# The China Year Book 1916 — Who's Who & Directories

810 entries, LLM-transcribed. These entries were transcribed by the vision model of Opus 5.5. Before using any of these details, you must verify specific details with the original source which is linked to whenever possible.


## Manufactures

**Yu Sing Cotton Spinning and Manufacturing Co., Ltd** Shanghai — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Yu Yuan Cotton Spinning Co., Ltd** „ — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

### Distilleries

**Effimoff, A. N. (Russian), Vodka** Harbin — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Fried, S. J. (Russian), Vodka** „ — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Godib and Co. (Austrian), Vodka** „ — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Kameieff (Russian), Vodka** Buhedu (336 miles W. of Harbin) — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Kann, P. M. (Russian), Vodka** Harbin — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Kolendo and Mordohovitch (Russian), Vodka** Khandashedtzu (170 miles E. of Harbin) — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Kotzoeff, F. A. (Russian), Vodka** Mulin (268 miles E. of Harbin) — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Kouznetzoff, S. A. (Russian), Vodka**  — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

### Breweries

**Degtrar and Co. (Russian)** Harbin — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Enkevitch S. (Russian)** Khandashetzu (170 miles E. of Harbin) — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Germania Brauerei (owned by Anglo-German Brewery Co. of Hongkong)** Tsingtao — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Gomoll Brewery** „ — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Imianpo Brewing Co. (Russian)** Imianpo (101 miles E. of Harbin) — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Kotelnikoff, I. (Russian)** Manchouli — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Mezdunaridnoe Pivovarnoe Kompanie** Harbin — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Newmann and Co. (German), Ltd** „ — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Oriental Brewery Co** Hongkong — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Plustdranko and Co. (Russian)** Harbin — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Poddany and Co. (Austrian)** „ — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Popoff Bros. (Russian)** Fuliardi (176 miles W. of Harbin) — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Ternvandt, P. „** Manchouli — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Union Brauerei (German)** Shanghai — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**“Vostotchnaia Bavaria” (Erml Bros.)** Harbin — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Yannow and Co** „ — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

### Aerated Water Manufacturers, etc.

**Aerated Water Factory** Newchwang — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Aquarius Co., Ltd** Shanghai — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Betines, S. J., and Co** Peking — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))

**Canton Aerated Water and Distilling Co** Canton — p. 89 ([scan leaf 112](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n112/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**Chang Yu Pioneer Wine Co. (with bottle factory)** Chefoo — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Connaught Aerated Water Factory** Hongkong — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Crystal, Ltd** (Factory at Shanhaikuan), Tientsin — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Hankow Dispensary, Ltd** Hankow — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Iltis Brunnen** Tsingtao. — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Kavkazky Zavodi Mineralnich Vod** Harbin — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Mackie, Alex., and Co** Tientsin — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Morozoff and Co** Harbin — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Niagara Aerated Water Factory** Hankow — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Royal Aerated Water Factory** Hongkong — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Soldinenie Zavodie Mineralnich Vod** Harbin — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Starlight Aerated Water Co** Tientsin — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Swatow Aerated Water Co** Swatow — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Tientsin International Mineral Water Co** (Factories at Tientsin,Shanhaikuan) — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Victoria Dispensary** Hongkong — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Watkins, Ltd** ” — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Watson, A. S., and Co** (Factories at Shanghai, Hongkong, Amoy, and Canton) — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

### Docks, Shipbuilding and Engineering Works

**Amoy Shipway and Engineering Co** Amoy — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Bailey, W. S., and Co., Ltd** Hongkong — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Chinese Government Arsenal and Dockyard** Foochow — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Chinese Government Dockyard** Whampoa — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Dairen Dry Dock (Kawasaki Dockyard Co.)** Dairen — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Hankow Iron and Engine Works** Hankow — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Co., Ltd** Hongkong — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Kiangnan Dock and Engineering Works (Chinese Government)** Shanghai — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Kwong Kip Loong** Hongkong — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Macdonald and Co** ” — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**New Amoy Dock, Ltd** Amoy — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**New Engineering and Shipbuilding Works** Shanghai — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Nicholas Tsú's Engineering and Shipbuilding Works** Shanghai — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Oriental Engine Works** ” — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Shanghai Dock and Engineering Co., Ltd. (five docks)** ” — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Taikoo Dock and Engineering Co., Ltd. (Butterfield and Swire)** Hongkong — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Taku Tug and Lighter Co., Ltd. (Taku)** Tientsin — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Tientsin Ironworks** Tientsin — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Tientsin Lighter Co** Tongku (Tientsin) — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Tsingtauer Werft (German Naval Dockyard)** Tsingtao — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Ulderup and Schluter** Hongkong — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Vulcan Ironworks, Ltd** Shanghai — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))

**Yangtze Engineering Works** Hankow — p. 90 ([scan leaf 113](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n113/mode/1up))


## Manufactures

### Flour Mills

**Blagovestchensk Flour Milling Co. (A. F. Mostchtsky)** Harbin — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Chang Shou Flour Mill** Chungking — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**China Flour Mill Co., Ltd** Shanghai — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Chin Loong Flour Mill Co** Hankow — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Eastern Flour Mill (Patushinshy and Drizen)** Harbin — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Fou Foong Flour Mill Co** Shanghai — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**First Manchurian Flour Milling Co. (Marker and Tchan Bo Yan)** Harbin — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Fu Hsin Flour Mill Co** Tungchow — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Fu Hsin Flour Mill No. 2** Shanghai — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Germant's Flour Mill** Harbin — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Gershgorin's Flour Mill** ,, — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Godai Flour Mill** Shanghai — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Han Foong Flour Mills** Hankow — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Hai Foong Roller Mill** Chefoo — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Heng Fa Yu Flour Mill** Ashiho — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Huo Foong and Hung Foong Flour Mills** Hanyang — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Imianpo Flour Milling Co** Imianpo (101 m. E. of Harbin) — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))

**Irkutsk Flour Milling Co. (Bonner and Mindalevitch)** Harbin — p. 91 ([scan leaf 114](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n114/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**Kung Tai Flour Mills** Hankow — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Lee Dah Flour Mill Co** Shanghai — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Lobachoff's Flour Mill** Harbin — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Ma Si Gui Flour Mill** Hailin (209 m. E. of Harbin) — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Mow Sing Flour Mill Co** Wusieh — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Russian Flour Milling Co** Harbin — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Russian Flour Milling Co** Shuangch'engpu (32 m. S. of Harbin) — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Semianikoff and Subotich's Flour Mill** Kuanchengtze — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Shanghai Roller Flour Mill Co** Shanghai — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Skidelski's (L. S.) Flour Mill** Harbin — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Southern Flour Milling Co** Shuangch'engpu (32 m. S. of Harbin) — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Tai Loy Flour Mills** Taichow (Chinkiang) — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Tiehling Flour Mill** Tiehling — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Tien Hsing Co.'s Flour Mill** I Lan Fu (Harbin) — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Towa Co.'s Flour Mills** Hankow — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Vitichnovsky's (V.) Flour Mill** Fuliardi (176 miles W. of Harbin) — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Wuhu Flour Mill** Wuhu — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Yuan Hsing Co.'s Flour Mill** Ninguta — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Yu Hang Flour Mill** Kaoyu (Chinkiang) — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Yu Hung Flour Mill Co** Yangchow — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Yun Feng Mo Mien Kungssu** Yunnanfu — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Yung Feng Flour Mill Co** Such'ien — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Yu Shun Ho Flour Mill Co** Hailin (209 m. E. of Harbin) — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

### Furniture Factories

**Arts and Crafts, Ltd** Shanghai — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Hall and Holtz, Ltd** Shanghai, Hankow, and Tientsin — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Jacques and Co** Peking and Tientsin — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Koenig, H** Shanghai — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Taliti and Co** Peking — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Weeks and Co., Ltd** Shanghai and Hankow — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

### Gas Works

**Antung Gas Co., Ltd** Antung — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Hongkong and China Gas Co., Ltd** Hongkong — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**Shanghai Gas Co., Ltd** Shanghai — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))

**South Manchurian Railway Co** Dairen — p. 92 ([scan leaf 115](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n115/mode/1up))


