "", "n": "Osaka Shosen Kaisha (Osaka Mercantile S.S. Co.)", "t": "—The Company was established in 1884 by the amalgamation of small shipping companies which had steamers plying between ports in the inland sea. The field of operation has subsequently been enlarged and it enjoys at present a commanding position in Japanese shipping. The authorized capital of the Company as in October, 1940 was ¥100,000,000, of which ¥75,000,000 is paid up.", "p": "214", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 132", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n132/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Shipping and Shipbuilding: Principal Tramp-Owners", "s": "Principal Tramp-Owners", "n": "Kokusai Line (International S.S. Co.)", "t": "—In order to meet an astounding increase in the demand for bottoms during the World War both shipowners and shipyards built one ship after another. As the activity of the freight market during the war was spectacular, so the reaction that followed the Armistice was serious. It was for the purpose of relieving the shipowners and shipbuilders of the acute pain caused by a serious break of the price of ships that the Kokusai Kisen Kaisha was organized in 1919 with the surplus of the vessels thus built during the war, through the good offices of the Government. As in August, 1938 the Company operated regular freight services between the Far East and North Europe, New York and Hamburg, Japan and Australia, Japan and East and South Africa, Japan and Bombay, Tokyo and Formosa. Three 19-knotters which were completed in 1936 have been allocated to the newly inaugurated Far East-North Europe fast service, which maintains four-weekly sailing in conjunction with two new freighters of the N.Y.K. The Company owns motor and steam vessels amounting to 27 ships aggregating 160,994 tons gross. Mr. Shinjiro Kurokawa, formerly vice-President of the N.Y.K. is President. The Company is capitalized at ¥20,000,000 fully paid up.", "p": "217", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 133", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n133/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Shipping and Shipbuilding: Principal Tramp-Owners", "s": "Principal Tramp-Owners", "n": "Yamashita Kisen Kaisha (Yamashita S.S. Co.)", "t": "—The Company was founded in 1902 by Mr. Kamesaburo Yamashita. The activity of the Company during the World War was worldwide. As in April, 1940 the Company owned 34 ships amounting to 192,037 tons. The Yamashita Kisen is the largest of the five major companies operating trampers, the other four being Daido, Mitsui, Kawasaki, Kokusai. In May, 1937 the company increased its capital from ¥20,320,500 to ¥35,000,000. The Company's shipping operation extends to the South Seas, Australia, Europe, North America and Africa. One of its noteworthy service is the transportation of Saghalien timber to Japan and Manchuria beans to Europe.", "p": "217", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 133", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n133/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Shipping and Shipbuilding: Principal Tramp-Owners", "s": "Principal Tramp-Owners", "n": "Mitsui Line", "t": "—The Mitsui Line operates regular and irregular services. The former consists of the direct New York service, the Bangkok service, the Indian service (Bombay and Madras), the Philippine service, Dairen service, the Iran Bay service and the Moji-Yokohama service. The latter represents many ports in Europe, North America, South America, Australia, Africa, British India, the South Seas and Japan. As in June, 1938 the Mitsui Line owned 36 steamers amounting to 143,851 tons gross.", "p": "217", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 133", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n133/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Shipping and Shipbuilding: Principal Tramp-Owners", "s": "Principal Tramp-Owners", "n": "Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha", "t": "—The Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha is one of the seven largest shipping companies of Japan. It was founded in April, 1919 with a capital of ¥20,000,000, which is paid up. Principal regular services operated by the Company are the New York Line, San Francisco-Los Angeles Line, Seattle-Vancouver Line, Japan-Australia Line, Europe-Far East Line, Tokyo-Yokohama-Dairen Line, North Korea Line, South America (West Coast) Line, East and South Africa Line, Bombay Line, Asia-Europe-North and South America Line. As in March, 1939 the Company owned 34 ships aggregating 243,415 tons.", "p": "217", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 133", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n133/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Akan", "t": "A famous active volcano in Hokkaido, situated between Kushiro and Kitami occupying an area of 75,372 hectares. It is surrounded by many beautiful lakes and forests, with several hot spring resorts.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Daizentsu-zan", "t": "(literally Great Snow Mountain) located at the centre of the mountain ranges of Hokkaido, is often called the Roof of Hokkaido. Its 203,306 hectares of territory which includes grand canyons and beautiful plains is considered as one of the most suitable places for natural research, mountaineering, sight-seeing, and skiing, etc.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Lake Towada", "t": "Extending over Akita and Aomori prefectures, the lake being the second deepest in Japan, is 378 meters in depth and 401 meters above the sea level. The total area of the park is 49,587 hectares including beautiful hills, valleys, etc. and is highly regarded by those who love fishing, boating and winter sports.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Nikko", "t": "“One can't say ‘kekko’ (wonderful) without visiting Nikko” is a Japanese proverb. This park occupies 53,553 hectares bordering Gunma, Fukushima, Tochigi and Niigata Prefectures. The gorgeous shrines, Lake Chuzenji, and the famous waterfall “Kegon” are some of the spot no visitor can miss among the many places of interest.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Fuji-Hakone", "t": "This park occupies 82,281 hectares including Mt. Fuji, the famous five lakes at its foot, and the wellknown hotspring resort, Hakone. It is located within a few hours by train from Tokyo.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "The Japan Alps (Chubu Sangaku)", "t": "Occupies 173,554 hectares of mountainous zone, the so-called north Japan Alps. Among the many peaks in the region the Shirouma, Hodaka, Tsubakuro and Yari are very popular. Kamikochi and Kurobe add further beauty to the park.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Yoshino-Kumano", "t": "Extending over three prefectures, Nara, Miye and Wakayama, its size is 69,429 hectares including the Yoshino mountain ranges, rivers and craggy coastline of Kumano. Yoshino is not only known for its famous cherry blossoms, but is also a spot of historic interest.