[ { "image": "p0024", "images": [ "p0024" ], "printed_pages": [ "20" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER I — From Feudalism to Capitalism", "table_no": null, "title": "[Ratio of Precious and Base Metals Before and After Re-minting in 1695]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "Before Re-minting — Gold", "Before Re-minting — Silver", "Before Re-minting — Other Metals", "After Re-minting — Gold", "After Re-minting — Silver", "After Re-minting — Other Metals" ], "rows": [ [ "Gold coin ...", "85.69", "14.25", "0.06", "56.41", "43.19", "0.40" ], [ "Silver coin ..", "", "80.0", "20.0", "", "64.0", "36.0" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 2 as printed", "Gold coin row sums: Before 85.69 + 14.25 + 0.06 = 100.00; After 56.41 + 43.19 + 0.40 = 100.00", "Silver coin row sums: Before 80.0 + 20.0 = 100.0; After 64.0 + 36.0 = 100.0", "Running head on p. 20 is 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN'" ], "chapter_as_read": "Chapter I. — From Feudalism to Capitalism", "id": "p0024_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n24/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0033", "images": [ "p0033", "p0034" ], "printed_pages": [ "29", "30" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER I — From Feudalism to Capitalism", "table_no": "I", "title": "Economic Statistics of Japan", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "1913", "1924", "Per cent Increase or Decrease 1913 to 1924" ], "rows": [ [ "1. Population (Japan proper).....", "53,362,682", "59,736,822", "11.9" ], [ "2. Index number of wholesale prices (Federal Reserve Board).....", "", "", "100.0" ], [ "3. State revenues and expenditures, yen...................", "1,295,609,000", "3,752,415,000", "189.6" ], [ " Revenues per capita, yen .....", "13.78", "35.97", "161.0" ], [ " Expenditures per capita, yen..", "10.95", "27.48", "150.9" ], [ "4. Money and Investment:", "", "", "" ], [ " Notes of Bank of Japan in circulation, yen (December) ..", "420,883,507", "1,625,898,249", "286.3" ], [ " Investment (paid-up capital of corporations and partnerships), yen ...............", "1,983,232,000", "10,849,328,000", "447.0" ], [ "5. Transportation:", "", "", "" ], [ " Railroad (mileage) State, municipal and private inclusive.", "6,539", "10,414", "59.2" ], [ " Marine", "", "", "" ], [ " Steamships, tons ...........", "1,528,264", "3,564,867", "133.2" ], [ " Sailing vessels, tons..........", "570,319", "1,262,534", "121.3" ], [ "6. Foreign Trade:", "", "", "" ], [ " Exports, yen.................", "656,173,566", "2,310,447,697", "252.1" ], [ " Imports, yen.................", "769,183,752", "2,627,936,038", "241.6" ], [ "7. Production, Farm:", "", "", "" ], [ " Cultivated land, acres ........", "14,248,452", "14,859,654", "04.2" ], [ " Rice, bushels .............", "257,280,940", "292,658,349", "13.7" ], [ " Barley and wheat, bushels ....", "128,236,069", "97,690,996", "23.3" ], [ " Total agricultural products, yen", "", "3,257,263,841", "" ], [ " Production per capita, yen....", "", "55.08", "" ], [ "8. Production, mines:", "", "", "" ], [ " Gold, momme (a) ...........", "1,477,050", "2,026,743", "37.2" ], [ " Copper, kin (b)............", "110,835,408", "105,093,487", "5.2" ], [ " Pig iron, metric tons ........", "56,972", "47,356", "16.7" ], [ " Steel, metric tons...........", "14,301", "27,885", "94.9" ], [ " Iron pyrites, kan (c) ........", "30,553,626", "58,788,189", "92.4" ], [ " Coal, metric tons............", "21,315,962", "30,110,826", "41.2" ], [ " Sulphur, metric tons ........", "59,448", "46,873", "" ], [ " Sulphur ores, metric tons .....", "", "51,709", "" ], [ " Petroleum, koku (d) .........", "1,693,582", "1,580,435", "" ], [ " Gas, cubic feet .............", "", "724,608,000", "" ], [ " Total mineral products, yen...", "146,848,792", "351,390,743", "139.2" ] ] }, { "label": "TABLE I—(Continued)", "columns": [ "", "1914", "1925", "Per cent Increase 1914 to 1925" ], "rows": [ [ "9. Production, Marine:", "", "", "" ], [ " Fishery products, raw, yen...", "73,723,004", "190,178,192", "157.9" ], [ " Fishery, manufactured, yen (1915)....................", "54,809,363", "202,036,166", "268.6" ], [ "10. Production, Manufacturing:", "", "", "" ], [ " Textile, yen ....................", "620,260,600", "3,215,299,633", "418.3" ], [ " Metal, yen ....................", "47,964,877", "421,350,131", "778.4" ], [ " Machine and tools, yen .....", "110,906,291", "458,569,513", "313.4" ], [ " Ceramic, yen ..............", "34,309,117", "181,324,006", "428.5" ], [ " Chemical, yen ..............", "175,848,699", "757,352,068", "330.6" ], [ " Wood board and wooden works, yen ..............", "27,943,245", "175,230,683", "527.0" ], [ " Printing and book binding, yen .....", "26,448,330", "163,733,308", "519.0" ], [ " Food and drinks, yen ......", "219,939,464", "1,097,104,449", "398.8" ], [ " Electrical and gas, yen......", "25,251,796", "108,214,421", "328.5" ], [ " Miscellaneous, yen..........", "46,872,456", "204,246,909", "335.7" ], [ " Wages, repairing and furnish- ing, yen ....................", "35,863,231", "247,233,643", "589.3" ], [ " Total, yen...................", "1,371,608,106", "7,029,658,854", "412.5" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Figures shown in italics denote decrease.", "Note: Items 1 and 7. The Bureau of Statistics, Imperial Cabinet of Japan. The 45th Teikoku Tokei Nenkan (Statistical Annual of Japan), 1926, p. 21.", "Items 2-6. The Institute for Commercial Research, The Kobe Higher Commercial School, The Third Annual Bulletin of Financial and Economic Statistics, 1926.", "8. Bureau of Mines, Department of Commerce and Industry, Japan, Honpo Kogyo-no Susei, 1924, pp. 50-54.", "9. Section of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Japan, The Statistical Abstract of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for 1925, p. 48 and p. 54.", "10. Section of Statistics, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Japan, Kojyo Tokei Hyo for 1925, p. 470.", "(a) Momme equals 0.12057 ounce, troy.", "(b) Kin equals 160 momme or one and one-third pounds avordupois.", "(c) Kan equals 1,000 momme or eight and one-third pounds.", "(d) Koku equals 47.9538 gallons." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Total for Item 10 (Production, Manufacturing) in 1914: sum of parts is 1,371,608,106, reconciles exactly with printed total.", "Total for Item 10 (Production, Manufacturing) in 1925: sum of parts is 7,029,658,764, which does not reconcile with printed total 7,029,658,854 (difference of 90). Figure entered as printed.", "Percentage increase for Total Manufacturing: (7,029,658,854 - 1,371,608,106) / 1,371,608,106 = 412.5%, matches printed 412.5.", "Rows: Part 1 (p. 29) has 34 rows as printed; Part 2 (p. 30) has 16 rows as printed." ], "chapter_as_read": "Chapter I. — From Feudalism to Capitalism", "id": "p0033_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n33/mode/1up" }, { "label": "scan leaf 34", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n34/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0038", "images": [ "p0038" ], "printed_pages": [ "34" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER II — Raw Materials and Labor", "table_no": null, "title": "Foreign Monopolies of Raw Materials", "caption_extra": "Quoted from “Foreign Control of Raw Materials,” The Index, September 1926, p. 6 (The New York Trust Company).", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Commodity", "Country", "Proportion Produced" ], "rows": [ [ "Rubber", "Great Britain", "55 per cent" ], [ "Coffee", "San Paulo, Brazil", "65 “ “" ], [ "Chilean Nitrate", "Chile", "100 “ “" ], [ "Iodine", "Chile", "80 “ “" ], [ "Potash", "Germany and France", "95 “ “" ], [ "Sisal", "Yucatan, Mexico", "75 “ “" ], [ "Silk", "Japan", "75 “ “" ], [ "Natural Camphor", "Japan", "95 “ “" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "The government-aided syndicate established in Japan to control silk export has been abolished and there is at present no direct control of this character." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 8 as printed", "Footnote 1 in text; ditto marks retained as printed (“ “)" ], "chapter_as_read": "Chapter II. — Raw Materials and Labor", "id": "p0038_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n38/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0039", "images": [ "p0039" ], "printed_pages": [ "35" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER II — Raw Materials and Labor", "table_no": null, "title": "[Coal Reserves in Japan, Korea and China]", "caption_extra": "Quoted from Berglund, Abraham, “Iron and Steel Industry of Japan and Japanese Continental Policies,” The Journal of Political Economy, vol. 30, October, 1922, pp. 623-654.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Country", "Actual Reserves in million tons — Grade A", "Actual Reserves in million tons — Grade B and C", "Actual Reserves in million tons — Grade D", "Probable Reserves in million tons — Grade A", "Probable Reserves in million tons — Grade B and C", "Probable Reserves in million tons — Grade D", "Total" ], "rows": [ [ "Japan .........", "5", "896", "67", "57", "6,234", "711", "7,970" ], [ "Korea ..........", "7", "1", "5", "33", "B. 4\nC. 9", "22", "81" ], [ "China proper ..", "8,883", "9,783", "", "378,581", "597,740", "600", "995,587" ], [ "Manchuria .....", "", "B. 31\nC. 378", "", "68", "B. 223\nC. 508", "", "1,208" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ In 1913, The International Geological Congress made an estimate of the coal reserves in the world. The report showing the coal reserves in Japan, Korea and China is quoted below." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 4 as printed (countries)", "Korea has Grade B and C broken down into B. 4 and C. 9; Manchuria has Grade B and C broken down into B. 31 and C. 378 (Actual) and B. 223 and C. 508 (Probable)", "All country totals reconcile exactly: Japan (5 + 896 + 67 + 57 + 6,234 + 711 = 7,970), Korea (7 + 1 + 5 + 33 + 4 + 9 + 22 = 81), China proper (8,883 + 9,783 + 378,581 + 597,740 + 600 = 995,587), Manchuria (31 + 378 + 68 + 223 + 508 = 1,208)" ], "chapter_as_read": "Chapter II. — Raw Materials and Labor", "id": "p0039_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n39/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0040", "images": [ "p0040" ], "printed_pages": [ "36" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER II — Raw Materials and Labor", "table_no": null, "title": "[Cost of Coal Consumed in the Production of Pig Iron and Steel]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "Value per ton", "Cost of coal consumed — U. S. A.", "Cost of coal consumed — Germany", "Cost of coal consumed — England", "Cost of coal consumed — Japan" ], "rows": [ [ "Pig Iron", "100 yen", "10 yen", "14 yen", "16 yen", "32 yen" ], [ "Steel", "200 \"", "15 \"", "21 \"", "24 \"", "48 \"" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Untitled small table printed in footnote 3 on page 36", "Rows: 2 as printed", "Columns reconcile with prices and coal consumption rates described in footnote text" ], "chapter_as_read": "LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN", "id": "p0040_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n40/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0043", "images": [ "p0043", "p0044" ], "printed_pages": [ "39", "40" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER II — Raw Materials and Labor", "table_no": "II", "title": "Importation of Raw Materials in 1925", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Articles", "Value in Yen", "Per cent of Total" ], "rows": [ [ "Total imports of all articles", "2,572,657,863", "" ], [ "Imports of raw materials", "1,492,745,000", "58.0" ], [ "Imports of finished articles to be used exclusively for material in manufacturing", "328,396,000", "12.8" ], [ "Food Stuffs:", "", "" ], [ " Wheat (materials for manufacturing flour)", "70,522,733", "" ], [ " Beans (for bean paste and shoyu sauce, etc.)", "53,032,488", "" ], [ " Raw sugar (no. 15 or under)", "71,980,068", "" ], [ "Animal Products:", "", "" ], [ " Leather", "16,983,585", "" ], [ " Animal hair", "2,589,371", "" ], [ " Animal oil", "5,941,693", "" ], [ " Bones, Ivory, Tortoise shell", "5,293,811", "" ], [ "Textile goods:", "", "" ], [ " Raw cotton", "923,355,361", "" ], [ " Ramie, Flax, Jute, etc.", "30,594,904", "" ], [ " Wool and woolen yarns", "176,996,642", "" ], [ " Goat and camel hair", "628,134", "" ], [ " Cocoons", "1,136,890", "" ], [ " Shangtong raw silk and artificial silk", "5,488,192", "" ], [ " Waste raw silk and cotton", "5,592,349", "" ], [ "Chemical Stuffs:", "", "" ], [ " Rubber", "34,045,310", "" ], [ " Pine resin", "3,195,414", "" ], [ " Caustic soda, raw", "3,819,853", "" ], [ " Nitric acid soda, raw", "5,172,389", "" ], [ " Sulphuric acid potassium, raw", "2,678,336", "" ], [ " Sulphuric acid ammonia", "33,184,692", "" ], [ "Mineral products:", "", "" ], [ " Coal", "24,526,008", "" ], [ " Iron ore, pig iron, etc.", "27,770,101", "" ], [ " Copper ores", "2,410,297", "" ], [ " Tin", "8,755,653", "" ], [ " Zinc", "10,396,852", "" ], [ " Lead", "16,358,959", "" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note: This table was constructed from the 45th Teikoku Tokei Nenkan. The above list does not represent all items of raw materials imported, but only selected items showing their relative importance to the Japanese industry." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table spans pages 39-40 (leaves p0043-p0044)", "Percentages reconcile: 1,492,745,000 / 2,572,657,863 = 58.0%, 328,396,000 / 2,572,657,863 = 12.8%", "As noted in the footnote, listed items are selected items rather than an exhaustive breakdown of raw material imports" ], "chapter_as_read": "RAW MATERIALS AND LABOR", "id": "p0043_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 43", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n43/mode/1up" }, { "label": "scan leaf 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n44/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0047", "images": [ "p0047" ], "printed_pages": [ "43" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER II — Raw Materials and Labor", "table_no": "III", "title": "The Production and Consumption of Pig Iron, Steel Ingots and Steel Materials (in Metric Tons)", "caption_extra": "Department of Commerce and Industry, \"Honpo Kogyo-no Susei\" for 1924, pp. 267-68.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "1915", "1920", "1924" ], "rows": [ [ "Pig Iron", "", "", "" ], [ " Production", "320,627", "529,875", "598,405" ], [ " Imports", "172,685", "390,298", "520,122" ], [ " Exports", "400", "2,514", "6,319" ], [ " Consumption", "492,912", "917,659", "1,112,208" ], [ " Production in per cent of consumption", "65", "58", "54" ], [ "Steel materials (sheet, rod, bar, wire, etc.)", "", "", "" ], [ " Production", "342,870", "537,461", "906,280" ], [ " Imports", "233,639", "1,039,452", "1,154,402" ], [ " Exports", "26,000", "97,382", "88,800" ], [ " Consumption", "550,509", "1,479,531", "1,971,882" ], [ " Production in per cent of consumption", "62", "36", "46" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 12 as printed (including section headers)", "Consumption rows reconcile: Production + Imports - Exports = Consumption for all years and both categories", "Percentages of consumption reconcile for all years and both categories" ], "chapter_as_read": "RAW MATERIALS AND LABOR", "id": "p0047_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 47", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n47/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0055", "images": [ "p0055" ], "printed_pages": [ "51" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER III — Resources of Industrial Capital", "table_no": "IV", "title": "Balance of Trade of Japan (in thousand yen)", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Year", "Commodities — Import Excess", "Commodities — Export Excess", "Invisible Balance of Trade — Excess of Receipts", "Invisible Balance of Trade — Excess of Payments", "Balance — Net Excess of Receipts", "Balance — Net Excess of Payments" ], "rows": [ [ "1914", "4,634", "", "", "3,000", "", "7,634" ], [ "1915", "", "175,857", "5,000", "", "180,857", "" ], [ "1916", "", "371,040", "", "161,000", "210,040", "" ], [ "1917", "", "567,193", "71,000", "", "638,193", "" ], [ "1918", "", "293,956", "69,000", "", "362,956", "" ], [ "1919", "74,587", "", "378,000", "", "303,413", "" ], [ "1920", "387,780", "", "195,000", "", "", "192,780" ], [ "1921", "361,317", "", "124,000", "", "", "237,317" ], [ "1922", "252,856", "", "26,000", "", "", "226,856" ], [ "1923", "534,479", "", "384,000", "", "", "150,479" ], [ "1924", "736,368", "", "407,000", "", "", "329,368" ], [ "1925", "267,068", "", "211,000", "", "", "56,068" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note: The invisible balance of trade was published for the first time in 1923 by the Department of Finance, Japan. The data prior to 1923 represent private calculations. Figures for 1914 to 1922 were adopted from the Economist (financial magazine, issued in Japan, text in Japanese), July 15, 1926, p. 27. Figures for 1923 to 1925 were adopted from “Quarterly Report of Financial and Economic Conditions in Japan,” November, 1926, and a report issued by the Financial Commission of the Japanese Government, New York. For more detailed discussion of this subject see S. Y. Furuya, Japan’s Foreign Exchange and her Balances of International Payments." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 12 as printed (years 1914-1925)", "All rows reconcile: Net Excess equals net commodities balance plus net invisible balance for every year" ], "chapter_as_read": "RESOURCES OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITAL", "id": "p0055_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 55", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n55/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0064", "images": [ "p0064" ], "printed_pages": [ "60" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER IV — Industrial Organization and Marketing", "table_no": "V", "title": "The Productivity of Labor in Cotton Mills in the United States and Japan in 1920", "caption_extra": "This table is based on figures appearing in Prof. Taussig’s article on “Labor Cost in the United States Compared with Costs Elsewhere,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 39, 1924-25, pp. 96-114.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Country", "Output per Day — Per Spinner — 20 counts yarn in pounds", "Output per Day — Per Weaver — Plain Loom Yds.", "Output per Day — Per Weaver — Automatic Loom Yds.", "Operating Capacity — Per Operator — Spindle", "Operating Capacity — Per Operator — Loom — Plain", "Operating Capacity — Per Operator — Loom — Automatic" ], "rows": [ [ "Japan", "104", "145", "", "240", "(b) 2", "" ], [ "America", "414", "450", "1,100", "(a) 1,000", "(c) 8-10", "20" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note: (a) With some assistance from one or more doffers.", "(b) In 1924 there were in Japan 377,392 looms for the weaving of cotton fabrics, 146,593 of which were hand looms.", "(c) In some factories where lower grades of fabrics are manufactured, a weaver can operate as many as forty to forty-five automatic looms. Draper Company, Hopedale, Mass., U. S. A., manufacturer of automatic looms, claims that the maximum efficiency is sixty looms per operator." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "No chapter heading on page (running head is book title 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN')", "Rows: 2 as printed", "No printed totals in source" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0064_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n64/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0084", "images": [ "p0084" ], "printed_pages": [ "80" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER V — Agrarian Movement and Food Problem", "table_no": "VI", "title": "The Number of Farmers Classified According to the Acreage of Cultivation", "caption_extra": "The 45th Teikoku Tokei Nenkan, 1926, p. 78, and the Statistical Abstract of The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 1925, p. 2.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Year", "Total Number of Families", "Under 1.225 Acres", "1.225 to 2.45 Acres", "2.45 to 5. Acres", "5 to 7.45 Acres", "7.45 to 12.25 Acres", "Over 12.25 Acres" ], "rows": [ [ "1913", "5,443,719", "2,002,524", "1,816,257", "1,079,468", "328,529", "149,808", "67,133" ], [ "1925", "5,548,599", "1,951,156", "1,877,185", "1,185,364", "322,850", "137,084", "74,960" ] ] }, { "label": "PER CENT", "columns": [ "Year", "Total Number of Families", "Under 1.225 Acres", "1.225 to 2.45 Acres", "2.45 to 5. Acres", "5 to 7.45 Acres", "7.45 to 12.25 Acres", "Over 12.25 Acres" ], "rows": [ [ "1913", "", "35.54", "33.30", "20.70", "6.33", "2.82", "1.31" ], [ "1925", "", "35.17", "33.84", "21.36", "5.81", "2.47", "1.35" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "No chapter heading on page (running head is book title 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN')", "Total Number of Families for 1913 (5,443,719) reconciles exactly with sum of categories (2,002,524 + 1,816,257 + 1,079,468 + 328,529 + 149,808 + 67,133 = 5,443,719)", "Total Number of Families for 1925 (5,548,599) reconciles exactly with sum of categories (1,951,156 + 1,877,185 + 1,185,364 + 322,850 + 137,084 + 74,960 = 5,548,599)", "Percentages for 1913 sum to 100.00%", "Percentages for 1925 sum to 100.00%" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0084_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 84", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n84/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0088", "images": [ "p0088" ], "printed_pages": [ "84" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER V — Agrarian Movement and Food Problem", "table_no": "VII", "title": "Household Income and Expenditures of Land Owner, Proprietor (Land Owner and Cultivator) and Farm Tenant in 1920", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": "Income", "columns": [ "Item", "Land owner (yen)", "Proprietor (yen)", "Tenant (yen)" ], "rows": [ [ "Rent from rice field of 25.16 acres", "3,827.68", "", "" ], [ "Rent from upland of 8.01 acres", "298.03", "", "" ], [ "Income from cultivating 1.78 acres", "587.22", "", "" ], [ "Barley, corn, tea and vegetables", "170.07", "", "" ], [ "Income from forest of 19.45 acres", "171.89", "", "" ], [ "Income from 5.14 acres land for proprietor; and 3.7 acres land for tenant.", "", "", "" ], [ "Rice", "", "1,122.80", "1,003.94" ], [ "Barley", "", "80.60", "64.34" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "", "272.17", "191.72" ], [ "Income from forest of 1.64 acres", "", "15.27", "" ], [ "Income from farm wages: 56 persons in aggregate", "", "", "56.24" ], [ "Total Income", "5,054.89", "1,490.84", "1,316.24" ], [ "Deficit", "", "181.63", "44.10" ], [ "", "5,054.89", "1,672.47", "1,360.34" ] ] }, { "label": "Expenditures", "columns": [ "Item", "Land owner — Family of 7", "Proprietor — Family of 7", "Tenant — Family of 6" ], "rows": [ [ "Food", "787.61", "539.05", "345.09" ], [ "Clothing", "420.51", "157.84", "51.54" ], [ "Shelter, light and fuel", "383.46", "114.25", "44.33" ], [ "Cost of production:", "", "", "" ], [ "Fertilizer and farm implements", "185.48", "235.87", "207.87" ], [ "Tax and charity", "1,326.60", "184.92", "30.50" ], [ "School expenses of children", "427.12", "29.18", "—" ], [ "Social", "241.89", "—", "—" ], [ "Domestic servants, two persons", "326.02", "—", "—" ], [ "Sake (a kind of wine made of rice)", "129.43", "74.59", "—" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "807.18", "271.47", "133.90" ], [ "Wages for farm labor", "", "65.30", "42.81" ], [ "Farm rent. Paddy field about 72.69 bushels and upland, 27.61 yen", "—", "—", "504.30" ], [ "Total expenditure", "5,035.30", "1,672.47", "1,360.34" ], [ "Surplus", "19.59", "", "" ], [ "", "5,054.89", "1,672.47", "1,360.34" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Cf. Kokumin Nenkan, 1923, pp. 365-66." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "No chapter heading on page (running head is book title 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN')", "Income section totals reconcile: Land owner Total Income (5,054.89) reconciles exactly with sum of 5 items; Proprietor Total Income (1,490.84) reconciles exactly with sum of 4 items; Tenant Total Income (1,316.24) reconciles exactly with sum of 4 items", "Balancing totals in Income reconcile: Land owner 5,054.89; Proprietor Total Income + Deficit = 1,490.84 + 181.63 = 1,672.47; Tenant Total Income + Deficit = 1,316.24 + 44.10 = 1,360.34", "Expenditure section totals reconcile: Land owner Total expenditure (5,035.30) reconciles exactly with sum of 10 items; Proprietor Total expenditure (1,672.47) reconciles exactly with sum of 9 items; Tenant Total expenditure (1,360.34) reconciles exactly with sum of 8 items", "Balancing totals in Expenditure reconcile: Land owner Total expenditure + Surplus = 5,035.30 + 19.59 = 5,054.89; Proprietor 1,672.47; Tenant 1,360.34" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0088_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 88", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n88/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0091", "images": [ "p0091" ], "printed_pages": [ "87" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER V — Agrarian Movement and Food Problem", "table_no": null, "title": "[Reduction of Farm Rent for Five-Year Average, 1913 and 1920]", "caption_extra": "These figures were computed from the data published in The Labor Year Book of Japan, 1925, p. 35.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": "For One Crop Land", "columns": [ "", "In Bushels — Contracted Farm Rent", "In Bushels — Five Year Average of Rent Actually Paid In", "Index Number — Contracted Farm Rent", "Index Number — Five Year Average of Rent Actually Paid In" ], "rows": [ [ "1913", "21.54", "18.78", "100", "86.9" ], [ "1920", "21.66", "20.55", "100", "94.8" ] ] }, { "label": "For Two Crop Land", "columns": [ "", "In Bushels — Contracted Farm Rent", "In Bushels — Five Year Average of Rent Actually Paid In", "Index Number — Contracted Farm Rent", "Index Number — Five Year Average of Rent Actually Paid In" ], "rows": [ [ "1913", "25.88", "24.23", "100", "93.6" ], [ "1920", "26.34", "25.22", "100", "95.7" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table set within footnote 1 on page 87", "Introductory text in footnote 1: '1 According to the investigation made by the Department of Agriculture and Commerce in 1913 and 1920, the reduction of farm rent for the five year average was as follows:'", "Footnotes 2 and 3 on page 87 are prose citations not part of this table", "No printed totals in source" ], "chapter_as_read": "AGRARIAN MOVEMENT AND FOOD PROBLEM", "id": "p0091_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n91/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0104", "images": [ "p0104" ], "printed_pages": [ "100" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VI — Population and Labor", "table_no": "VIII", "title": "[Distribution of Experienced and Inexperienced Workers in Six Industries]", "caption_extra": "Bureau of Social Affairs, Osaka, Kojio Rodo Koyo Kankei (Relation of employer and employee in factories), 1923, pp. 37-38.