## Manufactures

### Glass and Porcelain Works

**Chinese Glass Factory (lamp chimneys) at** Foochow — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**„ „** Nanning — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**„ „** Kiungchow — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Corosy and Co.'s Glass Factory** Hongkong — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Fook Wai Co.'s Glass Works** „ — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Fu Hui Glass Factory** Canton — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Glass Bottle Factory** Changsha — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Hsing Hua Glass Factory, Ltd** Kirin — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Ikebata Glass Works (Japanese)** Harbin — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Imianpo Glass Works** Imianpo (101 m. E. of Harbin) — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Kulungsu Glass Works** Amoy — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Kwangkien Glass Factory** „ — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Liukiatai Glass Factory** Liukiatai (near Chungking) — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Ming Sun Glass Factory** Canton — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Peking Glass Works** Peking — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Poshan Glass Works** Poshan (Tsinanfu) — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Vodiansky's (N. V.) Glass Works** Harbin — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Yao Hsu Glass Factory** Suchien (Chinkiang), shut down — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

### Ice and Cold Storage Factories

**Crystal Ice Co. (G. Mutter)** Hankow — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Foochow Ice and Aerated Water Co** Foochow — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Hankow Ice Works (W. H. Corsane, proprietor)** Hankow — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Hongkong Ice Co., Ltd** Hongkong — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**International Export Co., Ltd** Hankow — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Kouznetzoff N. and I** Harbin — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Oriental Brewery Co** Hongkong — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Shanghai Ice, Cold Storage and Refrigeration Co., Ltd** Shanghai — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Swatow Ice Co** Swatow — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

### Iron and Steel Works

**German Steel Works** Shantung — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Hanyang Iron and Steel Works (Hanyehping Iron and Coal Co., Ltd.)** Hanyang — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Hanyang Crucible Steel Factory** „ — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Hongkong Iron Works** Hongkong — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

### Leather Factories (Tanneries)

**Canton Tannery and Leather Works** Canton — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Government Leather Factory** Yunnanfu — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**„ „ „** Wuchang — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**„ „ „** Chengtu — p. 93 ([scan leaf 116](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n116/mode/1up))

**Scharf's Oil and Bone Mills** Jessfield, Shanghai — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Shanghai Oil Co., Ltd** Jessfield Mill,Shanghai — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Shun Foong Oil Mill** Hanyang. — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Sing Chee Oil Mill** Hankow — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Si Shun Oil Mill** Hanyang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**South Manchuria Railway Co.'s Bean Cake and Bean Oil Factory (a)** Dairen — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Swatow Bean Cake and Oil Factory** Swatow — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Tai Ku Yuan Oil Mill** Newchwang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Tienshun Oil Mill** Hanyang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Tung Chu Ho Oil Mill** Newchwang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Tung Yung Mao Oil Mill** ” — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Yuan Chang Oil Mill** ” — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Yuan Feng Oil Cake Co** Fonning (Nanking) — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Yuan Mao Sheng Oil Mill** Newchwang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Yu Foong Oil Mill** Hanyang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Yu Hsing Oil Press Co** Yingchow (Wuhu) — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Yung Chang Yuan Oil Mill** Hanyang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Yu Hsin Oil Co** Chinkiang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Yung Yi Oil Mill** Newchwang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

### Paper Mills

**Canton Government Paper and Printing Works** Canton — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Chengtu Lo Li Paper Co** Chengtu — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Ching Cheng Paper Factory** Nangzing (Chekiang) — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Government Paper Mill** Hankow — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Government Paper Mill** Shanghai — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Government Paper Mill** Tsinanfu — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Hankow Paper Mill** (Seven Mile Creek) Hankow — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Hupeh Paper Factory** Wuchang — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Kongmoon Paper Mill Co., Ltd** Kongmoon — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Shanghai Pulp and Paper Co., Ltd** Shanghai — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Shomi Inshokwan** ” — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Taishing Paper Mill Co., Ltd** Hongkong — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))

**Tseng Yuan Paper Mills** Canton — p. 95 ([scan leaf 118](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n118/mode/1up))


## Printing and Lithographic Works

**Basin and Co. (Russian)** Harbin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Bergut and Son** „ — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Brewer and Co., Ltd** Shanghai — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Burack and Co** Harbin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Caledonian Press** Hankow — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**China Mail** Hongkong — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**China Press** Shanghai — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**China Printing Co** „ — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**China Outlook** Hongkong — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**China Times, Ltd** Tientsin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Chinese Eastern Railway's Printing Works** Harbin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Chinese Government Bureau of Printing and Engraving** Peking — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Chung Tung Litho Works** Tientsin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Chung Yu Copper Plate and Collodion Type Works** „ — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Commercial Press, Ltd** Shanghai — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Deutsch-Chin. Druckerei, etc** Tsingtao — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Deutsche Druckerei and Verlagsanstalt** Shanghai — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**E. Shing** „ — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Foochow Printing Press** Foochow — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Guedes and Co** Hongkong — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Hankow Daily News** Hankow — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**„ Printing Office** „ — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Hongkong Daily Press** Hongkong — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**„ Printing Press** „ — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**„ Telegraph** „ — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Imprimerie de la Société des Missions Étrangères** „ — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Imprimerie de Pekin** Peking — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Industrial Mission Press** Chefoo — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**International Printing and Publishing Co., Ltd** Shanghai — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Kelly and Walsh, Ltd** Shanghai and Hongkong — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Kwang Chi Printing Works (Chinese)** Harbin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Lee, E., and Co** Tientsin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Manchurian Daily News** Dairen — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Manchurian Lithographing Co. (Belgian)** Harbin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Methodist Publishing House** Shanghai — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Military Printing Works of Pogranitchnaia Guards** Harbin — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**Norhona and Co** Hongkong — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))

**North China Daily News and Herald, Ltd** Shanghai — p. 96 ([scan leaf 119](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n119/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

### British

**Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China** Head Office: London. Branches: Canton, Foochow, Hankow, Hongkong, Peking, Shanghai, Tientsin. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation** Head Office: Hongkong. Branches: Amoy, Canton, Foochow, Hankow, Peking, Shanghai (with Sub-Agency at Hongkew), Tientsin. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Mercantile Bank of India, Ltd** Head Office: London. Branches: Hongkong, Shanghai. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

### Other Nationalities

**Banque de l'Indo-Chine** Head Office: Paris. Branches: Canton, Hankow, Hongkong, Peking, Shanghai, Tientsin. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Banque Industrielle de Chine** Head Office: Peking. Registered Office: 13, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Banque Sino-Belge** Head Office: Brussels. Branches: Shanghai, Tientsin. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Deutsch-Asiatische Bank** Head Office: Berlin. Branches: Hankow, Hongkong, Peking, Tientsin, Tsinanfu, Tsingtao. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**International Banking Corporation** Head Office: New York. Branches: Canton, Hankow, Hongkong, Peking, Shanghai. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappij (Netherlands Trading Society)** Head Office: Amsterdam. Branches: Hongkong, Shanghai. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Russo-Asiatic Bank** Head Office: St. Petersburg. Branches: Chefoo, Hailar, Hankow, Harbin, Hongkong, Kashgar, Kuldja, Kuanchengtze, Newchwang, Peking, Shanghai, Tientsin, Tsitsihar. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Yokohama Specie Bank** Head Office: Yokohama. Branches: Antung, Hankow, Hongkong, Kuanchengtze (Changchun), Liaoyang, Mukden, Newchwang, Peking, Port Arthur, Tairen (Dalny), Tiehling, Tientsin. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Bank of Taiwan, Ltd** Head Office: Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa). Branches and Agencies: Amoy, Canton, Foochow, Hongkong, Shanghai, Swatow. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

### New Undertakings

**Sino-American Bank** Capital, $10,000,000 Mex. Promoted by San Francisco Chinese. Shares equally divided between American and Chinese shareholders. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))

**Sino-Japanese Bank** Capital, Yen 10,000,000. Head Office, Shanghai. Shares equally divided between the Chino-Japanese Industrial Co. and Chinese capitalists. — p. 388 ([scan leaf 411](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n411/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**AMUERHLINGKUEI** Mongol. Prince of First Order, December, 1891. Great-grandson of Prince Seng-ko-lin-ch'in. Lieutenant-General of Bordered White Chinese Banner, January, 1910. Superintendent of Peking Octroi, February, 1912. Member for Mongolia of the National Council. — p. 499 ([scan leaf 522](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n522/mode/1up))

**CHAN T'IEN-YU** Kuangtung. Educated in America. Expectant Taotai. Engineer-in-Chief, Peking–Kalgan Railway, 1905. Managing Director, Canton-Hankow Railway, October 10. Assistant Director, ditto, July 31, 1912. Expert Inspector, Ministry of Communications, June 18, 1913. — p. 499 ([scan leaf 522](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n522/mode/1up))