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Seto Inland Sea", "t": "The only sea park in Japan, dotted with many beautiful isles, it is 102,149 hectares in size. It is generally conceded that such scenery is unique in the world.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Daisen", "t": "Mt. Daisen, the highest mountain facing the Japan Sea in the Chugoku district, is in the centre of the park, occupying [illegible] hectares, commanding a wonderful view of Shimane peninsular. The park which has several hot spring resorts is the centre of skiing in western Japan.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Unzen", "t": "Located near Nagasaki, it is famous for its sulphide hot springs, and is also noted for its azaleas in Spring and “Silver Thaw” in Winter, when trees are coated with ice. The size of the park is 9,917 hectares.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Aso", "t": "Extending over Oita and Kumamoto Prefectures, Mt. Aso, an active volcano with the largest crater in the world, consists of five peaks. Being double-cratered, it has a huge depression measuring 20 kilometres from south to north and 16 kilometres from east to west. There are 11 villages with a population of over 50,000 within the large crater. The total area of the park is 30,741 hectares.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Japan — Sports: National Parks", "s": "National Parks", "n": "Kirishima", "t": "Located between the prefectures of Kagoshima and Miyazaki, occupying an area of 18,735 hectares, it consists of 22 volcanic mountains with beautiful lakes, plains, forests, etc.", "p": "508", "l": "scan part 1, leaf 278", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%201%20Japan/page/n278/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Administrative System: Decorations", "s": "Decorations", "n": "(1) Ta-hsun-wei-lan-hua-chang-king-shin", "t": "(the Collar of the Grand Order of the Lanhua), grantable only to holders of the Grand Order of Merit.", "p": "623", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 23", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n23/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Administrative System: Decorations", "s": "Decorations", "n": "(2) Ta-hsun-wei-lan-hua-ta-shou-chang", "t": "(the Grand Cordon of the Lanhua), grantable to those with or to be conferred the Grand Order of Merit", "p": "623", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 23", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n23/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Administrative System: Decorations", "s": "Decorations", "n": "(3) Lung-kung-ta-shou-chang", "t": "(the Order of Lungkuang), grantable only to those who are to be conferred or who have been conferred the First Order of Merit.", "p": "623", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 23", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n23/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Administrative System: Decorations", "s": "Decorations", "n": "(4) Ching-yun-chang", "t": "(the Order of Ching-yun), grantable to those who are to be conferred any of the decorations from the First to the Eighth Order of Merit, excepting those who have been conferred the First Order of Merit and who have been granted the Order of the Lungkuang.", "p": "623", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 23", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n23/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Administrative System: Decorations", "s": "Decorations", "n": "(5) Chukuo-chang", "t": "(the Order of Chukuo) grantable to those who are to be conferred any of the decorations from the First to the Eighth Order of Merit excepting those who are to be conferred with the order of Ching-yun.", "p": "623", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 23", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n23/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Fuhsin Mines", "t": "Equipment in the underground workings and open-cut mines has been gradually replenished and a daily output of 10,000 metric tons has been finally realized since October, 1939. Installation of a coal sorter with a capacity of 1,000,000 tons, at Haichou has also been completed.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Hsian Mines", "t": "There is every prospect for expanding the present workings from the end of 1940.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Peipiao Mines", "t": "The deposits of the mines under the jurisdiction of the Taichi Mining Office have been found to be of good quality.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Haokang Mines", "t": "Slopes have been driven to mine the two seams located north and two beds south of the Hsingshan Mining Office. The Nankang Mining Office has opened No. 3 Mine whose deposits are of good quality. Surveys have been started in the Taling and Liuching districts in order to provide for future increase in production.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Titao Mines", "t": "Two new slopes have been driven in the Nuanchuan district. However, owing to the shortage of motive power operations at all the mines have not progressed as desire.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Chalainoerh Mines", "t": "A new slope has been driven into Bed No. 3 in order to provide for future increase in production.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Fuchou Mines", "t": "Excavation work on a new slope in the Tungshan district has been started.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Tienshihfu Mines", "t": "Owing to retardation in the completion of the power plant, exploitation of the lower seams has not progressed as desired, and at present efforts are being made to mine the upper seams.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Holung Mines", "t": "Surveys are being made in the Sunghsiaping district but the deposits are not so good as had been expected.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Tungning Mines", "t": "Efforts are being made to develop both the underground and open-cut workings.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Chengtzuho Mines", "t": "In addition to excavating five slopes and three tunnels, surveys are being made in the vicinity of Tungpeituan.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Hengshan Mines", "t": "Ten tunnels have been driven in the Changsheng, Shannan and Hsiaohengshan districts, while the vicinity of Tatingshan is being prospected.