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industries", "Experienced in some industrial work (per cent)", "Inexperienced in any industrial work (per cent)" ], "rows": [ [ "Textile", "22", "78" ], [ "Machine and tools", "70", "30" ], [ "Chemical", "22", "78" ], [ "Food and drinks", "36", "64" ], [ "Electrical and gas, etc.", "54", "46" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "30", "70" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "No chapter heading on page (running head is book title 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN')", "Table VIII has no printed title line in source; bracketed title supplied from preceding text: 'The following table indicates the distribution of the workers both experienced and inexperienced in the six industries above referred to.'", "Footnote 1 printed at bottom of page refers to text paragraph preceding the table ('and miscellaneous.1'), not the table itself", "Each row percentages sum to 100", "No printed totals in source" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0104_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n104/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0106", "images": [ "p0106" ], "printed_pages": [ "102" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VI — Population and Labor", "table_no": "IX", "title": "Destinations of Discharged Workers in Coal Mines", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Coal Mines Date of Discharge", "Number of Miners Discharged", "Per cent of Discharged Workers Reemployed in — Agriculture", "Per cent of Discharged Workers Reemployed in — Other Mines", "Per cent of Discharged Workers Reemployed in — Commerce", "Per cent of Discharged Workers Reemployed in — Industries", "Per cent of Discharged Workers Reemployed in — Miscellaneous", "Per cent of Discharged Workers Reemployed in — Unemployed" ], "rows": [ [ "A coal mine in Kyushu, May, 1921", "552", "32", "17", "16", "4", "15", "16" ], [ "A coal mine in Hokkaido, April, 1921", "639", "38", "14", "17", "14", "17", "—" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note: Kyocho-kai, Sekitan Kogyo Rodo Jijyo (Labor Conditions in the Coal Mine Industry), 1922, p. 22." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 2 as printed", "Running head on p. 102 is book title 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN'; chapter 'Survey of Labor Conditions' reflects the running head on odd pages in this section.", "Super-heading 'Per cent of Discharged Workers Reemployed in' spans columns 3 to 8.", "No total row printed; percentage columns sum to 100 for Kyushu (32+17+16+4+15+16=100) and 100 for Hokkaido (38+14+17+14+17=100)." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0106_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n106/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0114", "images": [ "p0114" ], "printed_pages": [ "110" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "X", "title": "Workers in All Occupations", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industries", "Total population classified by occupations", "Number of Workers and Sources — Census estimate", "Number of Workers and Sources — Other sources" ], "rows": [ [ "Agriculture", "26,943,000", "9,020,000", "3,117,582" ], [ "Fishing", "1,492,000", "390,000", "789,236" ], [ "Mining", "1,021,000", "446,000", "308,178" ], [ "Industry", "10,865,000", "3,630,000", "1,987,295" ], [ "Free-workers (carpenters, masons, coolies, etc.)", "......", "......", "810,647" ], [ "Commerce", "7,646,000", "1,109,000", "1,109,000" ], [ "Forestry", "......", "......", "715,709" ], [ "Transportation", "2,516,000", "647,000", "......" ], [ "Railway system", "......", "......", "185,885" ], [ "Shipping", "......", "......", "492,396" ], [ "Rikisha coolies", "......", "......", "89,183" ], [ "Wagon drivers", "......", "......", "376,687" ], [ "Communication", "......", "......", "55,724" ], [ "Others", "......", "......", "26,738" ], [ "Civil works and free workers", "2,992,000", "263,000", "......" ], [ "Salt industry", "......", "......", "45,325" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "1,010,000", "465,000", "......" ], [ "Domestic employment", "68,000", "......", "......" ], [ "Non-occupational group", "1,296,000", "......", "......" ], [ "Total", "55,849,000", "15,970,000", "10,109,585" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Notes: These figures are quoted from Rodo Tokei Yoran (Brief Labor Statistics) issued by the Bureau of Statistics, Cabinet of Japan, 1926, pp. 1-4, 7-8.", "1. Reported by the Bureau of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Commerce, October 1, 1920.", "2. Ibid., December, 1920.", "3. Bureau of Social Affairs, December, 1924.", "4. Department of Home Affairs, December, 1922.", "5. Estimated from the Census figures, 1920.", "6. Bureau of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Commerce.", "7. Department of Railway, March, 1924.", "8. Department of Communication, December, 1924.", "9. Department of Home Affairs, December, 1923.", "10. Bureau of State Monopoly, Department of Finance, December, 1924." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 20 as printed (including Total row)", "Running head on p. 110 is book title 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN'; chapter 'Survey of Labor Conditions' reflects the running head on odd pages in this section.", "Spanner heading over columns 3-4 printed as 'Number of Workers and Sources:'.", "Footnote callouts 1 to 10 are attached to figures in column 'Other sources' in the printed table.", "Total row reconciles: Total population (55,849,000), Census estimate (15,970,000), and Other sources (10,109,585) all add up exactly." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0114_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 114", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n114/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0115", "images": [ "p0115" ], "printed_pages": [ "111" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XI", "title": "Number of Workers in Factories, Mines, Transportation and Other Industries at the End of December, 1926", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industries", "Men", "Women", "Total" ], "rows": [ [ "Factory:", "", "", "" ], [ "State owned industry", "102,419", "30,033", "132,452" ], [ "Industries owned by municipal and other public bodies", "6,595", "4,231", "10,826" ], [ "Private industry", "941,343", "1,013,425", "1,954,768" ], [ "Total factory workers", "1,050,357", "1,047,689", "2,098,046" ], [ "Mining", "226,313", "70,853", "297,166" ], [ "Transportation", "385,710", "24,713", "410,423" ], [ "Casual workers and others", "1,437,840", "398,206", "1,836,046" ], [ "Grand total", "3,100,220", "1,541,461", "4,641,681" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Reported by Bureau of Social Affairs. Cf. Labor Gazette, vol. iv, April, 1927." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 9 as printed (including group header 'Factory:', intermediate total 'Total factory workers', and 'Grand total')", "Running head on p. 111 is 'SURVEY OF LABOR CONDITIONS'.", "Total factory workers row reconciles: 102,419 + 6,595 + 941,343 = 1,050,357 (Men); 30,033 + 4,231 + 1,013,425 = 1,047,689 (Women); 132,452 + 10,826 + 1,954,768 = 2,098,046 (Total).", "Grand total row reconciles: 1,050,357 + 226,313 + 385,710 + 1,437,840 = 3,100,220 (Men); 1,047,689 + 70,853 + 24,713 + 398,206 = 1,541,461 (Women); 2,098,046 + 297,166 + 410,423 + 1,836,046 = 4,641,681 (Total).", "Footnotes 1 to 3 printed at bottom of page belong to running prose preceding Table XI." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0115_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 115", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n115/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0116", "images": [ "p0116" ], "printed_pages": [ "112" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XII", "title": "Number of Workers Under the Control of Factory Act, October, 1926", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Factories employing ten or more persons — Number of factories", "Factories employing ten or more persons — Number of workers", "Factories employing less than ten persons, where workers are engaged in work of hazardous nature — Number of factories", "Factories employing less than ten persons, where workers are engaged in work of hazardous nature — Number of workers", "Total — Number of factories", "Total — Number of workers" ], "rows": [ [ "27,624", "1,623,441", "21,725", "80,096", "49,349", "1,703,537" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Labor Gazette, vol. iv, April, 1926, pp. 26-27." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 1 as printed (no stub label column; all columns are data categories)", "Running head on p. 112 is book title 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN'; chapter 'Survey of Labor Conditions' reflects the running head on odd pages in this section.", "Section headings on page: 'NUMBER OF WORKERS UNDER THE CONTROL OF FACTORY ACT' and 'NUMBER OF WORKERS IN DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF INDUSTRY'.", "Total reconciles: 27,624 + 21,725 = 49,349 (factories); 1,623,441 + 80,096 = 1,703,537 (workers).", "Footnote printed at bottom of page belongs to running prose." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0116_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n116/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0117", "images": [ "p0117" ], "printed_pages": [ "113" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XIII", "title": "Number of Workers Classified According to Industries (December, 1925)", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industry", "Men", "Women", "Total", "Per cent" ], "rows": [ [ "Textile", "181,032", "791,599", "972,631", "53.8" ], [ "Metal", "85,181", "7,948", "93,129", "5.1" ], [ "Machine and tools", "212,502", "11,675", "224,177", "12.4" ], [ "Ceramic", "53,265", "11,332", "64,597", "3.6" ], [ "Chemical", "67,678", "37,132", "104,810", "5.8" ], [ "Wood boards and wooden works", "43,401", "5,414", "48,815", "2.7" ], [ "Printing and book binding", "41,838", "8,216", "50,054", "2.8" ], [ "Food and drinks", "123,458", "47,190", "170,648", "9.4" ], [ "Gas and electric", "6,296", "79", "6,375", "0.4" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "37,903", "35,242", "73,145", "4.0" ], [ "Total workers", "852,554", "955,827", "1,808,381", "100.0" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "These figures are based on reports of factories employing more than five persons. Section of Statistics, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Japan. Kojyo Tokei Hyo (Factory Statistics) for 1925, issued March, 1927, pp. 25-31." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 11 as printed (including Total workers row)", "Running head on p. 113 is 'SURVEY OF LABOR CONDITIONS'.", "Total workers row reconciles: sum of Men is 852,554; sum of Women is 955,827; sum of Total is 1,808,381; sum of Per cent is 100.0.", "Row totals reconcile: Men + Women = Total for each row, and 852,554 + 955,827 = 1,808,381.", "Footnote 1 printed at bottom of page belongs to running prose." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0117_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 117", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n117/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0118", "images": [ "p0118" ], "printed_pages": [ "114" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XIV", "title": "Number of Workers Classified According to the Size of Industries, December, 1925", "caption_extra": "This Table was constructed from Tables 2-9 in Kojyo Tokei Hyo for 1925 issued by Section of Statistics, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Japan. Figures are based on reports of factories employing more than five persons.