**CHANG CHEN-FANG** Honan. A cousin of the President. Tientsin Taotai, December, 1907. Salt Commissioner at Tientsin, February, 1908. Seconded to assist Ministry of Finance in connection with the Patriotic Loan, January, 1912. Was appointed Acting Tutuh of Chihli in February, 1912. where he was denounced by the gentry. Acting Tutuh of Honan, March, 1912. Subs. do., October 28, 1912. Director-General of the Coal Mining Co. of Liuhokou, Honan. — p. 499 ([scan leaf 522](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n522/mode/1up))

**CHANG CHENG-HSUN** Member of Tsanchengyuan. Organiser of motor-bus service in Peking. — p. 499 ([scan leaf 522](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n522/mode/1up))

**CHANG CHI** President, High Court of Justice, Anhui. — p. 499 ([scan leaf 522](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n522/mode/1up))

**CHANG CHIEN** Kiangsu. A noted Hanlin scholar (Optimus), who declined to take office (except that of Adviser to the Board of Commerce, 1904) in order to devote his energies to the fostering of industry and commerce. Appointed "Pacificator" in Kiangsu, November, 1911. He was offered, but refused, the post of Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry in Yuan Shih-kai's November Cabinet. He is also reported to have been offered, and to have refused, the Premiership, after Tang Shao-yi's resignation. During 1911 he was engaged upon schemes for the promotion of commerce in Manchuria, and the formation of Sino-American commercial enterprises. Director-General Huai-ho Conservancy, March 13, 1913. Minister of Industry and Commerce and temporary Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, September 11, 1913. Director-General of the National Conservancy Bureau, 1915. Member of the Tsan-chengyuan, 1915. "Friend of Sungchan" (see Hsu Shih-chang). — p. 499 ([scan leaf 522](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n522/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**CHANG CHIH-HSIANG** —Szechuan. Age 30. A Graduate of a Law College in Tokio. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Joined Tungmenhui, 1906. Attempted to raise revolution in Chengtu, but was arrested when the attempt failed, 1908; and when the independence of Szechuan was declared he was released and appointed as delegate for the amalgamation of the War Offices of Chengtu and Chungking, and then Chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs, Szechuan. Resigned 1913, when elected as member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 500 ([scan leaf 523](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n523/mode/1up))

**CHANG EN-SHOU** —Chihli. Born 1880. A Graduate of a University in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Member of various committees in Chinputang. At the end of Ching Dynasty he was a clerk to Yuchuanpu. During the Revolution he organized the Pao An Hui in Tientsin. In August, 1912, he was appointed director of the Law School, Tientsin, and under his management until January, 1913, there was an increase of students from 400 to 1200. Translated several Japanese books into Chinese. — p. 500 ([scan leaf 523](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n523/mode/1up))

**CHANG FENG-TAI** —Head of Finance Department, Honan, January 19, 1913. Chief Civil Administrator, Honan, July 5, 1913. — p. 500 ([scan leaf 523](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n523/mode/1up))

**CHANG FU-YUAN** —Chekiang. Born 1878. Graduate of Japanese University. After returning from Japan he was teacher to several Law Schools in Chekiang. During Revolution he was made Chief of the Civil Department and Acting Chief of the Department of Justice, 1912. A member of the Tsan Yi Yuan. Editor of certain periodicals and a lawyer. Chinputang. — p. 500 ([scan leaf 523](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n523/mode/1up))

**CHANG HSI-LUAN** —Honan. Formerly Taotai at Mukden. Acting Commissioner of Finance, Mukden, August, 1907. Substantive Commissioner of Finance, January, 1908. Governor of Shansi, November, 1911. From March to August, 1912, was Tutuh of Chihli. In August was appointed Commissioner for the Pacification of the Western Frontier of Manchuria. Appointed Acting Tutuh of Fengtien, November 3, on the resignation of Chao Erh-hsün. Substantive ditto, November 16, 1912. Additional Acting Tutuh of Kirin, June 13, 1913. Chiangchun of Hupeh, 1915. Field-Marshal, December, 1915. — p. 500 ([scan leaf 523](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n523/mode/1up))

**CHANG HSUN** —Kiangsi. An old-type military officer. Brigade-General, Ningyuanfu, Szechuan, 1904. Commander-in-Chief, Yunnan, February, 1908, but did not proceed. Commander-in-Chief, Kansu, September, 1908. Commander-in-Chief of the Kiangnan forces, 1911, with headquarters at Nanking, and permission to wear the Yellow Jacket. Was in command at Nanking when that city was attacked by the revolutionary forces, and effected a masterly retreat to the northern bank of the river, although he had no warships at his disposal. Thereafter he commandeered practically all the available rolling stock of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway, using it as a portable camp for his forces. Though barbarously severe, he won universal admiration by the manner in which he preserved discipline among his forces, and peace and order in the neighbourhood in which he encamped. He was made Viceroy of the Liang-Kiang provinces as an inducement to reconquer them for the Imperial family. He continued to occupy important points upon the Tientsin-Pukow Railway for months after the abdication of the Manchus, although offered commands in Tibet and elsewhere. Full General, July 17, 1913. Pacificator of Kiangsu, July 19, 1913. Recaptured Nanking, September 1. Appointed Tutuh of Kiangsu. Owing to the outrages of his troops had to apologize to Japanese Consul at Nanking. Succeeded by Feng Kuo-chang. Appointed Field-Marshal and High Inspector of the Yangtze provinces, 1915. Created Duke of the First Order, December, 1915. — p. 500 ([scan leaf 523](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n523/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**CHANG HU** Salt Commissioner, Changlu (Chihli), May, 1912. Salt Commissioner, Liang Huai, November 14, 1912. Vice-Minister of Finance, September 14, 1913. Chief of Central Salt Administration. Dismissed June 21, 1915. — p. 501 ([scan leaf 524](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n524/mode/1up))

**CHANG HUNG CH'UAN** Hunan. Born 1878. A Graduate of the Normal School of Hunan and studied in a Normal School in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. After graduating in Hunan Normal School was appointed by Mr. Hsiung Hsi-ling to manage educational affairs in the west of Hunan. After returning from Japan was appointed by the Viceroy Chao of Fengtien to become sectional chief of the Agriculture Experiment Department in Fengtien, and then was sent to investigate the agricultural and other conditions of the three provinces. A member of the Committee of Chinputang. Author of the Result of the Investigation of the Cultivation of the Three Eastern Provinces. — p. 501 ([scan leaf 524](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n524/mode/1up))

**CHANG I-OU** Kiangsu. Born 1880. A Graduate of a University in Japan and a University in Belgium. Chief of the Department o. Mineralogy of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. — p. 501 ([scan leaf 524](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n524/mode/1up))

**CH'ANG JU-CHING** Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Tarbagatai, April 25th, 1913. — p. 501 ([scan leaf 524](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n524/mode/1up))

**CHANG JUI-CHI** Shansi. Born 1871. A Chensu of the late Dynasty, and was an official in Shensi. In the time of the Revolution was appointed Councillor to the Shensi Army and Chief Adviser of Civil Affairs. Returned to Shansi, spring of 1912, when he was made Chief of Finance Department. In January, 1913, was appointed Chief Civil Administrator, but refused to accept the post. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Author of The Poetry and other Literary Work of Lo-hcng. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 501 ([scan leaf 524](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n524/mode/1up))