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Mining: Outline of the conditions of the enterprises under the Manchuria Coal Mining Company (April 1940)", "s": "", "n": "Sanhsing Mining Office", "t": "Two slopes are being sunk at present.", "p": "710", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 68", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n68/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Education: Leading specialized educational institutions under the Japanese administration", "s": "Specialized educational institutions (Kwantung Leased Territory and S.M.R. Zone)", "n": "Manchuria Medical University", "t": "Established at Mukden by the South Manchuria Railway in June, 1911, for Japanese and Manchurian students. Course: preparatory 3 yrs., university 4 yrs. Enrollment at the end of April 1939—University course 287; preparatory course 311; special course 224.", "p": "731", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 78", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n78/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Education: Leading specialized educational institutions under the Japanese administration", "s": "Specialized educational institutions (Kwantung Leased Territory and S.M.R. Zone)", "n": "Port Arthur Engineering University", "t": "Formerly Port Arthur Engineering School. Elevated to university status August, 1922. Departments: mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, mining, metallurgy. Course: preparatory 3 yrs., university 4 yrs. Enrollment at the end of April 1939: 193 Japanese, 31 Manchoukuoans in university course and 227 Japanese and 29 Manchoukuoans in preparatory course.", "p": "731", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 78", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n78/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Education: Leading specialized educational institutions under the Japanese administration", "s": "Specialized educational institutions (Kwantung Leased Territory and S.M.R. Zone)", "n": "South Manchuria Technical College", "t": "Established at Dairen. Formerly, South Manchuria Technical School. Elevated to college status, 1922. Course, 3 yrs. Departments: architectural, mechanical. In May, 1939 the total enrollment numbered 350.", "p": "731", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 78", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n78/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Education: Leading specialized educational institutions under the Japanese administration", "s": "Specialized educational institutions (Kwantung Leased Territory and S.M.R. Zone)", "n": "Industrial Training Schools", "t": "Established at Fushun and Penhsihu. Object: practical technical training. Course, 3 yrs.", "p": "731", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 78", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n78/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Education: Leading specialized educational institutions under the Japanese administration", "s": "Specialized educational institutions (Kwantung Leased Territory and S.M.R. Zone)", "n": "Agricultural Training Schools", "t": "Established at Kungchuling and Hsingyaocheng. Course, 1 to 2 yrs. With dormitory facilities.", "p": "731", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 78", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n78/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Education: Leading specialized educational institutions under the Japanese administration", "s": "Specialized educational institutions (Kwantung Leased Territory and S.M.R. Zone)", "n": "Commercial Training Schools", "t": "Established at Yingkow and Liaoyang in 1928. Course, 1 to 2 yrs. With dormitory attached.", "p": "731", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 78", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n78/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Education: Leading specialized educational institutions under the Japanese administration", "s": "Specialized educational institutions (Kwantung Leased Territory and S.M.R. Zone)", "n": "Temporary Technician Training Institute", "t": "Attached to the Port Arthur Engineering University, this institute was established in April, 1939, to provide a complement of skilled technicians for smooth execution of the Manchoukuo Government's Five-Year Industrial Development Plan. This institute has four departments, viz. machinery, mining, electricity and applied chemistry. Course, 1 yr., number of students 172.", "p": "731", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 78", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n78/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Transportation: Air Ports of Manchuria Aeronautical Co.", "s": "Air Ports of Manchuria Aeronautical Co.", "n": "Kukden Branch:", "t": "Mukden, Chinchow, Chaoyang, Chiehfeng, Shanhaikwan, Lingyuan, Chengteh, Dairen, Shingishu, and Tunghua.", "p": "800", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 113", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n113/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Transportation: Air Ports of Manchuria Aeronautical Co.", "s": "Air Ports of Manchuria Aeronautical Co.", "n": "Hsinking Branch:", "t": "Hsinking, Yenki, Tumen, Lungchingtsun, Tunhua, Kirin, and Ranan.", "p": "800", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 113", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n113/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Transportation: Air Ports of Manchuria Aeronautical Co.", "s": "Air Ports of Manchuria Aeronautical Co.", "n": "Harbin Branch:", "t": "Harbin, Tsitsihar, Manchouli, Hailar, Peianchen, Taheiho, Mutankiang, Ilan, Fuchin, Pamientung, Taoan, and Nunkiang.", "p": "800", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 113", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n113/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Manufacturing Industries II: Principal tobacco companies", "s": "", "n": "I. I. Tschurin & Co", "t": "This compan was originally started as a petty firm in Nikolsk in 1887. It steadily developed with years. Since the Russian Revolution, Harbin has been the centre of the activity of the Company There were days when it exerted so much influence as to mar the invasion of the Anglo-American Trust and the Toa Tobacco Company.", "p": "827", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 126", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n126/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Manufacturing Industries II: Principal tobacco companies", "s": "", "n": "Chi Tung Tobacco Company, Ltd", "t": "The Chi Tung Tobacco Co., Ltd., is a Manchoukuo corporation organized under Manchoukuo Laws and capitalized at 52,325,000 yuan. This company is a subsidiary of the British-American Tobacco Company (China) Ltd., whose headquarters are located in Hongkong. The head office of the Chi Tung Tobacco Co., Ltd., as well as its factory, are located in Mukden. It has another factory in Yingkow, completed in 1939 and now in operation.", "p": "827", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 126", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n126/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Manufacturing Industries II: Principal tobacco companies", "s": "", "n": "A. Lopato Sons, Ltd", "t": "The company is a Manchoukuo corporation with a capital of 3,500,000 yuan. It