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Factories Employing between (persons)", "Textile", "Metal", "Machine and Tools", "Ceramic", "Chemical", "Wood Wk. and Wooden Boards", "Printing and Book Binding", "Food and Drinks", "Gas and Electrical", "Miscellaneous", "Total" ], "rows": [ [ "5- 9", "46,380", "10,025", "12,736", "8,121", "5,938", "13,419", "6,827", "38,984", "1,100", "13,657", "157,187" ], [ "10- 14", "34,437", "6,370", "7,779", "4,410", "5,112", "5,588", "4,445", "23,148", "694", "7,863", "99,846" ], [ "15- 29", "63,409", "10,388", "13,693", "7,945", "11,014", "9,972", "6,941", "29,329", "1,137", "12,242", "166,070" ], [ "30- 49", "61,201", "6,695", "11,170", "7,340", "9,945", "7,015", "6,719", "13,572", "825", "8,140", "132,622" ], [ "50- 99", "93,232", "7,103", "13,059", "8,083", "14,534", "6,031", "7,020", "12,722", "535", "9,980", "172,299" ], [ "100- 499", "235,192", "16,363", "37,681", "16,299", "35,368", "6,790", "11,804", "21,679", "2,084", "12,585", "395,845" ], [ "500- 999", "134,812", "6,246", "21,860", "6,911", "11,984", "....", "1,143", "8,680", "....", "2,336", "193,972" ], [ "over 1000", "303,968", "29,939", "106,199", "5,488", "10,915", "....", "5,155", "22,534", "....", "6,342", "490,540" ], [ "Total", "972,631", "93,129", "224,177", "64,597", "104,810", "48,815", "50,054", "170,648", "6,375", "73,145", "1,808,381" ] ] }, { "label": "Per Cent", "columns": [ "Factories Employing between (persons)", "Textile", "Metal", "Machine and Tools", "Ceramic", "Chemical", "Wood Wk. and Wooden Boards", "Printing and Book Binding", "Food and Drinks", "Gas and Electrical", "Miscellaneous", "Total" ], "rows": [ [ "5- 9", "4.77", "10.76", "5.68", "12.58", "5.67", "27.49", "13.64", "22.85", "17.26", "18.68", "8.69" ], [ "10- 14", "3.54", "6.84", "3.47", "6.82", "4.88", "11.45", "8.88", "13.56", "10.88", "10.74", "5.53" ], [ "15- 29", "6.52", "11.16", "6.10", "12.29", "10.50", "20.43", "13.87", "17.19", "17.83", "16.74", "9.19" ], [ "30- 49", "6.29", "7.18", "4.98", "11.37", "9.49", "14.38", "13.42", "7.96", "12.95", "11.13", "7.34" ], [ "50- 99", "9.58", "7.63", "5.83", "12.52", "13.86", "12.35", "14.03", "7.46", "8.39", "13.64", "9.52" ], [ "100- 499", "24.18", "17.57", "16.81", "25.24", "33.75", "13.90", "23.59", "12.70", "32.69", "17.21", "21.88" ], [ "500- 999", "13.87", "6.71", "9.75", "10.69", "11.43", "....", "2.28", "5.08", "....", "3.19", "10.73" ], [ "over 1000", "31.25", "32.15", "47.38", "8.49", "10.42", "....", "10.29", "13.20", "....", "8.67", "27.12" ], [ "", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Part 1 row and column totals reconcile.", "Part 2 column percentage sums reconcile to 100.0." ], "chapter_as_read": "SURVEY OF LABOR CONDITIONS", "id": "p0118_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 118", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n118/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0120", "images": [ "p0120" ], "printed_pages": [ "116" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XV", "title": "The Number of Child Laborers in Factories in 1925 and in Mines and Transportation in 1924", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industries", "Workers under 16 years of age — Boys", "Workers under 16 years of age — Girls", "Workers under 16 years of age — Total" ], "rows": [ [ "1. Factories", "", "", "" ], [ "Textile", "13,095", "199,784", "212,879" ], [ "Metal", "1,778", "642", "2,420" ], [ "Machine and tools", "6,673", "1,087", "7,760" ], [ "Ceramic", "4,034", "992", "5,026" ], [ "Chemical", "2,622", "5,152", "7,774" ], [ "Wood board and wooden works", "2,223", "420", "2,643" ], [ "Printing and book binding", "4,148", "1,741", "5,889" ], [ "Food and drinks", "2,452", "7,650", "10,102" ], [ "Gas and electrical", "20", "....", "20" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "2,808", "5,811", "8,619" ], [ "Total for 1925", "39,853", "223,279", "263,132" ], [ "1924", "43,410", "220,907", "264,317" ], [ "1923", "44,478", "224,481", "268,959" ], [ "1922", "51,904", "233,251", "285,155" ], [ "1921", "62,016", "240,224", "302,240" ] ] }, { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "Under 14 years of age — Boys", "Under 14 years of age — Girls", "Between 14-15 years of age — Boys", "Between 14-15 years of age — Girls", "Total" ], "rows": [ [ "2. Mines, 1924", "365", "204", "1,676", "1,004", "3,249" ] ] }, { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "Total" ], "rows": [ [ "3. Transportation", "27,000" ], [ "Total child workers in factories, mines and transportation in 1924", "294,566" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "1. Kojyo Tokei Hyo, 1926, pp. 27-31.", "2. Honpo Kogyo-no Susei, 1924, p. 269.", "3. Nippon Rodo Nenkan, 1926, p. 17. The figure represents an estimated number based on the First Census of Labor taken in 1925." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Part 1 Total for 1925 reconciles for both rows and columns.", "Part 1 yearly totals (1921-1924) reconcile across rows.", "Part 2 Mines total row reconciles across columns.", "Combined grand total for 1924 (Factories 264,317 + Mines 3,249 + Transportation 27,000 = 294,566) reconciles exactly." ], "chapter_as_read": "SURVEY OF LABOR CONDITIONS", "id": "p0120_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 120", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n120/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0123", "images": [ "p0123" ], "printed_pages": [ "119" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XVI", "title": "Number of Women Workers in Factories Employing More Than Five Persons in 1925", "caption_extra": "Kojyo Tokei Hyo, 1925, pp. 25-31.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industry", "Women over 16 years of age", "Women under 16 years of age", "Total women", "Total men", "Per cent of women" ], "rows": [ [ "Textile", "591,815", "199,784", "791,599", "181,032", "81.3" ], [ "Metal", "7,306", "642", "7,948", "85,181", "8.5" ], [ "Machine and tools", "10,588", "1,087", "11,675", "212,502", "5.2" ], [ "Ceramic", "10,340", "992", "11,332", "53,265", "17.5" ], [ "Chemical", "31,980", "5,152", "37,132", "67,678", "35.4" ], [ "Wood board and wooden works", "4,994", "420", "5,414", "43,401", "11.0" ], [ "Printing and book binding", "6,475", "1,741", "8,216", "41,838", "16.5" ], [ "Food and drinks", "39,540", "7,650", "47,190", "123,458", "27.6" ], [ "Gas and electrical", "79", "....", "79", "6,296", "1.2" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "29,431", "5,811", "35,242", "37,903", "48.2" ], [ "Total", "732,548", "223,279", "955,827", "852,554", "52.9" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Total row reconciles for all columns.", "Total women = Women over 16 + Women under 16 reconciles across all rows.", "Per cent of women = Total women / (Total women + Total men) reconciles with printed figures." ], "chapter_as_read": "SURVEY OF LABOR CONDITIONS", "id": "p0123_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 123", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n123/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0125", "images": [ "p0125" ], "printed_pages": [ "121" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XVII", "title": "[Number of Factory Dormitories and Workers in Them, 1925]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industries", "No. of factories", "No. of dormitories", "No. of Work People — Male — Total", "No. of Work People — Male — In dormitories", "No. of Work People — Female — Total", "No. of Work People — Female — In dormitories" ], "rows": [ [ "Textile and dyeing", "8,998", "5,931", "177,960", "58,705", "780,733", "524,202" ], [ "Machine and tools", "2,651", "1,330", "180,173", "6,964", "15,335", "127" ], [ "Chemical", "2,493", "910", "109,829", "11,902", "44,701", "2,169" ], [ "Food and drinks", "1,638", "1,056", "46,924", "19,742", "15,304", "1,542" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "2,869", "574", "80,422", "4,472", "31,606", "1,542" ], [ "Special trades", "132", "29", "9,837", "284", "339", "6" ], [ "Grand total", "18,781", "9,830", "605,145", "102,069", "888,018", "529,588" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Shakai Seisaku Jiho, no. 83, p. 211." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table is untitled in original; title supplied in square brackets.", "Grand total reconciles for all columns.", "Footnote 1 is printed at the foot of page 121, referencing the prose sentence introducing Table XVII." ], "chapter_as_read": "SURVEY OF LABOR CONDITIONS", "id": "p0125_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 125", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n125/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0132", "images": [ "p0132" ], "printed_pages": [ "128" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": null, "title": "[Kinds of Demands and Number of Workers Demanding]", "caption_extra": "Labor Gazette, vol. iv, no. 3 March, 1927, pp. 67-68.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Kinds of Demands", "No. of Workers Demanding" ], "rows": [ [ "Concerning Labor Conditions :", "" ], [ "Shorter hours of work", "48" ], [ "Longer time to be given for eating", "21" ], [ "Increase of wages", "139" ], [ "Wage payment at a regular date", "39" ], [ "Lighter penalty in regard to spoiled work", "23" ], [ "Freedom in going out on rest days", "72" ], [ "Employers should not object to workers' going home when parents or members of the family are sick", "35" ], [ "Concerning Dormitory Equipment :", "" ], [ "Closet in room", "47" ], [ "Careful delivery of letters addressed to girl workers", "20" ], [ "Enforcement of discipline in the factory", "34" ], [ "Concerning Education and Culture:", "" ], [ "Supplementary education", "159" ], [ "Lectures on religion and culture", "25" ], [ "Study of etiquette", "95" ], [ "Instruction in sewing", "60" ], [ "Concerning Welfare Work:", "" ], [ "Factory to provide equipment for exercise", "54" ], [ "Factory to install some means of amusement", "23" ], [ "Factory to provide operating clothing for workers", "26" ], [ "Concerning Sanitation and Health:", "" ], [ "Cleanliness of the dining room", "92" ], [ "Cleanliness of the kitchen", "80" ], [ "Cleanliness of dishes and kitchen utensils", "56" ], [ "Extermination of mice in the rooms", "34" ], [ "Concerning Superintendents and Officers:", "" ], [ "Fairness", "88" ], [ "Kindness", "85" ], [ "Correct with kindness any short-comings of girl workers", "52" ], [ "Understand girl workers better", "49" ], [ "Officers should be more disciplined", "69" ], [ "Listen to the demands of workers promptly", "52" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table is unnumbered and untitled in original; title supplied in square brackets.", "No total row printed in original.", "Source citation printed at foot of table." ], "chapter_as_read": "SURVEY OF LABOR CONDITIONS", "id": "p0132_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 132", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n132/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0137", "images": [ "p0137", "p0138" ], "printed_pages": [ "133", "134" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XVIII", "title": "Number of Persons Unemployed", "caption_extra": "The 45th Tokei Nenkan, 1926, pp. 412-15.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": "I. NUMBER OF PERSONS UNEMPLOYED", "columns": [ "Classes", "Men — (Actual number)", "Women — (Actual number)", "Total — (Actual number)", "Men — (In per cent)", "Women — (In per cent)", "Total — (In per cent)" ], "rows": [ [ "Salaried", "18,410", "986", "19,396", "3.28", "1.80", "3.15" ], [ "Manual workers", "42,420", "3,858", "46,278", "3.82", "0.91", "3.02" ], [ "Casual workers", "38,231", "1,707", "39,938", "19.31", "20.66", "19.36" ], [ "Total", "99,061", "6,551", "105,612", "5.30", "1.35", "4.48" ] ] }, { "label": "II. UNEMPLOYED PERSONS CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIES", "columns": [ "Industry", "Salaried", "Manual workers", "Total", "Casual workers" ], "rows": [ [ "Agriculture", "74", "411", "485", "" ], [ "Marine", "34", "103", "137", "" ], [ "Mining", "230", "539", "769", "" ], [ "Industries (manufacturing)", "4,241", "29,389", "33,630", "" ], [ "Commercial", "6,652", "5,581", "12,233", "" ], [ "Transportation", "2,596", "6,485", "9,081", "" ], [ "Civil service", "5,469", "2,588", "8,057", "" ], [ "Domestic servants", "38", "581", "619", "" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "62", "590", "652", "" ], [ "Unknown", "—", "11", "11", "" ], [ "Total", "19,396", "46,278", "65,674", "39,938" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ The Japanese Diet, at its 1924-25 Session, voted an appropriation of 150,000 yen for the Unemployment Census, and an Imperial Decree was issued on March 22, 1925. See Iwao F. Ayusawa, op. cit., p. 63. According to the census, the term \"unemployment\" meant manual or salaried workers who, having the will and willingness to work, were unable to get employment. Accordingly, the following class of people were excluded from the figures of unemployment: Infirm people, persons incapable of working through illness, persons not willing to work, persons working for themselves, workers involved in strikes and lockouts. Cf. Bureau of Statistics, Government of Japan, Shitsogyo Tokei Chosa Sokuho (Brief Report of Unemployment Census)." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Part I: Total row reconciles for actual numbers (columns: 18,410 + 42,420 + 38,231 = 99,061; 986 + 3,858 + 1,707 = 6,551; 19,396 + 46,278 + 39,938 = 105,612; rows: 18,410 + 986 = 19,396; 42,420 + 3,858 = 46,278; 38,231 + 1,707 = 39,938; 99,061 + 6,551 = 105,612).", "Part II: Total row reconciles (columns: 74 + 34 + 230 + 4,241 + 6,652 + 2,596 + 5,469 + 38 + 62 = 19,396; 411 + 103 + 539 + 29,389 + 5,581 + 6,485 + 2,588 + 581 + 590 + 11 = 46,278; 485 + 137 + 769 + 33,630 + 12,233 + 9,081 + 8,057 + 619 + 652 + 11 = 65,674; Casual workers total printed is 39,938; 65,674 + 39,938 = 105,612; rows all reconcile)." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0137_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 137", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n137/mode/1up" }, { "label": "scan leaf 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n138/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0139", "images": [ "p0139" ], "printed_pages": [ "135" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XIX", "title": "Per Cent of Unemployed Among School Graduates in 1925", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Class of school", "Number of graduates", "Per cent of unemployed" ], "rows": [ [ "Daigakko (universities)", "4,498", "40.6" ], [ "Senmongakko (technical and professional colleges)´", "6,774", "46.8" ], [ "Chuto Jitsugyo Gakko (technical schools)", "6,215", "13.4" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note: Reported by the Bureau of Social Affairs, City of Tokio. See Japan Labor Year Book, 1926, pp. 44-45." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 3 as printed; no total row printed." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0139_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n139/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0139", "images": [ "p0139" ], "printed_pages": [ "135" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VII — Survey of Labor Conditions", "table_no": "XX", "title": "Unemployment of School Graduates in Osaka and Its Environs, 1923-1925", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Class of School", "Number of Graduates — 1923", "Number of Graduates — 1924", "Number of Graduates — 1925", "Unemployed — 1923", "Unemployed — 1924", "Unemployed — 1925" ], "rows": [ [ "Jitsugyo Gakko (technical schools)", "1,272", "1,488", "1,716", "352", "418", "348" ], [ "Senmon Gakko (technical and professional colleges)", "423", "746", "696", "79", "201", "188" ], [ "Daigakko (universities)", "80", "103", "143", "0", "1", "27" ], [ "Total", "1,775", "2,337", "2,555", "431", "620", "563" ], [ "Per cent of unemployment", "", "", "", "24.3", "26.5", "22.0" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note: Adapted from Economist, December 1, 1926. The report included chugakko (corresponding to American high school), but many graduates of chugakko do not seek employment at once. They enter schools of higher learning, serve their military training, or stay at home for some time. Accordingly, this class was omitted from this table, thereby reducing the per cent of unemployment almost one-half." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Total row reconciles for all columns (Graduates 1923: 1,272 + 423 + 80 = 1,775; Graduates 1924: 1,488 + 746 + 103 = 2,337; Graduates 1925: 1,716 + 696 + 143 = 2,555; Unemployed 1923: 352 + 79 + 0 = 431; Unemployed 1924: 418 + 201 + 1 = 620; Unemployed 1925: 348 + 188 + 27 = 563).", "Per cent of unemployment row calculates to 431 / 1,775 = 24.3%, 620 / 2,337 = 26.5%, 563 / 2,555 = 22.0%." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0139_2", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n139/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0143", "images": [ "p0143" ], "printed_pages": [ "[?]" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VIII — Wages and the Cost of Living", "table_no": "XXI", "title": "Daily Income (Wages and Bonuses Included) for Workers in Indu[?] Transportation and Mines in Japan for March, 1927", "caption_extra": "Quoted from Bureau of Statistics, Imperial Cabinet of Japan, Chingin Bukka Tokei Geppo (M[?] and Prices), no. 22, June, 1927.", "continued": false, "hard": true, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industries", "Reporting Factories or Establishments", "Average for Men and Women", "Men — Average", "Men — Under 16 years of age", "Men — Over 16 years of age" ], "rows": [ [ "All industries", "211", "203.8", "271.3", "110.9", "276.3" ], [ "Ceramic", "13", "221.0", "235.2", "118.6", "242.7" ], [ "China ware", "6", "169.6", "184.5", "....", "184.5" ], [ "Glass", "5", "231.3", "244.1", "119.7", "255.8" ], [ "Metal", "20", "347.9", "356.9", "109.9", "359.1" ], [ "Refining", "3", "318.0", "320.1", "103.4", "321.6" ], [ "Rolling", "7", "344.3", "348.6", "108.6", "349.7" ], [ "Moulding", "4", "438.2", "449.6", "172.7", "450.8" ], [ "Machine and Tools", "38", "300.7", "307.9", "95.3", "313.2" ], [ "Electric motor and electric machines", "13", "278.1", "303.7", "90.5", "307.0" ], [ "Spinning and weaving", "4", "288.7", "319.6", "133.4", "328.3" ], [ "Engines, Electric cars and coaches", "2", "532.6", "537.2", "....", "537.2" ], [ "Ship building", "11", "291.9", "294.4", "94.3", "300.7" ], [ "Chemical", "20", "176.8", "232.6", "90.9", "234.8" ], [ "Medical drugs", "2", "171.8", "223.6", "72.8", "225.6" ], [ "Soap mfg", "2", "136.6", "187.2", "77.6", "191.6" ], [ "Match mfg", "3", "105.4", "189.5", "76.1", "198.4" ], [ "Oil and Wax", "2", "223.4", "232.7", "....", "232.7" ], [ "Rubber articles", "4", "217.5", "270.2", "131.4", "271.8" ], [ "Textile", "63", "122.9", "169.7", "129.6", "172.4" ], [ "Raw silk reeling", "6", "70.2", "92.9", "47.5", "101.1" ], [ "Cotton whipping", "2", "112.7", "135.9", "72.6", "143.0" ], [ "Cotton spinning", "19", "124.2", "159.9", "146.9", "161.1" ], [ "Silk weaving", "7", "115.3", "171.7", "76.3", "175.6" ], [ "Cotton weaving", "3", "121.0", "147.5", "82.5", "147.9" ], [ "Hosiery", "5", "146.4", "124.1", "91.7", "238.1" ], [ "Paper", "8", "167.2", "190.6", "124.9", "191.2" ], [ "Food and Drinks", "23", "178.4", "212.0", "112.1", "212.4" ], [ "Flour mill", "2", "203.7", "244.3", "....", "244.3" ], [ "Confectionery", "3", "88.6", "117 9", "....", "117.9" ], [ "Sugar refining", "4", "216 6", "227.6", "119.7", "227.9" ], [ "Canning", "4", "109.8", "151.0", "....", "151.0" ], [ "Tailor, underware and shoe mfg", "4", "129.4", "184.9", "97.1", "214.9" ], [ "Building trade", "1", "339.5", "358.6", "....", "358.6" ], [ "Printing and book binding", "5", "259.1", "284.7", "84.2", "302.2" ], [ "Gas and Electrical", "7", "232.4", "235.6", "59.3", "236.1" ], [ "Transportation and Communication", "178", "169.2", "187.8", "110.9", "188.2" ], [ "Communication", "5", "110.6", "141.5", "112.4", "142.1" ], [ "Telephone operators", "..", "91.2", "....", "....", "...." ], [ "Post men", "..", "173.8", "174.5", "111.5", "175.8" ], [ "Transportation", "173", "193.0", "194.9", "109.7", "195.2" ], [ "Railway", "5", "197.7", "199.6", "86.9", "199.7" ], [ "Electric car", "6", "198.1", "201.3", "104.4", "202.0" ], [ "Sea", "155", "175.0", "175.0", "144.6", "175.0" ], [ "Mining", "28", "166.5", "174.5", "110.6", "175.8" ], [ "Metal mines", "3", "145.2", "155.6", "71.8", "161.7" ], [ "Coal mines", "25", "166.8", "174.8", "113.0", "176.0" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Wages for workers in industries and transportation represent Kinki district or the central part [?] Osaka and Kyoto. This is the largest industrial center of Japan. Wages for miners represent Fu[?] Island. This is one of the largest mining districts in Japan. Wages for the building trade repres[?]" ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Right edge of table is cropped in scan: the title is clipped at 'INDU', source note at '(M', and footnote lines at right edge.", "A 7th column with header 'Av' is partially clipped at the right margin; only complete columns 1-6 are transcribed.", "Row 30 Confectionery has '117 9' and row 31 Sugar refining has '216 6' as printed with space instead of decimal point.", "No total row printed; row 1 is 'All industries'." ], "chapter_as_read": "Survey of Labor Conditions", "id": "p0143_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n143/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0147", "images": [ "p0147" ], "printed_pages": [ "141" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VIII — Wages and the Cost of Living", "table_no": "XXII", "title": "Number of Factories Giving Bonuses in Kind", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": "I. NUMBER OF FACTORIES GIVING BONUSES IN KIND\nOCTOBER 1, 1924", "columns": [ "Industry", "Number of Factories Investigated", "Number ef Factories Giving Bonuses in Kind", "Per Cent" ], "rows": [ [ "Textile", "141", "104", "73.76" ], [ "Machine and Tools", "238", "56", "23.53" ], [ "Chemical", "219", "139", "63.47" ], [ "Food and Drinks", "25", "21", "84.00" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "164", "43", "26.22" ], [ "Special", "11", "4", "36.36" ], [ "Total", "798", "367", "45.99" ] ] }, { "label": "II. TYPES AND VALUE OF BONUSES GIVEN IN KIND", "columns": [ "Types of Bonuses", "Number of Factories", "Number of Workers Receiving Bonuses", "Estimated Value of Bonus per Worker (per month) — Yen" ], "rows": [ [ "Free Meal", "274", "38,903", "4.32" ], [ "Rice", "20", "3,476", "2.15" ], [ "Clothing", "86", "1,839", "3.59" ], [ "Dormitory", "276", "35,875", "2.50" ], [ "Houses", "103", "4,664", "9.68" ], [ "Total", "759", "84,757", "3.73" ] ] }, { "label": "III. THE ESTIMATED VALUE OF BONUSES PER WORKER IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES", "columns": [ "Industry", "Number of Factories", "Cost of Articles Purchased and the Estimated Amount of Rent (yen)", "Monthly Payment by Workers (yen)", "Number of Workers", "Actual Amount of Bonuses (yen)", "Monthly Bonus per Worker (yen)" ], "rows": [ [ "Textile", "268", "430,053.31", "195,979.50", "72,583", "234,073.81", "3.22" ], [ "Machine and Tools.", "94", "29,059.82", "12,617.11", "2,198", "16,442.71", "7.48" ], [ "Chemical", "267", "60,151.01", "13,215.78", "6,950", "46,935.23", "6.75" ], [ "Food and Drinks", "46", "12,934.09", "2,412.58", "1,513", "10,521.51", "6.95" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "77", "11,417.71", "3,986.76", "1,401", "7,430.95", "5.30" ], [ "Special", "7", "770.90", "288.50", "112", "482.40", "4.31" ], [ "Total", "759", "544,586.84", "228,500.23", "84,757", "315,886.61", "3.73" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Part I: Total row reconciles for all columns (141 + 238 + 219 + 25 + 164 + 11 = 798; 104 + 56 + 139 + 21 + 43 + 4 = 367; 367 / 798 = 45.99%).", "Part II: Total row reconciles (274 + 20 + 86 + 276 + 103 = 759; 38,903 + 3,476 + 1,839 + 35,875 + 4,664 = 84,757; weighted average matches 3.73).", "Part III: Cost of Articles Purchased column does NOT reconcile: row sum is 430,053.31 + 29,059.82 + 60,151.01 + 12,934.09 + 11,417.71 + 770.90 = 544,386.84, but printed total is 544,586.84 (discrepancy of 200.00).", "Part III: Other columns reconcile (Number of Factories sums to 759; Monthly Payment sums to 228,500.23; Number of Workers sums to 84,757; Actual Amount of Bonuses sums to 315,886.61; Monthly Bonus per Worker total is 3.73)." ], "chapter_as_read": "Wages and the Cost of Living", "id": "p0147_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 147", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n147/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0151", "images": [ "p0151" ], "printed_pages": [ "145" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VIII — Wages and the Cost of Living", "table_no": "XXIII", "title": "Wage Scales and Wholesale Price Level", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Year", "Wages (1) — 1900, =100", "Prices (2) — 1900, July=100", "Wages (3) — 1914 =100", "Prices (4) — 1914, July=100", "Wages (5) — 1920, July=100", "Prices (6) — 1920, July=100" ], "rows": [ [ "1900", "100.0", "100.04", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1901", "104.7", "95.97", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1902", "107.7", "96.90", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1903", "109.5", "103.09", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1904", "107.5", "108.36", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1905", "112.1", "116.36", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1906", "118.4", "179.75", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1907", "134.1", "129.29", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1908", "143.0", "124.55", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1909", "144.1", "118.76", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1910", "148.5", "120.30", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1911", "152.8", "124.70", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1912", "157.2", "132.07", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1913", "160.8", "132.34", "", "", "", "" ], [ "1914", "160.1", "126.31", "100.0", "95.0", "", "" ], [ "1915", "158.6", "127.76", "99.0", "113.0", "", "" ], [ "1916", "163.1", "154.58", "102.0", "137.0", "", "" ], [ "1917", "186.8", "194.50", "118.0", "173.0", "", "" ], [ "1918", "245.5", "254.76", "155.0", "221.0", "", "" ], [ "1919", "348.8", "312.13", "224.0", "303.0", "", "" ], [ "1920-a", "456.8", "385.41", "....", "....", "", "" ], [ "1920-b", "....", "343.19", "309.0", "216.0", "100.0 (July)", "100.0 (July)" ], [ "1920-c", "....", "299.30", "....", "....", "101.11", "97.88" ], [ "1921", "....", "....", "328.0", "220.0", "102.33", "92.61" ], [ "1922", "....", "....", "328.0", "192.0", "110.44", "88.08" ], [ "1923", "....", "....", "351.0", "221.0", "110.84", "87.95" ], [ "1924", "....", "....", "346.0", "225.0", "113.24", "92.51" ], [ "1925", "....", "....", "....", "....", "115.44", "92.25" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note (1) Section of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Japan, Wages for 1900 to the first half of 1920, p. 3.", "(2) Bank of Japan, Index Number of Monthly Average of Wholesale Prices in Tokio (July, 1900 taken as 100).", "(3) Rodo Tokei Yoran, pp. 104-114. Average index number of 45 trades. 1914 is taken as 100.", "(4) Department of Finance, Japan, Quarterly Report of Financial and Economic Conditions in Japan, November, 1926, p. 30. Wholesale price in Tokio (July, 1914 taken as 100) compiled by the Bank of Japan.", "(5) Index Number of Monthly Average of Wages in Osaka, compiled by the Osaka Chamber of Commerce. Quoted from The Third Annual Bulletin of the Financial and Economic Statistics of Japan, prepared by the Institute for Commercial Research, the Kobe Higher Commercial School, 1926, p. 154.", "(6) Ibid., p. 138. Index number of monthly average of wholesale prices in Osaka.", "a—First half of 1920. b—the whole year, 1920. c—the last half of 1920." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table XXIII title printed below table.", "1906 Prices (2) printed as 179.75, likely a misprint in source for 119.75.", "No totals printed." ], "chapter_as_read": "Wages and the Cost of Living", "id": "p0151_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 151", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n151/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0163", "images": [ "p0163" ], "printed_pages": [ "157" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VIII — Wages and the Cost of Living", "table_no": null, "title": "Approximate Standard of Living in Japan in 1926", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Items", "Absolute Standard of Living \"Primary Poverty\" Large Cities — 1913", "Absolute Standard of Living \"Primary Poverty\" Large Cities — 1926", "Index Number of Cost of Living in 1926", "Efficient Stanaard of Living in — 1913", "Efficient Stanaard of Living in — 1926" ], "rows": [ [ "Food", "132 yen", "286 yen", "217", "336 yen", "729 yen" ], [ "Clothing", "12 \"", "34 \"", "170", "96 \"", "163 \"" ], [ "Shelter", "24 \"", "54 \"", "244", "168 \"", "410 \"" ], [ "Misc. Items", "36 \"", "65 \"", "180", "360 \"", "648 \"" ], [ "Total", "204 \"", "439 \"", "", "960 \"", "1,950 \"" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Figures in round numbers" ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Untitled table set under footnote 1 on page 157; title taken from heading above table.", "Column 4/5 heading printed as 'Efficient Stanaard of Living in' with printed typo 'Stanaard'.", "Total row reconciles: 132+12+24+36=204; 286+34+54+65=439; 336+96+168+360=960; 729+163+410+648=1,950." ], "chapter_as_read": "Wages and the Cost of Living", "id": "p0163_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 163", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n163/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0167", "images": [ "p0167" ], "printed_pages": [ "161" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VIII — Wages and the Cost of Living", "table_no": "XXIV", "title": "Monthly Income and Cost of Living of Factory Workers for June, 1921, to May, 1922 (in Yen)", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Items", "Income group (under yen) — Under 50", "Income group (under yen) — 50 to 100", "Income group (under yen) — 100 to 150", "Income group (under yen) — 150 to 200", "Income group (under yen) — 200 to 250", "Income group (under yen) — 250 to 300", "Average" ], "rows": [ [ "Number of households investigated.", "7", "132", "109", "32", "7", "4", "" ], [ "Size of family.", "3.59", "4.22", "4.22", "4.34", "5.75", "5.31", "4.07" ], [ "Income", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], [ "Head of the family", "36.72", "59.56", "83.62", "107.80", "151.36", "135.15", "76.56" ], [ "Members of the family", "2.66", "7.69", "13.08", "16.40", "14.77", "61.57", "11.46" ], [ "Loan", "0.85", "1.47", "2.42", "3.35", "5.35", "....", "2.09" ], [ "Loan from pawnshops", "....", "0.14", "0.07", "....", "1.05", "....", "0.11" ], [ "Income in kind (estimated value)", "1.02", "2.38", "3.81", "6.62", "7.29", "14.27", "3.63" ], [ "Withdrew from saving", "1.64", "4.74", "12.21", "25.03", "24.84", "44.75", "10.72" ], [ "Miscellaneous income", "0.51", "3.17", "5.91", "8.94", "14.37", "6.36", "5.08" ], [ "Total income", "43.40", "79.15", "121.12", "168.14", "219.03", "262.10", "109.65" ], [ "Expenditurc", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], [ "Class I.", "31.76", "48.01", "65.08", "78.51", "98.58", "125.08", "59.63" ], [ "Food", "19.81", "24.61", "30.95", "33.59", "40.98", "53.24", "28.64" ], [ "Shelter", "7.55", "12.46", "17.20", "21.60", "24.32", "36.76", "15.73" ], [ "Clothing", "2.93", "9.02", "14.03", "19.29", "28.02", "28.91", "12.61" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "1.47", "1.92", "2.90", "4.03", "5.26", "6.17", "2.65" ], [ "Class II", "4.65", "9.09", "14.56", "20.35", "33.75", "37.05", "13.24" ], [ "Culture and education.", "1.12", "2.02", "3.74", "3.54", "7.67", "3.91", "2.98" ], [ "Health and sanitation.", "0.91", "2.21", "3.33", "4.73", "10.26", "10.00", "3.17" ], [ "Friendship", "2.62", "4.86", "7.49", "12.08", "15.82", "23.14", "7.09" ], [ "Class III.", "5.65", "12.02", "17.64", "28.01", "37.41", "52.57", "16.89" ], [ "Amusement, traveling, payment for loan, misc.", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], [ "Total expenditures.", "42.06", "69.12", "97.28", "126.87", "169.74", "214.70", "89.76" ], [ "Surplus", "1.34", "10.03", "23.84", "41.27", "49.29", "47.40", "19.89" ], [ "Expenditure per head.", "11.12", "16.38", "23.05", "29.23", "29.52", "40.43", "22.05" ], [ "Per cent of expenditures", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ], [ "Class I.", "75.5", "69.5", "66.9", "61.9", "58.1", "58.3", "66.4" ], [ "Class II", "11.1", "13.1", "15.0", "16.0", "19.8", "17.2", "14.8" ], [ "Class III", "13.4", "17.4", "18.1", "22.1", "22.1", "24.5", "18.8" ], [ "Total", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0", "100.0" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "This table was constructed from tables 1-20 of Hokyu Seikatsusha, Shokko Seikei Chosa Hokoku, conducted by Kyocho-Kai." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Super-heading 'Income group (under yen)' spans columns 'Under 50' through '250 to 300'.", "Section heading printed as 'Expenditurc' with typo 'c' instead of 'e'.", "Total income reconciles across all columns.", "Total expenditures reconciles with Class I + Class II + Class III across all columns.", "Per cent of expenditures Total reconciles across all columns." ], "chapter_as_read": "Wages and the Cost of Living", "id": "p0167_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 167", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n167/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0168", "images": [ "p0168" ], "printed_pages": [ "162" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER VIII — Wages and the Cost of Living", "table_no": "XXV", "title": "The Per Cent Distribution of Expenditures for the Principal Items in the Monthly Family Budget", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Authority, Date, Locality Covered, Number of Families", "Food", "Shelter", "Clothing", "Fuel & Light", "Sundries", "All Items" ], "rows": [ [ "Bureau of Social Affairs, Tokio. 1922. Tokio and suburbs. 1020 families", "35.2", "17.9", "14.1", "5.7", "27.1", "100" ], [ "Department of Home Affairs. 1921. Slum districts, Tokio. 497 families", "54.7", "7.4", "6.9", "6.8", "24.2", "100" ], [ "Department of Agriculture and Commerce. 1921. Tokio and other districts. 1600 families", "46.4", "9.9", "10.2", "8.5", "25.0", "100" ], [ "Kyocho-Kai. 1921-1922. Japan. 360 families of the salaried class", "24.6", "13.0", "15.9", "4.4", "42.1", "100" ], [ "Kyocho-Kai. 1921-1922. Japan. 291 families of the wage-earning class", "31.9", "12.5", "14.1", "5.0", "36.5", "100" ], [ "Kyocho-Kai. 1921-1922. Japan. The average of the salaried class and the wage-earning class", "27.4", "12.9", "15.2", "4.6", "39.9", "100" ], [ "¹ U. S. Labor Statistics. 1917. New York City. 608 families", "45.1", "12.9", "14.8", "4.6", "22.6", "100" ], [ "² U. S. Railroad Wage Commission. 1915. United States. 265 families", "38.0", "20.0", "15.0", "6.0", "21.0", "100" ], [ "³ Weighted average of six difterent inquiries. United States", "43.13", "17.65", "13.21", "5.63", "20.38", "100" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "1 National Industrial Conference Board. Op. cit., p. 32.", "2 Ibid., p. 32.", "3 Ibid., p. 32." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Running head on verso page 162 is 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN'; chapter 'Wages and the Cost of Living' taken from recto running head of current chapter.", "All Items total of 100 reconciles across all 9 rows.", "Row 9 printed label contains 'difterent' with typo 't'.", "Footnote 4 on page 162 belongs to prose text following the table." ], "chapter_as_read": "Wages and the Cost of Living", "id": "p0168_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 168", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n168/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0172", "images": [ "p0172" ], "printed_pages": [ "166" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER IX — Hours of Work", "table_no": "XXVI", "title": "Hours of Work (Census of Labor, October, 1924)", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Hours of Work", "Number of Factories — (Actual Figures)", "Number of Workers — (Actual Figures)", "Number of Factories — (Per Cent)", "Number of Workers — (Per Cent)" ], "rows": [ [ "6 or less", "7", "332", "", "" ], [ "6 to 7", "27", "2,327", "0.3", "0.17" ], [ "7 to 8", "514", "104,213", "7.2", "7.9" ], [ "8 to 9", "1,602", "317,236", "22.4", "23.9" ], [ "9 to 10", "1,852", "305,686", "25.9", "23.0" ], [ "10 to 11", "2,097", "355,550", "29.4", "26.8" ], [ "11 to 12", "972", "228,735", "13.6", "17.3" ], [ "12 to 13", "53", "11,794", "0.7", ".9" ], [ "13 to 14", "4", "316", "", "" ], [ "Hours of work not fixed", "2", "100", "", "" ], [ "Total", "7,130", "1,326,289", "—", "—" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note. Quoted from the \"45th Teikoku Tokei Nenkan,\" 1926, p. 410. The investigation covered factories where over 30 workers are employed; but, in the cotton and the flax spinning industries, data were gathered from those factories employing more than 300 workers; raw silk industry, silk spinning, paper mills, matches, and cement, 100 workers. In 20 selected industries, the investigation covered factories employing 15 workers or more." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Running head on verso page 166 is 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN'; chapter identified as 'Hours of Work'.", "Total for Number of Factories (7,130) reconciles exactly.", "Total for Number of Workers (1,326,289) reconciles exactly.", "Row '12 to 13' column 'Number of Workers — (Per Cent)' is printed as '.9' without leading zero.", "Total row contains em-dashes '—' for per cent columns." ], "chapter_as_read": "Hours of Work", "id": "p0172_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n172/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0172", "images": [ "p0172" ], "printed_pages": [ "166" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER IX — Hours of Work", "table_no": "XXVIII", "title": "Hours of Work, Rest Period, and Number of Work Days in a Month, Reported by the Bureau of Statistics, Imperial Cabinet of Japan, March, 1927", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industry", "Number of Factories", "Hours of Work", "Rest Period", "Number of Working Days in a Month" ], "rows": [ [ "Ceramic", "48", "10.02", "1.05", "27.6" ], [ "Metal", "55", "9.50", ".51", "26.7" ], [ "Machine and tools", "124", "9.42", ".51", "26.3" ], [ "Chemical", "67", "10.04", ".55", "26.3" ], [ "Textile", "214", "11.16", "1.03", "26.8" ], [ "Paper", "30", "11.01", "1.06", "27.0" ], [ "Manufacture with leather, bones and feathers as material", "5", "9.48", "1.06", "27.8" ], [ "Wood and bamboo work", "25", "10.06", ".59", "27.7" ], [ "Food and drinks", "89", "10.25", "1.21", "27.3" ], [ "Dress making and tailoring", "17", "10.02", "1.00", "26.6" ], [ "Printing and book-binding", "31", "9.37", ".49", "27.8" ], [ "Building trade", "2", "8.45", "1.00", "29.0" ], [ "Educational articles and toys", "5", "9.42", ".56", "23.6" ], [ "Gas and electricity", "17", "9.41", "1.04", "28.0" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "2", "9.30", "1.00", "27.5" ], [ "Total and average", "731", "10.23", "1.01", "26.9" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Quoted from Chingin Bukka Tokei Geppo, no. 22, June, 1927." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table number printed as 'TABLE XXVIII' (Table XXVII appears to have been skipped in book numbering).", "Running head on verso page 166 is 'LABOR CONDITIONS IN JAPAN'; chapter identified as 'Hours of Work'.", "Total of Number of Factories (731) reconciles exactly.", "Figures in Rest Period printed without leading zero for .51, .55, .59, .49, .56." ], "chapter_as_read": "Hours of Work", "id": "p0172_2", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n172/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0173", "images": [ "p0173" ], "printed_pages": [], "chapter": "CHAPTER IX — Hours of Work", "table_no": "XXVII", "title": "Hours of Work in Different Branches of Industry (Census of Labor, Oct[?])", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "hard": true, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industry", "Hours of Work — Under 6 — No. of Factories", "Hours of Work — Under 6 — No. of Workers", "Hours of Work — 6 to 7 — No. of Factories", "Hours of Work — 6 to 7 — No. of Workers", "Hours of Work — 7 to 8 — No. of Factories", "Hours of Work — 7 to 8 — [?]" ], "rows": [ [ "Ceramic", "......", "......", "2", "81", "58", "[?]" ], [ "Metal", "......", "......", "1", "45", "39", "[?]" ], [ "Machine and Tools", "......", "......", "2", "317", "94", "[?]" ], [ "Chemical", "......", "......", "5", "224", "69", "[?]" ], [ "Textile", "2", "155", "1", "36", "33", "[?]" ], [ "Paper", "......", "......", "......", "......", "4", "[?]" ], [ "Food and Drinks", "......", "......", "1", "189", "78", "[?]" ], [ "Clothing", "1", "33", "2", "190", "20", "[?]" ], [ "Printing and book binding", "4", "144", "9", "1,002", "55", "[?]" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "......", "......", "4", "243", "64", "[?]" ], [ "Total", "7", "332", "27", "3,327", "514", "[?]" ] ] }, { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "9 to 10 — [?]", "9 to 10 — [?]", "10 to 11 — [?]", "10 to 11 — [?]", "11 to 12 — [?]", "11 to 12 — [?]" ], "rows": [ [ "Ceramic", "178", "17,370", "52", "4,843", "6", "[?]" ], [ "Metal", "159", "12,419", "46", "5,833", "4", "[?]" ], [ "Machine and Tools", "255", "22,360", "16", "937", "2", "[?]" ], [ "Chemical", "150", "16,942", "56", "8,037", "4", "[?]" ], [ "Textile", "503", "184,149", "1,595", "302,367", "918", "[?]" ], [ "Paper", "42", "5,522", "122", "19,118", "6", "[?]" ], [ "Food and Drinks", "93", "6,801", "53", "4,721", "7", "[?]" ], [ "Clothing", "83", "8,648", "52", "3,396", "4", "[?]" ], [ "Printing and book binding", "160", "16,825", "4", "166", "5", "[?]" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "229", "14,650", "101", "6,132", "16", "[?]" ], [ "Total", "1,852", "305,686", "2,097", "355,550", "972", "[?]" ] ] }, { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "13 to 14 — [?]", "13 to 14 — [?]", "Hours of Work — Not Fixed — [?]", "Hours of Work — Not Fixed — [?]", "Total" ], "rows": [ [ "Ceramic", "1", "80", "1", "55", "451" ], [ "Metal", "1", "64", "..", "..", "393" ], [ "Machine and Tools", "..", "..", "..", "..", "689" ], [ "Chemical", "..", "..", "..", "..", "481" ], [ "Textile", "2", "172", "..", "..", "3,241" ], [ "Paper", "..", "..", "..", "..", "191" ], [ "Food and Drinks", "..", "..", "..", "..", "405" ], [ "Clothing", "..", "..", "..", "..", "264" ], [ "Printing and book binding", "..", "..", "..", "..", "344" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "..", "..", "1", "45", "671" ], [ "Total", "4", "316", "2", "100", "7,130" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note.—Adopted from the 45th Teikoku Tokei Nenkan, 1926, p. 410." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table XXVII is printed in three horizontal tiers (panels) on a single leaf; transcribed as 3 parts with 11 rows each (10 industries and Total row per part).", "Right side of the leaf/page is clipped in the scan: rightmost column of Tier 1 (7 to 8 workers, and bracket 8 to 9) and Tier 2 (11 to 12 workers, and bracket 12 to 13) are cut off, with partially visible numbers transcribed as [?].", "Tier 1 Total row for 6 to 7 Workers: printed as 3,327, but sum of column figures is 2,327 (does not reconcile). Other visible totals in Tier 1 reconcile (Under 6 Factories: 7, Workers: 332; 6 to 7 Factories: 27; 7 to 8 Factories: 514).", "Tier 2 totals all reconcile: 9 to 10 Factories (sum: 1,852, printed: 1,852), Workers (sum: 305,686, printed: 305,686); 10 to 11 Factories (sum: 2,097, printed: 2,097), Workers (sum: 355,550, printed: 355,550); 11 to 12 Factories (sum: 972, printed: 972).", "Tier 3 totals all reconcile: 13 to 14 Factories (sum: 4, printed: 4), Workers (sum: 316, printed: 316); Not Fixed Factories (sum: 2, printed: 2), Workers (sum: 100, printed: 100); Total Factories (sum: 7,130, printed: 7,130).", "No page number or running head printed on leaf p0173." ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0173_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n173/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0175", "images": [ "p0175" ], "printed_pages": [ "167" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER IX — Hours of Work", "table_no": "XXIX", "title": "Number of Factories Giving Overtime Work in Osaka, 1923", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industry", "Number of Factories Investigated", "Number of Factories Giving Over-time Work", "Average Hours of Overtime Work per Week" ], "rows": [ [ "Textile", "38", "14", "2.5" ], [ "Machine and tools", "47", "29", "2.1" ], [ "Chemical", "34", "22", "2.0" ], [ "Food and drinks", "7", "5", "2.0" ], [ "Special", "10", "8", "2.4" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "20", "15", "2.5" ], [ "Total", "156", "93", "2.0" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note. This table was constructed from \"Kojyo Rodo Koyo Kankei\" (Factory Workers and Their Employment) 1923, published by The Municipal Office, Osaka." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 7 as printed", "Column 1 total reconciles (sum: 156, printed: 156)", "Column 2 total reconciles (sum: 93, printed: 93)" ], "chapter_as_read": "Hours of Work", "id": "p0175_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n175/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0182", "images": [ "p0182" ], "printed_pages": [ "174" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER IX — Hours of Work", "table_no": "XXX", "title": "The Operating Hours and the Production of Raw Silk Reelers in Nagano Prefecture ¹", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Year", "Operating Hours", "Rest Period", "Per capita Productivity per day (momme)", "Wages per hour (sen)", "Per Hour Production (momme)" ], "rows": [ [ "1877", "12", "Only a sufficient time to finish luncheon", "38.0", "12.0", "3.16" ], [ "1892", "16", "Only a sufficient time to finish luncheon", "69.5", "21.3", "4.31" ], [ "1913", "15", "Only a sufficient time to finish luncheon", "94.3", "21.8", "6.28" ], [ "1918", "14", "“", "98.3", "44.1", "7.50" ], [ "1923", "13", "“", "102.0", "77.8", "7.85" ], [ "1925", "13", "“", "112.5", "82.8", "9.38" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Up to 1923, forty-five factories were investigated. In 1925, six hundred factories were included in the investigation. Cf. Labor Gazette, vol. iii, August, 1926, p. 16." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 6 as printed", "Rest Period for 1877-1913 is printed as a vertically-centered entry across rows 1-3: 'Only a sufficient time to finish luncheon'", "Rows 1918, 1923, 1925 use ditto marks ('“') for Rest Period as printed", "No total row printed" ], "chapter_as_read": "Labor Conditions in Japan", "id": "p0182_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n182/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0183", "images": [ "p0183" ], "printed_pages": [ "175" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER X — Labor Movement", "table_no": "XXXI", "title": "Number of Unions and Membership Classified by Industries and Per Cent of Organized Workers in Each Industry", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industry", "Number of Workers October, 1925 ¹", "Number of Unions, December, 1926 ²", "Union Membership December, 1926 ²", "Approximate, Per cent Organized Workers ³" ], "rows": [ [ "Machine and tools", "320,374", "76", "97,085", "30.3" ], [ "Chemical", "173,881", "49", "9,506", "5.4" ], [ "Textile", "938,842", "20", "11,700", "1.2" ], [ "Food and drinks", "169,539", "13", "4,888", "2.8" ], [ "Gas and electrical", "55,000", "4", "3,074", "5.5" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "67,169", "95", "15,393", "22.9" ], [ "Total factory workers..", "1,724,805", "257", "141,646", "8.2" ], [ "Mining", "310,000", "8", "7,966", "2.5" ], [ "Transportation", "923,000", "60", "107,226", "11.6" ], [ "Building and public works..", "736,800", "38", "3,904", "0.5" ], [ "Communication", "......", "1", "651", "" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "......", "124", "23,346", "" ], [ "Grand Total", "......", "488", "284,739", "" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Figures reported by the Industrial and Labor Research Institute, Tokio. Quoted from International Labor Review, vol. xiv, July, 1926, pp. 257-60.", "² Labor Gazette, vol. iv, April, 1926, p. 99.", "³ The percent of organized workers does not represent accurate figures. It is a rough estimate of the number of workers as represented for the month of October, 1925, while the number of union members is given for December, 1926." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 13 as printed (including Total factory workers and Grand Total rows)", "Total factory workers row reconciles for all columns (Workers sum: 1,724,805; Unions sum: 257; Membership sum: 141,646; Per cent: 8.2)", "Grand Total row reconciles for Unions (sum: 488, printed: 488) and Membership (sum: 284,739, printed: 284,739)" ], "chapter_as_read": "Chapter X. — Labor Movement", "id": "p0183_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n183/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0185", "images": [ "p0185" ], "printed_pages": [ "177" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER X — Labor Movement", "table_no": "XXXII", "title": "Number of Strikes and Disputes", "caption_extra": "These figures are based on the report of the Bureau of Social Affairs, Department of Home Affairs.", "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Year", "Strikes — Number of Strikes ¹", "Strikes — Number of Strikers ²", "Disputes solved before developing into strikes — Number of Disputes ³", "Disputes solved before developing into strikes — Number of Persons Involved ⁴" ], "rows": [ [ "1914", "50", "7,904", "", "" ], [ "1915", "64", "7,852", "", "" ], [ "1916", "108", "8,413", "", "" ], [ "1917", "398", "57,309", "", "" ], [ "1918", "417", "66,457", "", "" ], [ "1919", "497", "63,137", "", "" ], [ "1920", "282", "36,371", "", "" ], [ "1921", "246", "58,225", "650", "112,664" ], [ "1922", "250", "41,503", "334", "44,406" ], [ "1923", "270", "36,259", "377", "32,555" ], [ "1924", "333", "54,526", "600", "39,521" ], [ "1925", "293", "40,742", "522", "48,645" ], [ "1926", "469", "63,644", "723", "58,511*" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "(1) and (2). Figures up to 1922 are reported by the Bureau of Police, Department of Home Affairs. Quoted from the 45th Teikoku Tokei Nenkan, 1926, p. 420. Figures for 1926 are quoted from Shakai Seisaku Jiho, no. 84, September, 1926, p. 208.", "(3) and (4). Reported by Y. Naito in his article on \"The Progress of Labor in Japan During 1926.\" Cf. Shakai Seisaku Jiho, no. 78, March, 1927.", "* The figures represent the first eleven months of 1926." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 13 as printed", "Empty cells for Disputes columns in 1914-1920 transcribed as '' as printed", "Figure for 1926 Persons Involved has asterisk attached: '58,511*' as printed", "No total row printed" ], "chapter_as_read": "Labor Movement", "id": "p0185_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 185", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n185/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0186", "images": [ "p0186" ], "printed_pages": [ "178" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER X — Labor Movement", "table_no": "XXXIII", "title": "Causes of Strikes", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": "I. Causes of Strikes", "columns": [ "Causes", "1914 — No. of Strikes", "1914 — No. of Strikers", "1919 — No. of Strikes", "1919 — No. of Strikers", "1925 — No. of Strikes", "1925 — No. of Strikers" ], "rows": [ [ "Increase of wages", "25", "4,105", "400", "53,130", "100", "7,908" ], [ "Decrease of wages", "11", "1,763", "17", "1,251", "41", "6,245" ], [ "Improvement of working conditions", "2", "62", "24", "3,695", "83", "12,855" ], [ "Opposition to foreman", "3", "222", "18", "1,610", "16", "1,471" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "9", "1,752", "38", "3,451", "53", "12,263" ], [ "Total", "50", "7,904", "497", "63,137", "293", "40,742" ] ] }, { "label": "II. Causes of Strikes and Disputes in 1926", "columns": [ "Causes", "Number of Strikes and Disputes", "Per Cent" ], "rows": [ [ "Increase of Wages", "378", "30.9" ], [ "Decrease of Wages", "92", "7.5" ], [ "Method of Paying Wages a", "148", "12.1" ], [ "Reduction of the Hours of Work", "16", "1.3" ], [ "Organization of Labor Union or the Recognition of the Union", "13", "1.1" ], [ "Against the Discharge and the Demand for Discharge Compensation", "230", "18.9" ], [ "Opposition to Foreman", "35", "2.8" ], [ "Working Conditions, Rest Days and Factory Equipment", "72", "5.9" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "239", "19.5" ], [ "Total", "1,223 b", "100.0" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "The 45th Teikoku Tokei Nenkan, 1926, pp. 420-423 and Labor Gazette, March, 1925, p. 20.", "Quoted from Shakai Seisaku Jiho, vol. 78, March, 1927, pp. 168-69. \"The Progress of Labor in Japan during 1926,\" by Y. Naito.", "(a) Disputes concerning the method of paying wages include the demand for an increase of wages in place of giving \"teate\" (bonuses), and the establishment of the minimum wage system, etc.", "(b) This figure is based on the preliminary report of the Bureau of Social Affairs, and it does not agree exactly with the figures quoted in Table XXXII." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table XXXIII comprises two parts printed under the single heading Table XXXIII: Part I (Causes of Strikes) and Part II (Causes of Strikes and Disputes in 1926).", "Part I: 6 rows (5 cause categories + Total). All column totals reconcile perfectly.", "Part II: 10 rows (9 cause categories + Total). Number of Strikes and Disputes sums to 1,223 (reconciles). Per Cent sums to 100.0 (reconciles)." ], "chapter_as_read": "Labor Movement", "id": "p0186_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 186", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n186/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0187", "images": [ "p0187" ], "printed_pages": [ "179" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER X — Labor Movement", "table_no": "XXXIV", "title": "Duration of Strikes", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Year", "One to Three Days — No. of Strikes", "One to Three Days — No. of Strikers", "Four to Ten Days — No. of Strikes", "Four to Ten Days — No. of Strikers", "Over Eleven Days — No. of Strikes", "Over Eleven Days — No. of Strikers", "Dropped — No. of Strikes", "Dropped — No. of Strikers" ], "rows": [ [ "1914", "28", "3,807", "21", "3,916", "1", "181", "", "" ], [ "1915", "41", "4,479", "18", "3,051", "5", "322", "", "" ], [ "1916", "69", "5,226", "34", "2,557", "5", "629", "", "" ], [ "1917", "303", "34,755", "84", "21,901", "11", "653", "", "" ], [ "1918", "330", "42,956", "72", "22,270", "15", "1,231", "", "" ], [ "1919", "363", "34,057", "125", "25,301", "9", "3,679", "", "" ], [ "1920", "167", "12,938", "82", "15,202", "33", "8,231", "", "" ], [ "1921", "128", "11,365", "74", "12,936", "44", "33,924", "", "" ], [ "1922", "118", "11,407", "90", "13,056", "42", "17,040", "", "" ], [ "1923", "113", "9,701", "90", "14,180", "65", "12,343", "2", "35" ], [ "1924", "133", "13,396", "112", "20,718", "88", "20,412", "", "" ], [ "1925", "122", "14,835", "96", "9,793", "75", "16,114", "", "" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "The 45th Teikoku Tokei Nenkan, 1926, p. 421." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 12 as printed (years 1914 to 1925).", "No total row printed." ], "chapter_as_read": "Labor Movement", "id": "p0187_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n187/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0232", "images": [ "p0232" ], "printed_pages": [ "224" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XII — Employers and Employees", "table_no": "XXXV", "title": "Number of Shop Committees and Membership, March, 1926", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Industry", "Number of Shop Committees", "Membership — Men", "Membership — Women", "Total" ], "rows": [ [ "Textile and dyeing", "35", "9,889", "38,705", "48,594" ], [ "Machine and tools", "23", "29,287", "978", "30,265" ], [ "Chemical", "4", "1,489", "211", "1,700" ], [ "Miscellaneous and Gas and Electricity", "6", "3,811", "896", "4,707" ], [ "Mining", "11", "20,711", "2,016", "22,727" ], [ "State Controlled Industries, including State railway system", "33", "202,217", "23,855", "226,072" ], [ "Public enterprises", "9", "5,415", "2", "5,417" ], [ "Total", "121", "272,819", "66,663", "339,482" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Cf. Shakai Seisaku Jiho, no. 71, August, 1926, pp. 96-97. \"Waga-kunini Okeru Rodo-Iinkai no Genjyo\" (The Present Condition of the Shop Committee System in Japan) by C. Hiroike. According to the report of the Bureau of Social Affairs, there were 155 shop committees at the end of December, 1924. The report of the Kyocho-kai shows, therefore, a decrease of 21.3 per cent in the number of shop committees during 1925 and 1926." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Rows: 8 as printed (7 industries + Total).", "All column totals reconcile: Number of Shop Committees (121), Membership Men (272,819), Membership Women (66,663), Total (339,482).", "All row totals (Membership Men + Membership Women = Total) reconcile." ], "chapter_as_read": "Employers and Employees", "id": "p0232_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 232", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n232/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0236", "images": [ "p0236" ], "printed_pages": [ "228" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XII — Employers and Employees", "table_no": null, "title": "[Conditions for the Payment of Travelling Expenses]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Conditions for the payment of travelling expenses", "Number of factories reporting" ], "rows": [ [ "Workers going home to recover health from injury or sickness", "36" ], [ "Workers whose employment term had expired", "24" ], [ "Workers discharged due to interest of employer", "40" ], [ "Miscellaneous", "5" ], [ "Total", "105" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "Note. There is a discrepancy between the number of reporting factories when stated in gross total and when it is classified. This is due to the fact that some factories reported two or more different conditions under which they pay travelling expenses." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Unnumbered table printed within footnote 1 on page 228.", "Rows: 5 as printed (4 conditions + Total).", "Total row reconciles: 36 + 24 + 40 + 5 = 105." ], "chapter_as_read": "Employers and Employees", "id": "p0236_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 236", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n236/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0239", "images": [ "p0239" ], "printed_pages": [ "231" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XII — Employers and Employees", "table_no": "XXXVI", "title": "Benevolent Work Provided by 156 Factories in Osaka, 1922", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Kinds of Work", "Industries — Textile", "Industries — Machine & Tools", "Industries — Chemical", "Industries — Food & Drinks", "Industries — Gas & Electricity", "Industries — Miscellaneous", "Industries — Total" ], "rows": [ [ "Number of factories reporting", "38", "47", "35", "7", "10", "20", "156" ], [ "Dormitory", "35", "2", "3", "..", "2", "1", "43" ], [ "Food", "8", "1", "2", "..", "2", "..", "13" ], [ "Sales at reduced prices", "20", "4", "1", "3", "1", "1", "30" ], [ "Sanitation", "56", "27", "38", "9", "17", "13", "160" ], [ "Amusements", "46", "28", "19", "9", "7", "20", "129" ], [ "Education", "19", "4", "6", "3", "..", "2", "34" ], [ "Bonuses", "30", "31", "12", "4", "4", "4", "85" ], [ "Total", "214", "97", "81", "28", "33", "41", "494" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Bureau of Social Affairs, Osaka Municipal Office, \"Kojyo Rodo Koyo Kankei,\" p. 240." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "First data row 'Number of factories reporting' does not reconcile across: 38 + 47 + 35 + 7 + 10 + 20 = 157, but printed total is 156.", "All other row totals (Dormitory through Bonuses) reconcile.", "All column totals (Textile through Total) for rows Dormitory through Bonuses reconcile: Textile = 214, Machine & Tools = 97, Chemical = 81, Food & Drinks = 28, Gas & Electricity = 33, Miscellaneous = 41, Total = 494." ], "chapter_as_read": "Employers and Employees", "id": "p0239_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 239", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n239/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0244", "images": [ "p0244" ], "printed_pages": [ "236" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XII — Employers and Employees", "table_no": null, "title": "[Conditions Terminating an Employment Contract by the Employee in the Cotton-Spinning Industry]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "" ], "rows": [ [ "1. Unavoidable circumstances", "13 factories" ], [ "2. Unavoidable circumstances implying marriage", "16 \"" ], [ "3. Unavoidable circumstances implying family cause", "6 \"" ], [ "4. Unavoidable circumstances implying sickness", "16 \"" ], [ "5. Unavoidable circumstances implying military service", "1 \"" ], [ "6. Unavoidable circumstances implying other reasons", "16 \"" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Shakai Seisaku Jiho, no. 82, July, 1927, \"Shugyo Annaiyori Mitaru Boseki Jijyo Gaiyo,\" pp. 139-141." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "List set out in columns with figures in running text", "Row 5 figure is printed as '1' (or 'I')", "Ditto marks preserved as printed" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0244_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n244/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0244", "images": [ "p0244" ], "printed_pages": [ "236" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XII — Employers and Employees", "table_no": null, "title": "[Conditions Terminating an Employment Contract by the Employer]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "", "" ], "rows": [ [ "1. Due to business reasons", "51 factories" ], [ "2. Disabled on account of sickness, injury and old age", "15 \"" ], [ "3. Absence from the factory in excess of a certain prefixed period", "30 \"" ], [ "4. Discharged for punishment", "33 \"" ], [ "5. The age limitation (old age) of the employee", "4 \"" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Shakai Seisaku Jiho, no. 82, July, 1927, \"Shugyo Annaiyori Mitaru Boseki Jijyo Gaiyo,\" pp. 139-141." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "List set out in columns with figures in running text", "Ditto marks preserved as printed" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0244_2", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n244/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0248", "images": [ "p0248" ], "printed_pages": [ "240" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XII — Employers and Employees", "table_no": null, "title": "National Employers' Associations", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": "NATIONAL EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATIONS", "columns": [ "Name of the Association", "Approximate Number of Members" ], "rows": [ [ "Nippon Kogyo Club (Japan Industrial Association)", "Unknown" ], [ "Dai Nippon Boseki Rengo Kai (Japan Cotton Spinners' Association)", "50" ], [ "Nippon Yomo Kogyo Kai (Japan Association Woolen Industries)", "Unknown" ], [ "Zosen Konwakai (Ship Builders' Association)", "14" ], [ "Nippon Senshu Kyokai (Japan Ship Owners' Association)", "Unknown" ], [ "Denki Kyokai (Association of Electric and Power Companies)", "Unknown" ], [ "Kozan Konwakai (Mine Owners' Association)", "31" ], [ "Sekitan Kogyo Rengokai (Federation of Coal Mine Owners' Association)", "Unknown" ] ] }, { "label": "LOCAL EMPLOYERS' ASSOCIATIONS", "columns": [ "Name of the Association", "Approximate Number of Members" ], "rows": [ [ "Osaka Kogyo Kai (Osaka Industrial Association)", "500" ], [ "Kojyo Konwakai (Industrial Councils) established in each Prefecture", "Approximately 140" ], [ "Chambers of Commerce", "65" ], [ "Sangyo Fukuri Kyokai", "Unknown" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [], "transcriber_notes": [ "Divided into two sections as printed: National Employers' Associations and Local Employers' Associations", "Row 'Kojyo Konwakai': 'Approximately' is printed before '140' under Approximate Number of Members" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0248_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 248", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n248/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0274", "images": [ "p0274" ], "printed_pages": [ "266" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XIII — Government Attitude Toward Labor", "table_no": null, "title": "[Actual and Basic Remuneration per Day]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Class", "Actual Remuneration per Day", "Basic Remuneration per Day" ], "rows": [ [ "1st", "Less than yen .35", "yen .30" ], [ "2nd", "From yen .35 to .45", "\" .40" ], [ "3rd", "\" \" .45 \" .55", "\" .50" ], [ "4th", "\" \" .55 \" .65", "\" .60" ], [ "5th", "\" \" .65 \" .75", "\" .70" ], [ "6th", "\" \" .75 \" .85", "\" .80" ], [ "7th", "\" \" .85 \" 1.15", "\" 1.00" ], [ "8th", "\" \" 1.15 \" 1.45", "\" 1.30" ], [ "9th", "\" \" 1.45 \" 1.75", "\" 1.60" ], [ "10th", "\" \" 1.75 \" 2.05", "\" 1.90" ], [ "11th", "\" \" 2.05 \" 2.35", "\" 2.20" ], [ "12th", "\" \" 2.35 \" 2.65", "\" 2.50" ], [ "13th", "\" \" 2.65 \" 2.95", "\" 2.80" ], [ "14th", "\" \" 2.95 \" 3.25", "\" 3.10" ], [ "15th", "\" \" 3.25 \" 3.75", "\" 3.50" ], [ "16th", "More than yen 3.75", "\" 4.00" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "The basic remuneration will be fixed according to the actual remuneration on June 1st in each year, and remains valid from July 1st to June 30th of the following year.", "Cf. Administration Act of the Health Insurance Act, Articles 3 and 4." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Table printed under heading '(Conclusion of footnote 4, page 265)'", "Ditto marks preserved as printed" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0274_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 274", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n274/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0276", "images": [ "p0276" ], "printed_pages": [ "268" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XIII — Government Attitude Toward Labor", "table_no": null, "title": "[Rates of Premium in Coal Mines and Other Industries, January, 1927]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Coal Mines — Number of insurance societies", "Coal Mines — Premium per day per insured value of one yen", "Mines (excluding coal mines) and industries — Number of insurance societies", "Mines (excluding coal mines) and industries — Premium per day per insured value of one yen" ], "rows": [ [ "7", "8 sen", "12", "4 sen" ], [ "26", "under 8 \"", "92", "under 4 \"" ], [ "16", "over 8 \"", "54", "over 4 \"" ], [ "", "Average 7.76 \"", "", "Average 3.9 \"" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "¹ Shakai Seisaku Jiho, July, 1927, pp. 88-91." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Multi-level column headings flattened with ' — '", "Row 4: 'Average 7.76 \"' and 'Average 3.9 \"' appear in the premium columns; societies columns have no values", "Ditto marks preserved as printed" ], "chapter_as_read": null, "id": "p0276_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 276", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n276/mode/1up" } ] }, { "image": "p0277", "images": [ "p0277" ], "printed_pages": [ "269" ], "chapter": "CHAPTER XIII — Government Attitude Toward Labor", "table_no": null, "title": "[Employer's Contribution in Health Insurance Societies, January, 1927]", "caption_extra": null, "continued": false, "parts": [ { "label": null, "columns": [ "Employer's contribution", "Number of Health Insurance Societies" ], "rows": [ [ "1/2 or slightly more", "83" ], [ "3/5 \" \"", "14" ], [ "3/5 \" less", "3" ], [ "5/8 \" more", "2" ], [ "2/3 \" \"", "25" ], [ "3/4 \" \"", "32" ], [ "4/5 \" \"", "8" ] ] } ], "footnotes": [ "² Shakai Seisaku Jiho, no. 82, July, 1927, pp. 91-93. \"The Financial Resources of the Health Insurance and the System of Medical Treatment\" by Kenkichi Kumagai." ], "transcriber_notes": [ "Sum of societies column is 167, reconciling with 'Of 167 health insurance societies investigated...' in text above table", "No total row printed in table", "Ditto marks preserved as printed" ], "chapter_as_read": "Government's Attitude Toward Labor", "id": "p0277_1", "scans": [ { "label": "scan leaf 277", "url": "https://archive.org/details/laborconditionsi0000unse_l4j9/page/n277/mode/1up" } ] } ]