**CHANG KUANG-CHIEN** Acting Provincial Treasurer, Shantung, November, 1911. Acting Governor, January, 1912. Summoned to Peking, March, 1912. Governor of Shuntienfu, December 24, 1912. Frontier Commission, Shensi and Kansu, September 19, 1913. — p. 501 ([scan leaf 524](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n524/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**CHANG KUO-KAN** —Assistant in the Bureau of Estimates, Cabinet, June, 1911. Retired January, 1912. Head of Civil Service Department of Cabinet, May, 1912. Secretary to Cabinet, October 6, 1912. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CH'ANG LIEN** Deputy Lieutenant-General, Ninhsia, June, 1911. Tartar General Ninghsia, July 29, 1912. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG LIEN-KUEI** —Shansi. Born 1880. A Graduate of the University at Tokio. Chujen of the late Dynasty. In the first year of Republic was a Director of the High Agriculture and Forestry College in Shansi, then a member of the Provisional National Council, and a member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Chengyuhui. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG LU-CH'ÜAN** —Shantung. Born 1880. Graduate of a High School in Shantung and the Agricultural School in Paoting. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Has been engaged in an enterprise in the colonization and cultivation of Fengtien Province. After having graduated he was engaged in an investigation in agricultural conditions of several places. During the Revolution he led an army and captured Kaomi and Chucheng, and when the Manchu abdication took place he came to Tsinan and organized the Provisional Provincial Assembly. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG MIN-CHEN** —Compiler, Commission for Codification of Laws, July 26, 1912. Councillor, Department of Legislation. Cabinet, August 31, 1912. Deputy for Organization of National Assembly, September 10, 1912. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG MING-CHI** — Shantung. Acting Financial Commissioner, Kuangsi, July, 1905. Acting Governor, December, 1906. Governor of Kuangsi, June, 1907. Acting Viceroy of Liangkiang provinces, October, 1910, and substantive Viceroy, April, 1911, until the Revolution. Chief Civil Administrator, Kuangsi, October 24, 1913. Civil Governor of Kuangtung, 1914. Governor of Kuangsi, 1915. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG PEI-CHIEH** —Civil Administrator of Szechuan, July, 1912, to September 24, 1913. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG PO-LIEH** —Hupeh. Studied law in Japan. A strenuous opponent of the nationalization of the railways by the Manchu Government. A Hupeh member of the House of Representatives. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG SHAO-PAI** —Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Sinkiang, April 25, 1913. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG SHAO-TSENG** —Councillor to President, April 19, 1912. Military Governor to Suiyuancheng, October 12, 1912. Deputy Military Commissioner and Assistant-Resident at Kiakhta, 1915. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG SHI-YU** —Secretary of the General Department at the Headquarters of the Generalissimo of the Army and Navy, 1915. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))

**CHANG TSUNG-HSIANG** —Chekiang. Graduate of a Law College in Japan, Superintendent of Police at Peking, 1908-10. Deputy Commissioner of Constitutional Department of the Cabinet, June, 1911. Retired, January, 1912. Chief of Law Department of Cabinet, April, 1912. Chief Justice of Supreme Court, June, 1912, and President of the Commission for the Codification of Laws. Non-partisan. — p. 502 ([scan leaf 525](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n525/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**CHANG TSUNG-YUAN** Acting Vice-Minister of Finance, June, 1912. Vice-Minister, August, 1912. Financial Commissioner Abroad, November 6, 1912. — p. 503 ([scan leaf 526](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n526/mode/1up))

**CHANG TA-YI** Yunnan. Born 1883. Graduate of a Law School in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was editor of Yunnan Cha-chih, and Yunnan Colloquial Newspaper. A member of the Committee of Tung Meng Hui. He was one of those who captured Shanghai. He organized a regiment to attack Nanking. Chief Secretary of the Ministry of the Interior in the Nanking Government. After the removal of the Republican capital from Nanking to Peking he was made investigator of the Bureau of Merits, for the Yunnan section. Was appointed Chief of the High Court of Yunnan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 503 ([scan leaf 526](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n526/mode/1up))

**CHANG YAO-CHENG** Yunnan. Born 1884. Graduate of a University in Japan. When the Nanking Government was organized he was the representative of Yunnan. Was a member of both the Advisory Council of Nanking and Provisional Council in Peking. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan and the Constitutional Drafting Committee. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. Minhsientang. — p. 503 ([scan leaf 526](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n526/mode/1up))

**CHANG YI-CHU** Hunan. Born 1885. Studied in France. Appointed by the Nanking Government Representative to France, and resigned third month of the same year. In the sixth month he was appointed Commissioner of Foreign Affairs of Yunnan, and was appointed in the fourth month of the second year special Delegate for Foreign Affairs. Supervisor of the Tengyueh Customs, 1915. — p. 503 ([scan leaf 526](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n526/mode/1up))

**CHANG YI-LING** Minister of Education. — p. 503 ([scan leaf 526](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n526/mode/1up))

**CHANG YIN-TANG** Accompanied Mr. Tang Shao-yi to Calcutta, 1904. Special Commissioner to investigate Tibetan affairs, 1905. Assistant Resident, Tibet, December, 1906. Negotiated Tibetan Trade Regulations, 1907-8. Senior Councillor, Waiwupu, January, 1909. Chinese Minister at Washington, August, 1909. — p. 503 ([scan leaf 526](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n526/mode/1up))

**CHANG YUAN-CHI** Fukien. Commissioner for Industrial Affairs, Mukden, August, 1907. Acting as Commissioner of Education, February 12. Under S. of S. for Interior, April 12. Ordered to vacate post and await other appointment, May 12. Chief Civil Administrator of Fukien, November 16, 1912. Resigned, November 20, 1913. Governor of Fengtien, 1915. — p. 503 ([scan leaf 526](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n526/mode/1up))

**CHANG YU-CHUAN** Secretary, Waichiaopu, August 16, 1912. Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Kiangsu, June 26, 1913. Acting Superintendent of Customs, Wuhu, October 13, 1913; also Delegate for Foreign Affairs for Anhui. — p. 503 ([scan leaf 526](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n526/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**CHANG YU-CHUN** Military Adviser to the President, April, 1912. — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))

**CHANG YU-KENG** Shantung. Born 1870. Graduate of a Japanese Normal School. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was several years a teacher to various schools. Chinputang. — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))

**CHANG YU-TUNG** Kueichow. Born 1881. A Graduate of a Japanese University. A Councillor of the Ministry of the Interior, and one of the delegates for the Preparation of the National Assembly. Was a member of the Tung Meng Hui. Author of The Principle of the Constitution. — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))

**CHANG WEN-SHENG** Commissioner of Occupation, Hsuchow, July 30, 1913. — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))

**CHAO CH'ING** Yunnan. Born 1871. A Graduate of Law School in Yunnan. Was a teacher of both Normal School and Middle School in Yunnan. Established more than forty primary schools in Yunnan. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))

**CHAO CH'UN-LIEN** Kiangsu. Born 1867. Chingsu of the late Dynasty. Vice-Minister of Finance, October, 1912, and Vice-Director of Shui Wu Chu, April, 1913. After obtaining the degree of Chingsu, he was appointed magistrate of Kiangsi, where he held several responsible posts, and was ordered to Peking by special edict to fill several important posts as director of various Bureaux. Was a member of the late Chu Cheng Yuan, and Councillor of both the Ministries of Industry and Commerce and Finance. Kuomintang. Retired, October 13, 1913. Accountant of Bank of China, 1915. Appointed Joint Investigator of the Likin System. — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))

**CHAO CHUN-TENG** Commissioner of Pacification, Kueichow, July 29, 1912. — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))

**CHAO ERH-HSÜN** Chinese Bannerman. Prefect of Kueiyang, 1893. Judicial Commissioner of Anhui, April, 1895, and of Shansi, July, 1898. Financial Commissioner, New Dominion, November, 1898, and of Shansi, 1902. Governor, Hunan, January, 1903. Acting President of Board of Revenue, August, 1904. Tartar General, Mukden, May, 1905. Viceroy, Szechuan, May, 1907, but did not proceed. Viceroy, Hu-Kuang, September, 1907. Viceroy, Szechuan, March, 1908, where he remained until recalled to take up the post of Viceroy of Manchuria in April, 1911. He held this post until a Bill was passed placing him upon an equal footing with the Tutuhs of Kirin and Shengking. As Tutuh of Fengtien, however, he was virtually given supreme control of military and diplomatic affairs in the three Manchuria provinces. Resigned post of Tutuh of Fengtien, November 3, 1913. "Friend of Sungchan" (see Hsu Shih-chang). — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))

**CHAO PING-LIN** Kuangsi. Born 1875. Was a Hanlin compiler and then a Censor in the late Ching Dynasty. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Non-partisan. Author of Memorials of the Censorate and The Poetry and Compositions of Po-Yen. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 504 ([scan leaf 527](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n527/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**CHAO SHIH-CH'IN** —Szechuan. Born 1877. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Most of his time was engaged in teaching-work, and was editor of Szechuan Daily News and Hsi-su Hsin Wen. Kunghotang. — p. 505 ([scan leaf 528](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n528/mode/1up))

**CHAO TSENG-FANG** Supervisor of the Changsha Customs, and later of the Canton Customs, 1915. — p. 505 ([scan leaf 528](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n528/mode/1up))

**CHAO TSUNG-FAN** —Industrial Taotai, Kiangsi, February, 1911. Supervisor of Finance, Anhui, June, 1911. Secretary of Ministry of Finance, September, 1912. Acting Chief Civil Administrator, Kiangsu, March, 1913. Director of the Gold Mining Bureau, 1915. — p. 505 ([scan leaf 528](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n528/mode/1up))