is a subsidiary of a British Company of the same name located in Hongkong, which company in 1913-1914 purchased the business formerly under Russian management. The capital of A. Lopato Sons, Ltd., in April 1914 was 150,000 roubles and it was increased in December 1919 o 1,000,000 roubles. The company wa reorganized in July, 1936, since when the present status has been maintained.", "p": "827", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 126", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n126/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Manufacturing Industries II: Principal tobacco companies", "s": "", "n": "Toa Tobacco Company", "t": "The company is capitalized at 30,000,000. With its head office in Tokyo, the Company has factories in Mukden, Dairen, Yingkow and Tientsin and marketing offices in Tientsin and Dairen.", "p": "827", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 126", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n126/mode/1up" }, { "a": "Manchoukuo — Manufacturing Industries II: Principal tobacco companies", "s": "", "n": "Manchu Tobacco Company", "t": "The Company was founded in Tokyo in January, 1925. It is capitalized at ¥12,000,000, of which ¥4,800,000 is paid-up. Its Hsinking factory has been completed. There is a plan afoot for the establishment of an additional factory at Harbin.", "p": "827", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 126", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n126/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(1) Peking-Mukden (Pei-Ning) Railway", "t": "Main line between Peking and Shanhaikwan (428.5 kilometers) Branch lines, 36.4 kilometers (Peking-Tungchow line; Tangho-Chinhwangtao line; Peitsaiho-Haipin line). Standard gauge of 4ft 8½ in. Construction begun in 1880 and put in operation in 1907. Investment as of December 1931 s$123,314,826 (inclusive of the Manchurian section). External obligations: £2.3 million (interest 5%) from British and Chinese Corporation in 1898, and £500,000 in 1921, of which the amount outstanding to January 1933 was £690,000. Of this amount the Manchurian share has been taken over and liquidated by the Government of Manchoukuo. This railway was temporarily put out of operation after the outbreak of the Manchurian incident, service being disrupted at Shanhaikwan. The through traffic, however, between Peking and Mukden was resumed on August 1, 1934.", "p": "903", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 164", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n164/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(2) Peking-Hankow (King-Han) Railway", "t": "Main line between Peking and Hankow 1,214.5 kilometers. Branches: 106.8 kilometers (Lukowiao-Fengtai line; Liangsiang-Nili line; Kaopaitien-Liangkochwang line; Yakoying-Lincheng line; Hoshangkiao-Yuchow line). Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1898 and put in operation in 1905. Investment as of October 1931 s$124,486,849. Foreign obligation: £5 million from Britain and France in 1908 (4.5% and 5%), the outstanding amount to January 1933 being £2.5 million; ¥10 million from the Yokohama Specie Bank (5%), the outstanding amount on December 31, 1933, being [illegible]5,370,500 (inclusive of interest), which was substantially reduced by successive refundings beginning in 1935; in addition, small short term loans from Britain, France and Belgium.", "p": "903", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 164", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n164/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(3) Peking-Suiyuan (Kin-Sui) Railway", "t": "Main line between Fengtai and Patow 817.8 kilometers: branches 58.7 kilometers (Peking Mentowkow line; Hsiahuayuan-Chimingshan line; Changhua-Lungpin line; Tatung-Kowchwan line). Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1905 and completed as far as Suiyuan is 1921 and Paotow in 1923. Investment as of December 1931 s$58,314,056. Foreign obligations: ¥3 million from the Toa Kogyo in 1918,, which in 1934 was converted to a new loan of ¥5.2 million; ¥3 million from the same company in 1921. The section between Peking and Kalgan was constructed with native capital but further development had to be financed by foreign capital.", "p": "903", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 164", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n164/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(4) Tientsin-Pukow (Tsing-Pu) Railway", "t": "Main line between Tientsin and Pukow 1,009.5 kilometers: branches 95.7 kilometers (Liangwangchwang-Chentangchwang line; Yenchow-Tsining line, Lincheng-Tsaochwang line; Techow-Canal line). Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1908 and put in operation in 1912. Investment as at the end of 1932 s$122,135,761. Foreign obligations: £5 million from Britain and Germany in 1908-9, the outstanding amount at the end of 1933 being £3,361,250 and interest £1,455,902; £3 million from Britain and France in 1910, the amount outstanding at the end of 1933 being £2,495,500 and interest £1,140,478.", "p": "903", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 164", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n164/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(Y) Shanghai-Nanking (Hu-Ning or Kin-Hu) Railway", "t": "Main line between Shanghai and Nanking 311.0 kilometers: branch between Shanghai and Woosung 16.1 kilometers. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1904 and put in operation in 1908. Investment at the end of 1931 s$38,501,629. Foreign obligations: £2,250,000 (5%) from Britain in 1904; £650,000 (5%) in 1907; ¥150,000 (6%) in 1913. Of these loans the amount outstanding at the end of 1933 £2,784,000 and interest ¥208,000; £156,000 (8%) from Britain in 1929, of which the outstanding amount at the end of 1933 was £187,000. The work of double tracking was begun in 1934 between Shanghai and Suchow.", "p": "903–904", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 164", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n164/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(6) Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningo. (Hu-Hang-Jung) Railway", "t": "The line in operation between Shanghai and Hangchow and between Ningpo and Paikwan, the aggregate length being 273.1 kilometers. Branch line between Kenshanmen and Kungchenkiao, 12.9 kilometers. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1907 and the Shanghai-Hangchow section put in operation in 1909 and the Ningpo division in 1912. Investment at the end of 1931 s$28,589,612. Foreign obligations: £1.5 million from a British source in 1908, the amount outstanding in 1933 being £375,000. Toward the close of 1936 the Nationalist Government resumed construction on this line with the view to a speedy completion of the whole line, work starting between Hangchow aand Tsaoe. The bridge across the Chientankiang was completed in 1937. The undertaking is being financed by British loans.", "p": "904", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(7) Taiyuan-Shihkiachwang (Cheng-Tai) Railway", "t": "Main line between Taiyuan and Shihkiachwang 242.4 kilometers. Branch between Yutzu and Taiyu 103.0 kilometers. Gauge 1 meter. Construction begun in 1904 and put in operation in 1907. Investment at the end of 1931 s$26,474,107. Foreign obligations: 40,000,000 Francs from a French source in 1902 and totally liquidated at the end of 1931.", "p": "904", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(8) Taokow-Chinghua (Tao-Ching) Railway", "t": "Main line between Taokow and Chinghua 150 kilometers. Branch between Taokow and Sanliwan 15.4 kilometers. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1900 and opened to traffic in 1904. Investment at the end of 1931 s$8,371,195. Foreign obligations: £800,000 (5%) from Britain in 1905, the amount outstanding at the end of 1933 being £126,839 and interest in arrears £61,834. This line was originally undertaken as a private line for the transportation of coal from a British owned mine but was later taken over by the state.", "p": "904", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(9) Lung-Hai Railway", "t": "The main line starting from Lienyunkiang on the seacoast, runs to Taipu, Haichow, Sian and as far as Paoki, in Shensi Province, the whole length being approximately 1,200 odd kilometers. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1905 and the Haichow-Sian, section opened to traffic in 1934, the Haichow-Taipu-Lienyungkiang section in 193[illegible] the Sian-Paoki section in June 1936. Investment at the end of 1931 s$115,600,444 and, in addition, s$15,664,725 in the section which was formerly known as the Pien-Lo (Kaifeng-Loyang) Railway, and from which the present railway was developed beginning in 1914. Foreign obligations: 41 million Belgian Francs from a Belgian source in 1903 and 1907, of which the outstanding amount at the end of 193[illegible] was 23.5 million Francs and interest in arrears 7,050,000 Francs; £4 million from Belgium in 1913, the amount outstanding at the end of 1933 being 137,743,000 Belgian Francs and interest in arrears 93,665,240 Francs; 4 loans from Belgium from 1920 to 1923, totaling 137,743,000 Belgian Francs (8%), the amount outstanding at the end of 1933 being 137,74[illegible]000 Belgian Francs and interest 93,665,2[illegible] Francs; 2 loans from Dutch sources in 1920-23 totaling 30,750,000 Guldens (8%), of which the outstanding amount is 30,750,000 and interest in arrears 19,680,000 Guldens; 22,250,[illegible] Francs from Belgium in 1925, of which the amount outstanding is 21,250,000 and interest in arrears 13,600,000 Francs: s$5 million from Belgium in 1925; the whole amount remaining unredeemed and the interest in arrears s$2,833,000. This railway was originally conceived as a feederline of the Peking-Hankow Railway and later developed on its present scale. In 193[illegible] work was begun to connect this line with the Tung-Pu Railway coming down through Shansi Province near Tungkwan. In 1935 the Nationalist Government began to fortify extensive areas along this railway with a view to an armed conflict with Japan, the main system of fortifications having been completed in the summer of 1936. The harbor construction of Lienyunkiang was undertaken with the object of competition with Dairen and Tsingtao.", "p": "904", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(10)—Canton-Hankow (Yueh-Han) Railway", "t": "The whole line was completed in April 1936. The main line between Canton aand Wuchang 1,095 kilometers, and the branch between Sh[illegible]chow and Pinghsiang 89 kilometers. Construction was begun in 1905 on the section between Wuchang aand Shuchow which was opened to traffic in 1911; work on the section between Canton and Shaochow in 1905 begun and completed in 1915; but the section between Shaochow and Chuchow had for some years to be left untouched for lack of capital and on account of civil wars and the technical difficulties involved. In 1932 the Nationalist Government resumed worked by contracting a loan for s$700,000. In the year following a loan of £5,660,000 and another of s$30 million were arranged with the Boxer Indemnity Commission. In April 1936, or 31 year after the work was begun, the whole line was completed. With regard to the amount invested in the railway no detailed information is available save that the amount put into the section between Wuchang and Shuchow and in the Shuchow-Pianghsiang branch is s$66,221,216. In addition to the foreign loan above mentioned the amount of [illegible]6 million was borrowed from the 4 Power Consortium in 1911. This railway connects the Yangtze Basin wirh South China and with the Peking-Hankow Railway and thus forms the main artery between North and South China. The economic, political and military importance of this railway was fully brought out after the advance of Japanese forces to Shanghai and Nanking. As a main channel for war suupplies for the Chiang Kai-shek forces, its importance in the later stages of the war was unequalled.", "p": "904–905", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(11) Canton-Shamshui (Kwang-san) Railway", "t": "Between Canton and Shamshui, Kwangtung Province, 88 Chinese miles. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1901 and completed the same year.", "p": "905", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(12) Canton-Kowloon (Kwang-Chiu) Railway", "t": "Between Canton and Shumchun, 92 kilometers in length, but generally called the Canton-Kowloon Railway. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1902, and the line put in operation in 1907 and 1911. Investment at the end of 1931 s$15,911,223. Foreign obligation: £5.5 million from Britain in 1907, of which the outstanding amount is £1,111,500 and interest in arrears £472,329. The section between Shumchun and Kowloon is owned by British interests.", "p": "905", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(13) Sunghsia-Changchow (Chang-Hsia) Railway", "t": "Between Sunghsia and Changchow 140 Chinese miles. Construction begun in 1907 and completed the same year.", "p": "905", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(14) Tsingtao-Tsinan (Kiao-Tsi) Railway", "t": "Main line between Tsingtao and Tsinan 395.2 kilometers: branch between Changtien and Poshan 58.1 kilometers. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1899, and the line opened to traffic in 1904. Investment as of 1931 s$43,933,378. Foreign obligation: ¥40 million from Japan in 1923, as already mentioned, but the whole amount remains unredeemed.", "p": "905", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(15) Kiukiang-Nanchang (Nan-Sin) Railway", "t": "Between Kiukiang and Niuhang opposite Nanchang, 128.4 kilometers. Construction begun in 1907, and the line opened to traffic in 1915. Investment s$12,208,277. Four loans from a Japanese source in 1912-22, totalling s$10 million. Began as a private line but later turned over to the state.", "p": "905", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(16) Hangchow-Nanchang (Che-Kan) and Nanchang-Siangtan (Hsiang-Kan) Railways", "t": "Total length 918 kilometers including 656 kilometers between Hangchow and Nanchang and 262 kilometers between Nanchang and Siangtan. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1931 on the section between Hangchow and Yushan and completed in 1934. In the following year work was started on the section between Yushan and Nanchang which was put in operation in January 1936. Branch line is between Kinhua and Lanchi, 15 kilometers. This railway starts from Hsiaoshan opposite Hangchow, across the Chientangkiang, and by way of Kinhua and Chu-hsien passes through the Hwaiyu Mountains into Kiangsi Province and proceeds westwards to Nanchang via Shangjao, Tunghsiang and Wenkiachow. Later the line was extended westwards from Nanchang to Pingsiang connecting with the line from Shuchow, thus opening communication with the Canton-Hankow Railway. The section between Siangtan (Shuchow) and Nanchang, forming the last link between the Canton-Hankow and the Hangchow-Nanchang Railways was completed in June 1937, the month before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese conflict.", "p": "905", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(17) Kiangnan Railway", "t": "This railway running on the southern side of the Yangtze River consists of the section between Nanking and Wuhu, 93 kilometers, and the section between Wuhu and Sunkiafu, 80 kilometers, the total length being 173 kilometers. Standard gauge. Construction begun in 1933 and completed in 1935. It is planned to extend this railway southwards to Tunchi and then to Kweichi in Kiangsi Province, connecting with the Hangchow-Nanchang line, and from that point on to Chaoan in the southwestern part of Fukien Province.", "p": "905", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(18) Huainan Railway", "t": "This railway completed in January 1936 runs from Tienchian and Yuchikow, through the central part of Anhwei Province. Lenfth 220 kilometers. Standard gauge. This lines was constructed chiefly with the object of transporting mineral productions from the area close to the Huai River. It is planned to extend this line southwards as far as the Yangtze River, thereby connecting it with the Kiangnan Railway at Wuhu, across the water. Construction has been started in part on the line proposed from Hofei to Sinyang on the Peking-Hankow Railway.", "p": "905–906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 165", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n165/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — I. State Railways", "n": "(19) Suchow-Kashing Railway", "t": "This branch line of the Shanghai-Nanking Railway, runs between Suchow and Kashing, 75 kilometers, as a connecting link between the Shanghai-Nanking and the Shanghai-Hangchow-Ningpo Railways. Construction begun in 1934 and completed in July 1936. This line was built in view of the experience of the Shanghai military incide[illegible] of 1932 when the Japanese, by occupation of the North Station, cut off the connection between the Shanghai-Nanking and the Shanghai-Hangchow Ningpo lines.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — II. Foreign Owned Railways", "n": "(1) Canton-Kowloon Railway", "t": "between Shum-Chun and Kowloon, 49 kilometers, owned by British interests.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — II. Foreign Owned Railways", "n": "(2) Yunnan (Tien-Yueh) Railway", "t": "The Chinese section of this railway extends from Kunming (Yunnan-fu) and Laokai, where it enters Annam to proceed further to Haiphong via Hanoi. The total length 464 kilometers Construction begun in 1904, and the line opened to traffic in 1910. Capitalization of 19,250,0[illegible] Francs entirely French. This is the only foreign owned railway running in China. Branch between Chienshui and Peifengchai.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — III. Private Railways", "n": "(1) Sunning (Hsin-Ning) Railway", "t": "The section between Toushan and Kongmoon (Kwangtung Province) 158 Chinese miles and the branch between Sunning and Paisha 85 Chinese miles. Construction begun in 1911, and the line opened to traffic in 1914.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — III. Private Railways", "n": "(2) Swatow-Chaoan (Chao-Shan) Railway", "t": "Main line between Chaoan and Swatow, Kwantung Province, 80 Chinese miles. Branch between Chaoan and Ichi 12 Chinese miles. Construction begun in 1903, and the line opened to traffic in 1904.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — III. Private Railways", "n": "(3) Tayeh Railway", "t": "Between Tiehshanpu and Shihhuiyao 63 Chinese miles. Put in operation in 1912.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — III. Private Railways", "n": "(4) Liukiang Railway", "t": "Between Tangho and Liukiang (Hopeh Prrovince) 35 Chinese miles. Put in operation in 1916.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — IV. Provincial Railways", "n": "Tatung-Puchow (Tung-Pu) Railway and branches", "t": "Main line between Tatung and Puchow (Fengliangtu) 739 kilometers. Construction begun in 1933 and the line partially opened to traffic in July, 1934, under the management of the provincial government of Shansi. The only provincially managed railway in China before the Sino-Japanese incident. Conceived and undertaken as part of the 10-year Shansi “Munroe” policy under General Yen Hsi-shan. The section between Tatung and Pingyuan still left unbuilt because of the extremely difficult geographic conditions to be overcome. The remaining part of the line is opeend to traffic from Pingyuan to Puchow by way of Taiyuan. Work on the section between Tatung and Pingyuan was being rushed in 1936 when work was interrupted by the penetration of the Communist forces and the bad economic conditions set in through the province. There are 4 branch lines: (1) Hsinyao line, 50 odd kilometers between Sinhsien and Hopien. Opened to traffic in 1935. This line also connects to Wutaishan.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — IV. Provincial Railways", "n": "(2) Yang-Tai Line", "t": "Between Yangming[illegible] and Taiyingchen. Still under contemplation.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — IV. Provincial Railways", "n": "(3) Si-Shan Line", "t": "Between Taiyuan and Sishan, 20 odd kilometers, already in operatio[illegible] the chief object being the transportation of coa[illegible]", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Railways: Conditions of Railways in Operation (State Railways)", "s": "Conditions of Railways in Operation — IV. Provincial Railways", "n": "(4) Ping-Fen Line", "t": "Between Pingyao and Fenyang, 34 kilometers. Construction begun in 1935 but interrupted since the arrival of the Communists. There is also a plan to construct a parallel railway from Taiyuan to Tungkwan, though it has raised political and other issues which remain unsettled.", "p": "906", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 166", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n166/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "The Central China Mining Company, Ltd", "t": "The Central China Mining Company, Ltd. was established in April, 1938. It is capitalized at ¥20,000,000, of which ¥15,000,000 is paid-up jointly contributed by Japanese and Chinese interests. The purpose of the enterprise are the control and development of iron and other mineral resources of Central China. When the Company was founded, its principal office was estabished in Shanghai, and afterwards, branch offices were opened in Tokyo, Yawata and Nanking, while a mining office was opened at Maanshan. The properties brought under control of the Company are scattered widely and operations at many of the mining properties have had to be deferred on account of disturbed conditions in the areas in which these properties are located. Active work was begun in those areas where circumstances permitted, and as a first step, operations were started in the mines of Nanshan Tawashan in Tangto Hsien, province of Anhwei, in the mines along the Maanshan light railway, in Chungshan mine, Hwanmeishan mine, Siaokushan mine and, somewhat later exploitation was begun of the mining properties along the Tsing-Shangho. Many difficulties had to be surmounted, owing largely to activities of bandits, guerilla forces and remnants of defeated Chinese armies scattered through various districts. Gradually a semblance of order was restored until operations were systemaized, first at Nanshan, Washan and as early as October, 1938, repair work was completed on the Maanshan light railway, and in the same month a ship entered the port of Maanshan to load ore for the first time since hostilities began. As conditions progressively were improved and made more secure, operation was resumed at iron mines along the Tsingshanho and at the Taochung mine. Also exploitation work was begun at other properties such as the Sanshanchen iron mine and the Fenghwangshan iron mine where notable results have been achieved. The Company plans to accelerate production from mining properties already exploited, and as soon as possible to resume exploitation of the Hwainan coal mine as well as extending operations in iron ore areas and coal fields in general in Central China. A thorough investigation is being opened of all mineral resources such as fluor-spar, manganese, antimony, tungsten, molybdenum, oxide of magnesium, alum and, in short, all mineral resources of Central China. A committee of Estimates appointed by the Department of Industry of the Nanking Government placed a value of ¥10,000,000 on the iron mines that the Company has acquired, and this sum is included in the Company's capital.", "p": "1092", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Central China Electricty & Waterworks Co., Ltd", "t": "This Company is a joint stock company operating with special privileges under the law of the Reformed Government at Nanking. Its authorized capital is ¥25,000,000 with paid up capital of ¥20,000,000, subscribed by both Chinese and Japanese interests: The nature of this Company's business is the distribution of electrical services, sale and hire of electrical apparatus, investment and loaning of funds to like enterprises, supply of water and conduct of related enterprises. Areas of distribution of electrical services by the Company now include Chapei, Central Ward, Nantao, Pootung, Chengju and Woosung. In December, 1938, the Company was supplying current for 29,000 electric lamps. In 1940 it purchased the T'aichao Power House in Changpe, the Wu-ti plant in Ch'angchow and the Suchow plant. It also increased its capitalization to ¥50,000,000. In addition, a 12,500 kilowatt power house has been installed in Chapei and another 10,000 kilowatt unit in Nanking. Areas in which water is being supplied by the Company embrace Chapei, Nantao and Pootung. In operation in Chapei are 176 kilometers of water pipes, in Nantao, 116 kilometers and in Pootung, three kilometers. All piping of the Company is in good working order and the supply is in excess of 3,000,000 cubic meters. It is to be noted that costs of electrical services and for water are below those currently charged by the American Power Company and the British Waterworks Company operating in the International Settlement of Shanghai. The Company, is planning to extend and improve installations and plant and at the same time it is intended to absorb enterprises of the same kind in Central China, thus unifying and concentrating the distribution of electrical services and supply of water at rates considerably below those currently imposed. In extending water works plant to supply drinkable fresh water at low rates, future increases of capital are foreseen, and whenever conditions warrant the whole enterprise of water supply will be placed in the hands of a new independent company.", "p": "1092", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Shanghai Inland Water Navigation Company, Ltd", "t": "This establishment, like the other organizations mentioned above, is a juridical entity, organized under the law of the Reformed Government at Nanking with limited privileges. Its authorized capital is ¥2,000,000 of which ¥1,306,000 is paid-up. The purpose of the enterprise is the transport of passengers and cargoes through inland navigable waterways in Central China, the hire and charter of ships, warehousing and wharf business and accessory related business. This Company was established on July 28, 1938, beginning with twenty small steamships and twelve chartered ships. Before the end of the year the number of steamships in operation totalled eighty-one, engaged in towing one hundred and forty barges in all, carrying passengers and cargo. By the end of October, 1938, the Company had carried a total of 28,871 passengers, while 22,956 tons of cargo had been transported. The Company has encountered the usual obstacles provided by bandits and guerillas, but to a large extent, this problem has been surmounted.", "p": "1093", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Central China Electric Communication Co., Ltd", "t": "This company was established in July, 1938, capitalized at ¥15,000,000, of which ¥10,000,000 is paid-up. The purpose of the enterprise is to control electrical communications in central China, the hire of installation and apparatus, operation of related business and investment in subsidiary concerns. Very few telegraph and telephone offices were in operation at the time this Company was founded, but the number of offices steadily has been increased, and at this writing services by wireless telegrams are available to the public directly to Japan, the United States, Manila, Dairen, Tsingtao, Tientsin, Nanking, Soochow, Hangchow, Hankow, and with Japanese ships at sea, indirectly, through Japan communications are available to every part of Europe. City telephone services not only have been widely expanded in Shanghai and Nanking, but also have been re-opened to