**CHAO WEI-HSI** —Kiangsi. Literary Chancellor of Kueichow, spring, 1901. Law Commissioner, Kansu, November, 1911. Acting Viceroy of Shensi and Kansu, March, 1912. Tutuh of Kansu, March, 1912. Deputy Commissioner for Pacification of Kiangsi, July 17, 1913. — p. 505 ([scan leaf 528](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n528/mode/1up))

**CHEN AN-LIANG** —Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Hunan. — p. 505 ([scan leaf 528](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n528/mode/1up))

**CHEN CHAO-CH'ANG** —Kuangtung. Associated with Jeme Tien-yu in the construction of the Peking-Kalgan Railway. Junior Councillor of Ministry of Communications, December, 1906. Removed from office, January, 1907. Acting Deputy Lieutenant-General of Hunch'un, December, 1907. Acting Governor of Kirin, August, 1908. Governor of Kirin, July, 1910. Tutuh of Kirin, 1912. Member of the Kunghotang. Resigned position of Tutuh and Chief Civil Administrator of Kirin, June 13, 1913. Appointed Civil Administrator of Kuangtung, June 14, 1913. Did not take up duties. — p. 505 ([scan leaf 528](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n528/mode/1up))

**CH'EN CHEN-HSIEN** —Kuangtung. Born 1876. Graduate of the University of California. Became a Christian at 19 years of age. Was attaché to the Chinese Legation at Washington, and an interpreter of the Chinese Consulate in California. When returned to China obtained the title of Chensu, 1907, and Hanlin Compiler, 1908. Was five years chief of the Department for the Agricultural Experiments, and Director of the Agricultural School at Fengtien. Sent to Europe and America by Viceroy Chao of Mukden to study the system of cultivation and colonization, 1911. Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, May, 1912. Minister of the same Ministry, July, 1912. Acting Minister of Education, March, 1913, and resigned the post of Minister of Education, May, 1913. Resigned the post of Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, September, 1913. Author of Ten Rules Governing the Use of Variant Tones in Cantonese, One View of the Integral Calculus, etc. etc. — p. 505 ([scan leaf 528](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n528/mode/1up))

**CHEN CHI-MEI** —Chekiang. Started life as an apprentice to a pawnshop-keeper, and was subsequently engaged in the silk trade in Shanghai, where he joined the revolutionary party. Studied in Japan, returning to China in 1907. Attempted unsuccessfully to establish a revolutionary newspaper in Hankow. Arrested several times on suspicion, but released. Supplied the revolutionaries at Canton with ammunition during the abortive rising there. On the outbreak of the Revolution at Shanghai he led a small contingent to the Kiangnan arsenal, but was captured. On the capture of the arsenal by the revolutionaries he was elected Tutuh of Shanghai. Took a prominent part in organizing the outbreaks at Hankow, Wuchang, Soochow, and Nanking, and in supplying funds and ammunition for the attack upon the latter. Elected Minister of Commerce and Industry in the first Republican Cabinet, but never came to Peking to take up his post, from which he resigned in June. A member of the Tung Meng Hui. Visited Peking, in company with General Huang Hsing, in September, 1912. Took a leading part in the Rebellion at Shanghai, July to August, 1913. Deprived of all ranks, July 22, 1913. Now proscribed and in exile. — p. 505 ([scan leaf 528](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n528/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**CHEN CHI-YIN** Councillor, Ministry of Industry and Commerce, September 5, 1912. — p. 506 ([scan leaf 529](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n529/mode/1up))

**CH'EN CHIN-TAO** Educated abroad. One of China's best-known financial experts. Former Manager of the Taching Bank. Head of Audit Department, Ministry of Finance, September, 1912. Was offered the post of Vice-Minister of Finance in Yuan Shih-kai's November Cabinet, but refused it, and accepted instead the post of Minister of Finance in the Provisional Republican Cabinet. Was again offered, but did not accept, the post of Vice-Minister of Finance on the formation of the first Republican Cabinet. Proceeded to Europe to attend The Hague Conference on Bills of Exchange, etc. Financial Representative Abroad, November, 1913. — p. 506 ([scan leaf 529](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n529/mode/1up))

**CHEN CHIUNG-MIN** Tutuh of Kuangtung, June 14, 1913. Participated in the Rebellion and was dismissed July 26, 1913. Now in exile abroad. Concerned in the Yunnan revolt, 1915-16. — p. 506 ([scan leaf 529](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n529/mode/1up))

**CHEN ER-NGAN** Governor, Szechuan, 1915. — p. 506 ([scan leaf 529](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n529/mode/1up))

**CH'EN HUAN-NAN** Hunan. Born 1881. Graduate of Middle School at Hupeh, and a returned student from Japan. After returning from abroad was engaged as teacher in Government schools, and established forty-eight Primary schools in his native town. Was four years agitating for Revolution in Kuangsi; afterwards fled from his native place to evade arrest. Rendered valuable services in winning Kuangsi to the revolutionary cause. Was clerk to the Military Department in Kuangsi Tutuh's Yamen; Military Adviser of the 3rd Army Division. Political Adviser to the Tutuh of Hunan; member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 506 ([scan leaf 529](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n529/mode/1up))

**CHEN HUAN** General. Deputy Chief of the General Staff, January, 1915. — p. 506 ([scan leaf 529](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n529/mode/1up))

**CHEN HUI-TEH** Native of Chinkiang. Graduated in America. At one time manager of Bank of Kiangsu. Chief Manager of the Commercial Savings Bank, 1915. — p. 506 ([scan leaf 529](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n529/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**CHEN I-FAN (Ivan Chen)** Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Kiangsu, April 15, 1913. Commissioner for Pacification of Tibet, June 14, 1913. Chinese Delegate to Simla Conference. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CH'EN KUANG-YUAN** Commissioner of Occupation, Chihfeng, July 21, 1913. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CHEN KUO-CHI** Supervisor of the Chungking Customs, 1915. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CHEN KUO-HSIANG** Kueichow member of the Chung Yi-Yuan. Vice-Speaker, ditto, 1913. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CH'EN LU** Fukien. Born 1876. A Graduate of Hupeh Chuchian College, and a Graduate of a Law School in Paris (Licencié de la Faculté de Droit de Paris). Chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs since April, 1912. In Kuang Hsu 32nd year, went with five Commissioners as interpreter to study political affairs in Europe. Was attaché to the Chinese Legation in France; Delegate to the Second Peace Conference at Hague; a teacher in the Law Department of the Government University in Peking. Obtained the Chensu degree and was made a Hanlin Compiler. Chinputang. High Military Commissioner and Resident-General at Urga, 1915. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CH'EN MAO-TING** Fukien. Acting Junior Secretary and Acting Senior Secretary of Waichiaopu, 1909. Councillor of Privy Council, August, 1911. Councillor of Waichiaopu, April, 1912. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CH'EN PAO-CH'EN** Fukien. Sub-Chancellor of Grand Secretariat, with rank of a Vice-President of Board of Ceremonies, April, 1910. Governor of Shansi, June, 1911. Tutor to the Emperor, July, 1911. Advisory Minister to Privy Council, August, 1911. Vice President Imperial Historiography Department, February, 1912. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CHEN PIH** Councillor of Tsanchengyuan. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CH'EN SHAN** Yunnan. Born 1877. Censor. Graduate of Yunnan Law School. Established Primary schools for boys and girls in his native town, and opened an Industrial Institute for those who were unemployed. Organized Tien Hsueh Hui, a revolutionary organ. Was member of the Chu Yi Chu of Yunnan. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan and member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. Has been connected with some enterprise in cultivation of waste land, cattle raising, and salt business. Chinputang. Author of Historical Essays, Explanation on some Difficult Parts of Olden Poems, The Principles of Law, How to develop Yunnan, and The Future of China. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CH'EN TIEN-CHI** Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Soochow, April 15, 1913. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CH'EN WEI** Head of Department of Ministry of Finance, November 10, 1912. Acting Chief Director of Bank of China, July 5, 1913. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))