the public in Soochow, Hangchow, Wukiang and Changsu. Between Shanghai and Japan wireless direct telephone service has been established. Steady progress has been made by the Company with construction work at the Chenju and Liukahan stations. The Company plans extensive reconstruction of plant and development of general foreign communication services. The broadcasting station at Chenju is to be restored and a receiving station at Liukahan is being brought into operation. At the same time wire telegraph and telephone communications between Shanghai and centers in China are rapidly being developed. Services are being restored in Wusih, Changchow, Chinkiang, Suhu, Kunshan, Sunkiang, Kashing, Taitsan, Kiankyin, Yangchow, Pukow and like centers. The Company has marked out a program under which private companies are to be absorbed.", "p": "1093", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Shanghai Real Estate Co., Ltd", "t": "The Shanghai Real Estate Company is another joint stock company organized under the law of the Reformed Government at Nanking. It is capitalized at ¥20,000,000, of which ¥15,000,000 is paid-up, contributed jointly by Chinese and Japanese investors. A major activity of the Company will be city planning and in connection with this the construction of ports, buying and selling, leasing and administering lands and houses, trusts, or real estate and related business. It has been decided that the area contained in a circle with a radius of fifteen kilometers having its center at the mouth of Soochow creek in Shanghai shall be the initial object of the Company's city planning for a greater Shanghai. The first areas within this circle that are being developed is the extensive district suurrounding the Civic Center which was planned by the former Chinese Government, and with this the adjacent port facilities along the Whangpoo River. Extensive tracts of privately owned land are being acquired by the Land Department of the Shanghai Municipal Government, former owners receiving obligations of the Company. Already not less than 906 applicaations have been made by Japanese industrialists to acquire land for their special uses.", "p": "1093", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Central China Municipal Bus Co., Ltd", "t": "This Company was formed in November, 1938 and is capitalized at ¥3,000,000 of which ¥1,528,000 is paid up. The purpose of the enterprise is the operation of urban omnibuses and motor vehicles for carrying passengers and freight in Central China. The present scope of the Company's business extends to the seven principal cities of Central China, Shanghai, Nanking, Hangchow, Soochow, Chinkiang, Wusih and Changchow. Services of this kind are being provided regularly to all of these cities except Wusih and Changchow. The mileage of the Company's traffic is 426 kilometers over which 102 omnibuses are operating. Motor lorry services are in process of being established.", "p": "1093", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Central China Aquatic Products Co., Ltd", "t": "The Central China Aquatic Products Company, Ltd. was established in November 1938 and is capitalized at ¥5,000,000 of which ¥3,165,000 is paid-up. The enterprise is devoted to the operation of a wholesale fish market, buying and selling fish of all kinds, at the same time engaging in the business of ice-making, cold warehousing, transportation of marine products and related businesses. In December, 1938, business done in the fish market reached the total of ¥1,130,000. About 59 per cent of this business is attributed to marine products obtained by Japanese vessels. The source of supply is in the fishing grounds in the neighborhood of Tsungming Island, the Chushan Islands and the waters of the islands to the north. The volume of business being done is said to surpass that of the Marche de l'Est in the French Concession. The present purpose of the Company is to enlarge the fish market at Shanghai, establish new markets in Nanking and in other centers, and to increase the number of fishing craft in operation.", "p": "1094", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Greater Shanghai Gas Co., Ltd", "t": "Capitalized at ¥3,000,000 of which ¥1,600,000 is paid up and represented by Chinese and Japanese investments, this company was established in December, 1938. The purpose of the business is the distribution or coal gas, the refinement and sale of by-products and operation of related businesses. The Company's first major project is the completion of a modern gas producing plant designed to serve the city that is being created.", "p": "1094", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Central China Railway Co., Ltd", "t": "This Company was established in April, 1939 and is capi- paid up. The Comapny is now engaged in constructing a link between Luchow and Tienkuan talized at ¥50,000,000 of which ¥19,715,000 is on the Wainan line. Consummation of the Wainan line will provide, in addition to transportation by water, another means by which to ship coal from the Wainan coal fields and from the Shanyuan coal yards. With the mines operating at full capacity, one-third or 700,000 tons, of the coal which is consumed annually in Shanghai is expected to be supplied by the Wainan mines in 1941. Furthermore, transportation facilities between Nanking and Pukou have been improved and hotel accommodations have been extended at Nanking, Chiahsing and Hangchow.", "p": "1094", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Wainan Coal Mines Co., Ltd", "t": "This Company, established in June, 1939, is capitalized at ¥15,000,000 of which ¥7,013,000 is paid-up. The purpose of the Company is the mining and sale of coal and related businesses.", "p": "1094", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Central China Salt Industry Co., Ltd", "t": "This Company was founded in August 1939, with a capital of ¥5,000,000 of which ¥1,250,000 is paid-up. The enterprise is devoted to buying, selling and exporting salt, and also to providing financial aid and technical help in the salt industry with the purpose of producing and refining salt.", "p": "1094", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" }, { "a": "China — Appendix: Affiliated Companies of the Central China Development Company", "s": "", "n": "Central China Silk-Reeling Industry Co., Ltd", "t": "This Company was established in August, 1938 and is capitalized at ¥10,000,000, of which ¥6,422,000 is paid up and contributed by Chinese and Japanese interests. The Company is engaging in the business of silk-reeling, production of silkworm eggs and general processes of the utilization of silk cocoons, buying and selling silk thread and related businesses. Up to the end of December, 1939 it accounted for seed production of 3,300,000 sheets of 100,000 piculs, and production of 22,000 piculs of silk threads.", "p": "1094", "l": "scan part 2, leaf 259", "u": "https://archive.org/details/far-east-year-book-1941/Far%20East%20Year%20Book%201941%20Part%202/page/n259/mode/1up" } ]