**CHEN WEI-KENG** Director of the Salt Transport Office in Kirin and Heilungkiang, 1915. — p. 507 ([scan leaf 530](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n530/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**CHEN WEN-TSAO** Finance Secretary of Shensi, 1915. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CH'EN YI** Senior Secretary, Ministry of Communications, January, 1912. Councillor, Bureau for Mongolia and Tibet, August, 1912. Deputy for Organization of National Assembly, September, 1912. Secretary, Ministry of Communications, December 18, 1912. Chiang-chün of Szechuan, 1915. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CH'EN YU** Chief of Financial Department, Shansi, February, 1913. Chief Civil Administrator, Shansi, June 4, 1913. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CHEN YUN-CHUNG** Kiangsu. Born 1873. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CH'EN YUNG-SHAN** Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Swatow, April 25, 1913. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CHIEN YUNG-MING** Graduated in Tokio (High Commercial School). Superintendent of the Chinese Siyün (Road Transport) Co., 1915. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CHENG CHIA-HAO** Hupeh. Born 1881. Educated in Jih Hsin College of Wuchang, and a college in Japan. One of the representatives in the negotiations between the North and the South. Was Councillor of the Tutuh's Yamen of Hupeh, and the examiner of the high officials of Hupeh. Adviser to the Right Wing of the Northern Expedition Army. Was proprietor of the Hupeh Daily News. Member of the Tsan Yi Yuan. Established Te-yu-hui in Wuchang to plan for Revolution; this hui was reorganized and became Minhsia, which was finally amalgamated into Kunghotang. Kunghotang. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CHENG CH'IEN** Administrative Secretary of Kuangtung, 1915. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CHENG JU-CH'ENG** Admiral. Commissioner of Occupation, Shanghai, July 28, 1913. Commandant of Precautionary Area, Shanghai, August 6, 1913. Director of Kiangnan Arsenal, August 14, 1913. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CHENG MOU-TING** Member of the Tsanchengyuan (Council of State). — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CH'ENG SHIH-CHI** Kiangsi. Born 1876. Educated in Chin Tan College, Shanghai, and a Graduate of Law School at Peking. Was secretary to a railway company, and other yamens; two years as a teacher of a Railway College at Shanhaikuan; attaché to the Chinese Legation at Paris for four years; three years a clerk in the Railway Department of the Ministry of Communications; and is now Director of Tao-Ching Railway Company, appointed in October, 1911. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CH'ENG TE-CH'UAN** Szechuan. Acting Tartar General of Heilungkiang in the winter of 1906. Acting Governor of Heilungkiang, May, 1907. Resigned, March, 1908. Acting Governor of Fengtien, May, 1909. Governor of Fengtien, July, 1909. Governor of Kiangsu, April, 1910. Appointed Tutuh of Kiangsu on April 13, 1912. Belongs to no party. Superseded during the Rebellion, 1913. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))

**CH'ENG TO** Kiangsi. Born 1884. Graduate of a University in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. After returning from Japan started a Law College in Kiangsi. During the time of Revolution he with a few friends organized the War Office in Kiangsi, and became chief of the Bureau of Foreign Affairs. Then was elected as member of the Provisional Assembly of Kiangsi. He was appointed Magistrate of Chi An, which post he refused to accept, but was engaged as teacher and director of several law colleges. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 508 ([scan leaf 531](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n531/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**CHENTUNG LIANG CH'ENG (SIR)** Kuangtung. Educated in U.S.A. On the staff of the Queen Victoria Jubilee Mission, on which occasion he received a K.C.M.G. First Secretary of Prince Chün's mission to Germany, 1901. Chinese Minister to America and Peru, October, 1902-7. Director of Canton Section of Canton-Hankow Railway, 1907. Chinese Minister to Germany, March, 1910. Retired. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))

**CH'I CHUNG-CHIA** Kirin. Born 1863. Hanlin Compiler, and a Taotai of Kueichow. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. In Tangyuen-hsien, Kirin, he started an immigration enterprise, and within the space of a few years he has succeeded in sending several thousands of families to colonize several thousands of "chins" of waste land. Chinputang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))

**CH'I KO-T'AN** Outer Mongolia. Born 1888. Graduate of the Police College, Peking. Prince of the 4th Order of Ko-er-ko ; member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan for Outer Mongolia. Chinputang. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))

**CH'I YUEH-LIN** Kirin. Yung-ting-ho Tao Chihli, February, 1908. Tientsin Tao, April, 1908. Jud. Comm., Chihli, January, 1910. Provincial Treasurer, Honan, November, 1911. Governor Honan, December, 1911; resigned, April, 1912. Chief Civil Administrator, Kirin, June 13, 1913. Civil Governor of Kiangsu, August, 1915. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))

**CHIA PIN-CH'ING** Acting Deputy Lieutenant-Governor, Kueihuacheng, June 16, 1913. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))

**CHIANG CHAO-CHUNG** Acting Commander of Gendarmerie, July 14, 1912. Deputy Lieutenant-General, Bordered Red Chinese Banner, August 19, 1912. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))

**CHIANG HSI-MING** Hupeh. Born 1877. A Graduate of a University in Japan. Delegate for the preparation of the establishment of the Bank of China. Was a teacher in the Government University in Peking. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Author of Self Government, Taxes, etc. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))

**CHIANG KO-CH'ING** Chief Administrative Secretary, Fukien. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))

**CHIANG KUEI-TI** Anhui. A General who is over seventy years of age. He was cashiered for the loss of Port Arthur to the Japanese, but his rank was subsequently restored to him with a title for bravery. Commander-in-Chief, Kansu, February, 1901. In command of Imperial Guards at Peking (July, 1901-February, 1908). On special service in Kiangnan, February, 1908. Commander-in-Chief, Chihli, September, 1908. Summoned to Peking to take charge of the defence of the capital on the outbreak of the Revolution. His old-style troops (the bulk of them, known as the Wu Wei-chun, are generally stationed at Tungchow, near Peking) rendered signal service in preserving order in the capital both during and after the Revolution, and remained loyal when the Third Division mutinied at Peking. General Chiang was appointed Lieut.-General at Jehol on April 26, 1912. His troops at Tungchow mutinied and looted the town in August, 1912, and he is reported to have ordered the execution of his own grandson. Created Duke of the First Order, December, 1915. — p. 509 ([scan leaf 532](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n532/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**CHIANG TSENG-WEI** Sent as Pacification Commissioner to Yunnan, December, 1915. — p. 510 ([scan leaf 533](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n533/mode/1up))

**CHIANG TSO-PING** Hupeh. Born 1883. After graduation in a Middle School he studied in Japan, and is a Graduate of the Training School for Military Officers in Japan. Chujen of the late Ching Dynasty. Played a prominent part in the late Revolution, for which he agitated for a long time. Is Lieutenant-General of the Army, and is the Vice-President of the Ministry of War, appointed on January 4, 1912. Was a member of Tung Meng Hui, but resigned the membership. — p. 510 ([scan leaf 533](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n533/mode/1up))

**CHIANG WEI-CH'IAO** Kiangsu. Born 1872. Educated in the High School of Nanching. Councillor to the Ministry of Education. Chief Secretary to the Ministry of Education at Nanking, May, 1912. Director of Ai-kuo Girls' School at Shanghai, and was one of the editors of the Commercial Press at Shanghai. Non-partisan. Author of several Chinese Readers for the primary schools. — p. 510 ([scan leaf 533](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n533/mode/1up))

**CHIANG YEN-HSING** Judicial Commissioner, Chiang Huai, July 5, 1913. Defence Commissioner, Kiang Pei, August 27, 1913. — p. 510 ([scan leaf 533](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n533/mode/1up))

**CHIN CHAO-YEN** Chekiang. Born 1878. A Graduate of the Government University in Peking. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan and the Constitution-Drafting Committee. Was Director of the Middle School in Chinhwafu; a teacher of various other schools; the Magistrate of Yung-chia Hsien. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 510 ([scan leaf 533](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n533/mode/1up))

**CHIN PANG-YING** Vice-Minister of Agriculture. — p. 510 ([scan leaf 533](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n533/mode/1up))

**CHIN YUN-P'ENG** Temporarily in charge as Tutuh of Shantung, August 18, 1913. Acting Tutuh, September 17, 1913. — p. 510 ([scan leaf 533](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n533/mode/1up))

**CHING, Prince (I-K'UANG)** Imperial Clansman, Prince of the Third Order, 1884. President of the Tsungli Yamen, April, 1884. Second Director of Imperial Clan Court. Associate-Director of Board of Admiralty, October, 1885. Grand Chamberlain, Vice-President Imperial Clan Court, Lieut.-General Bordered Yellow Banner, Superintendent of Customs and Octroi, Peking, August, 1891. Director-General of Board of Admiralty, September, 1901. Director of Imperial Equipage Department. Superintendent Imperial Armoury, Prince of First Order, February, 1894. President of Council of Government, April, 1901. President of Board of Foreign Affairs, July, 1901. Grand Councillor, April, 1903. President of Council of Army Reorganization, November, 1903. Comptroller-General of Army Board, May, 1907. Hereditary Prince of First Order, December, 1908. Star of First Class, Second Division, January, 1909. Supervisor-in-Chief of Naval Reorganization, February, 1909. Resigned Comptrollership of Army Board, July, 1909. Premier in the first Chinese Cabinet established by Imperial Decree in May, 1911. Dismissed from Premiership, and appointed President of the Privy Council on November 1, 1911. Retired into private life on the abdication of the Manchus, and now resides at Tientsin. He is reported to have been deprived of his rank by the Empress Dowager in June, 1912. — p. 510 ([scan leaf 533](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n533/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**CHIU KUAN-FÊN** Kiangsi. Born 1885. A Graduate of a University in Japan. Was a Chujen and a Magistrate in Shensi, in the late Dynasty. During the Revolution he was made Chief of Finance Department in the War Office, and was a sectional chief in the Finance Department of the Province. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 511 ([scan leaf 534](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n534/mode/1up))

**CH'IU TUNG-YU** Chekiang. L. Jud. Com. and Hei-Shui Tao Heilungkiang, winter, 1906. Commissioner of Heilungkiang, April, 1909, Head of Law Preparation Department, January 19, 1913. — p. 511 ([scan leaf 534](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n534/mode/1up))

**CHOU CHAO-HSIANG** Police Intendent, Szechuan, August, 1910. Vacated office, July, 1911. Intendent of Industry, Fengtien, November, 1911. Acting Inspector-General of Police Administration, Peking, July 18, 1913. Acting Salt Commissioner, Shantung, July 22, 1913. — p. 511 ([scan leaf 534](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n534/mode/1up))

**CHOU CH'ANG-SHOU** Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Ningpo, April 15, 1913. — p. 511 ([scan leaf 534](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n534/mode/1up))

**CHOU CHIN-PIAO** Taoyin of Shanghai, 1914. Special Envoy of the Ministry of Foreign Intercourse in Kiangsu, 1915. — p. 511 ([scan leaf 534](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n534/mode/1up))

**CHOU HSUEH-HSI** Anhui. Salt Commissioner, Chihli, January, 1907. Mourning, December, 1907. Promoter and Director of Peking Waterworks. Elected President of the Anhui Railway Co., with approval of the Throne, March, 1908. Was largely instrumental in arranging the amalgamation of the Kaiping and Lanchow Mines during the winter of 1911-12. Elected Minister of Finance in Lu Cheng-hsiang's Cabinet, on July 26, 1912. Director-General of Revenue Council, December 18, 1912. Resigned on the formation of Hsiung Hsi-ling's Cabinet. Minister of Finance, 1914. Director-General of the Salt Bureau, 1915. Resigned, 1915. — p. 511 ([scan leaf 534](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n534/mode/1up))

**CHOU TZU-CH'I** Shantung. Educated in America. Acting Junior Secretary of the Board of Foreign Affairs, September, 1908. Acting Senior Secretary of the same Board, January, 1909. Junior Secretary (January, 1909) and Senior Secretary (May, 1909) of the Board of Foreign Affairs. Acting Junior Councillor (July, 1909) and Acting Senior Councillor (August, 1909). Accompanied Prince Tsai Hsun's Naval Mission to Japan and America, August, 1910, and also Prince Tsai Chen's Coronation Mission in 1911. Rejoined Board of Foreign Affairs upon his return. Appointed Vice-Minister of Finance in Yuan Shih-kai's November Cabinet on the refusal of that post by Dr. Chen Chin-tao. Acting Minister of Finance, March, 1912. After complications arose in connection with the Belgian Loan he was appointed Tutuh of Shantung (March, 1912). Acting Governor, Bank of China, August 21, 1913. Minister of Communications, September 11, 1913. Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, 1915. — p. 511 ([scan leaf 534](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n534/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**CHU CHAO-HSIN** Kuangtung. Born 1879. Graduate of the Government University in Peking and Columbia University, U.S.A. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Tachungtang. Author of The Chinese Public Loans, etc. — p. 512 ([scan leaf 535](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n535/mode/1up))

**CHU CHIA-PAO** Governor of Chihli, 1915. — p. 512 ([scan leaf 535](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n535/mode/1up))

**CHU CH'I-CHIEN** Superintendent of Peking Inner Police in 1904. Subsequently a Director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. Minister of Communications (July, 1912) in Lu Cheng-hsiang's and Chao Ping-chun's Cabinet. Appointed Acting Premier, July 27, 1913, but did not accept post. Minister of Interior, September 11, 1913. — p. 512 ([scan leaf 535](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n535/mode/1up))

**CHU HSIAO-FU** Supervisor of the Lungchow Customs, 1915. — p. 512 ([scan leaf 535](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n535/mode/1up))

**CHU HSIEN-WEN** Councillor, Law Department of Cabinet, November 27, 1912. — p. 512 ([scan leaf 535](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n535/mode/1up))

**CHU JUI** Chekiang. Born 1882. A Hsiutsai of the late Dynasty, and a Graduate of Military College of Nanyang. Lieutenant-General of the Army with the brevet rank of a full General. Has been Tutuh of Chekiang since the 21st day of the 8th month of the 1st year of the Republic, and Acting Chief Civil Administrator of the same Province from the 1st day of the 3rd month of the 2nd year. When Chekiang began to organize new troops he was appointed Councillor to train the new army; then he was appointed Assistant Chief of the General Staff of Anhui Bureau for the training of the new army, and also acted as Director of the Surveying College; and then was appointed Commander of the 81st Brigade. On September 14th, 1911, he led his brigade to attack and occupy the Arsenal, and also Hangchow City. Then he, with the help of Kiangsu troops, marched to Nanking. After capture of Nanking he was made General of the 1st Army Division of Chekiang. In the 1st month of the 1st year of the Republic he placed his troops at Hsuchow and Soochow. When the quarrel about the removal of the capital to the South was at its height, he settled the matter by a telegram. Promoted General of the 5th Army Division, and stayed at Nanking for half a year. In the 5th month he returned to Chekiang, and was appointed Tutuh of Chekiang. In the 9th month appointed Lieutenant-General with the brevet rank of full General of the Army. In the 2nd year, when the policy of the division of the military and civil administrations was decided upon, he was appointed Acting Chief Civil Administrator of Chekiang. When the Kiangsi rebellion broke out he took strict measures to ensure peace and order of the Province and sent troops to assist other Provinces in the suppression of rebellion. Nonpartisan. Author of Conditions in the Armies of various Powers. Chiangchun of Chekiang, 1915. — p. 512 ([scan leaf 535](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n535/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**CH'U LIEN** Acting Salt Commissioner, Liangkuang, August 8, 1913. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**CHU CHAO** Director of the Gold Mining Office in Heilungkiang, 1915. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**CHU PENG-SHOU** Supervisor of the Ichang Customs, 1915. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**CHU TING-CHI** Kiangsu. Born 1886. Graduate of Harvard University. Councillor of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**CHUANG YUN-K'UAN** T'ai-P'ing-Ssu-Shun Tao, Kuangsi, spring, 1908. Commissioner for the opening of Pukow, December 4, 1912. Tutieh of Kiangsu, 1913. President of the Board of Censors, 1915. Resigned, February, 1916. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**CH'UAN LIANG** Hupeh. Born 1875. A returned student from Japan. Chu-jen of the late Ching Dynasty. Industrial Adviser to the Viceroy of Hupeh; started the Commercial College of Hupeh; and was Director of the Commercial Department of the Government University, Peking. Is now Officiating Councillor of the Ministry of Communications and Acting Chief of the Railway Department. Is High Adviser of the Vice-President, and Committee Member of the Central Commercial Society and the Railway Association of the whole country. Chinputang. Author of The Latest Algebra, Commerce, Finance, and Primers on the Japanese Language. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**CH'UN, Prince** Ex-Regent. Brother of the late Emperor Kuang Hsu. Succeeded to his father's title in January, 1891. Lieutenant-General of Plain White Banner, June, 1901. Special Envoy to Germany to apologize for the murder of the German Minister, July, 1901. Supernumerary Grand Councillor, June, 1907. Grand Councillor, February, 1908. Member of Commission of Constitutional Reform and Government Council, 1908. Appointed Prince Regent on the death of the Emperor Kuang Hsu, November 13, 1908. Took the oath of observance of the Constitution on November 26, 1911. Resigned from the Regency on December 6, 1911. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**CHUNG SHIH-MING** Secretary of the Salt Bureau, 1915. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**CHUNG WEN-HU** Taoyin of the West Szechuan Circuit, 1915. Superintendent of the Chünchuanyuan Bank of Szechuan, 1915. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**EN HUA** Kiangsu. Councillor of the Privy Council, August, 1911. A Secretary of the Cabinet, May, 1912. Resigned, May 17, 1913. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))

**FAN TSENG-HSIANG** Hupeh. Judicial Commissioner, Shensi, August, 1901. Employed in Government Council, July, 1901. Judicial Commissioner, Chekiang, January, 1903, and Shensi, October, 1903. Financial Commissioner, Shensi, December, 1904. Cashiered, January, 1907. Rank restored, January, 1908. Financial Commissioner, Nanking, spring, 1908. Civil Administrator, Hupeh, April, 1912. — p. 513 ([scan leaf 536](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n536/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**FAN YUAN-LIEN** Has a reputation as a Chinese scholar. Vice-Minister of Education on the formation of the first Republican Cabinet, and subsequently Minister of Education in Lu Chenghsiang's Cabinet. Resigned, April, 1913. — p. 514 ([scan leaf 537](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n537/mode/1up))

**FANG SHÊ-FU** Salt Commissioner for the Lianghuai districts, 1915. — p. 514 ([scan leaf 537](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n537/mode/1up))

**FANG SHENG-CHENG** Fukien. Born 1875. A Graduate of the Normal School of Fukien, and was a Vice-Chujen of the late Dynasty. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. In 33rd year of Kuang Hsu was a teacher at the Yun-siu school; in 34th year, an Educational Supervisor of Yun-siu, and in the 1st year of Republic, Chairman of the Anti-Opium Society in Yun-siu. Chinputang. — p. 514 ([scan leaf 537](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n537/mode/1up))

**FANG SHU** Councillor, Department of Legislation, Cabinet, August 31, 1912. Deputy for Organization of National Assembly, October 9, 1912. — p. 514 ([scan leaf 537](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n537/mode/1up))

**FÊNG CHÊN-CHI** Hupeh. Born 1887. Graduate of the Imperial University in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 514 ([scan leaf 537](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n537/mode/1up))

**FENG KUO-CHANG, Baron** Director of Noble's College, January, 1906, with rank of Deputy Lieutenant-General. Director of Military Council, Board of War, July, 1907. A Director-in-Chief of the General Staff, August, 1909. In command of the first Imperial Army at Wuchang, he succeeded in recapturing Hanyang from the revolutionaries on November 27, 1911, for which he was rewarded with the rank of Baron of the 2nd Class. Subsequently recalled to Peking, and nominated Commandant of the Imperial Guard in place of Prince Tsai Tao. Lieutenant-Governor of Chahar, December, 1911. On the establishment of the Republic he was appointed Chief of the President's Military Council. Appointment as Tutuh of Chihli published on September 11, 1912, together with an order to retain the post of Commandant of the Imperial Guard. Commissioner of Pacification, Chiang Hwai, July 23, 1913. Took part in suppressing rebellion (July-August), and was present at recapture of Nanking. Tutuh of Kiangsu. Field-Marshal, 1914. Chief of General Staff (Tang Tsai-li acting). Created Duke of the First Order, December, 1915. — p. 514 ([scan leaf 537](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n537/mode/1up))

**FENG YUAN-TING** Secretary to Tang Shao-yi when the latter was Customs Taotai at Tientsin. For some time Joint Director of the Tientsin-Pukow Railway. Vice-Minister of Communications. In charge of construction of Hukuang Railways, June 18, 1913. — p. 514 ([scan leaf 537](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n537/mode/1up))

**FU CHIANG** Chekiang. Born 1876. A Graduate of a Law School in Japan. Special Delegate for Foreign Affairs at Kirin, April 13. Chinputang. — p. 514 ([scan leaf 537](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n537/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**FU LIANG-TSO** Assistant Secretary to the President, April, 1912. Acting Commissioner of Occupation, Chi Yu, June 28, 1913. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HA HAN-CHANG** Hupeh. Assistant Director, Military Council, Board of War, 1907. A Director-in-Chief of the General Staff, September, 1909. Military Adviser to the President, April 9, 1912. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HA TÊ-ÊRH** Tu-lu-fan, Sinkiang. Born 1862. Self-educated. The 4th class hereditary Changchin of the late Ching Dynasty, and has the control of the Tien Tribe of Mohammedans. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HAN KUO-CHUN** Kiangsu. Acting Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Fengtien, April, 1910. Substantive do., September 10th. Commissioner for the Interior, Kirin, December 11. Summoned to Peking, December 12, 1912. Chief Civil Administrator, Kiangsu, June 9, 1913. Governor of Anhui, 1915. Governor of Hunan, 1915. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HAN YÜ-CHÊN** Hupeh. Born 1882. A Graduate of Hupeh Law School. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan and a lawyer. Was a Sectional Chief of the Department of Justice, Hupeh: an editor of Chung Hwa Min-kuo Kung Pao, etc., and a teacher of Law School, Hupeh. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HO KUO-CHANG** Kiangsi. P.G. Police Intendent (Acting), Kueichow, spring, 1908. In charge as Chief Civil Administrator, Kiangsi, June 8, 1913. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HO SHIH-KUO (Tsan)** Kuangtung. Born 1865. A Graduate of Kuangtung Tungwen College, and studied in Japan. Chensu of the late Dynasty. Was teacher of several schools, Director of Tsing-hwa College, Magistrate of Kirin Fu. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Author of The Outline of the Russo-Japanese War, etc. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HO TAO-YEN** Supervisor of the Changsha Customs and Special Envoy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Hunan, 1915. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HO TING-KUEI** Anhui. Born 1880. A Graduate of the Book-keeping school of Hupu. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was appointed to assist in the organization of the police in Peking. Established Hsusung College, and Director of the Industry College of Kueichow. Was appointed to establish the Court and Procuratorate, and model prison of Kueichow. Author of Chuminchung, and other poetical and literary works. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HO YU** Secretary to Cabinet, May 17, 1913. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))

**HO YÜ-SHIN** Chekiang. Born 1877. Graduate of the Engineer Department of the Japanese Imperial University at Tokio. Investigator of the Chekiang Bureau of Investigation of Mines, 33rd year of Kuang Hsu, and in the 8th moon of the same year was appointed a member of the Commission of the examination of returned students. Proceeded to Japan to investigate into the system of Japanese Imperial Universities, 34th year of Kuang Hsu. Was Director to the Engineering Department of the Government University, Peking. Chief of the Department of Mines in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Was appointed Acting Director of Government University in Peking, December, 1912. Resigned, November, 1913. — p. 515 ([scan leaf 538](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n538/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**HSI LIANG** Mongol. Governor of Shansi, October, 1900. Director-General of Yellow River, June, 1901. Acting Governor Honan, December, 1901. Governor of Honan, March, 1902. Lieutenant-Governor of Jehol, May, 1902. Viceroy of Fukien and Chekiang, April, 1903. Viceroy of Szechuan, December, 1904. Viceroy of Yunnan and Kueichow, March, 1907. Viceroy of Manchuria, February, 1909. Retired, April, 1911. Lieutenant-General of Jehol, November, 1911. Resigned, February, 1912. — p. 516 ([scan leaf 539](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n539/mode/1up))

**HSIA HENG-WU** Member of the Tsanchengyuan (Council of State). — p. 516 ([scan leaf 539](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n539/mode/1up))

**HSIA SHOU-KANG** Commissioner of Interior, Hupeh, May, 1912. Acting Chief Civil Administrator, Hupeh, October 30, 1912. Chief of Civil Service Bureau, September 25, 1913. Acting Chief Censor, July, 1914. — p. 516 ([scan leaf 539](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n539/mode/1up))

**HSIANG HSIANG** Chekiang. Born 1880. Graduate of the University of Columbia, U.S.A. Is the Councillor of the Ministry of Finance and a member of the Committee of the Bank of China. Chinputang. Is the author of A Comparison of the Administration of Four Countries, The Politics, The Recovery of Sovereign Rights, The Taxes, The Change to a Gold Standard, and The Salvation of the Country by Discharging the National Debts. Address, Hsi Fa Pu Street, Peking — p. 516 ([scan leaf 539](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n539/mode/1up))

**HSIANG JUI-KIAN** Hunan. Born 1882. A Graduate of a Commercial School in Japan. Vice-Minister of Industry and Commerce and Acting Minister of Industry and Commerce, July, 1913. President of the Society for the Protection of Chinese Merchants, and President of the Central Society for Commercial Education. Formerly was editor of several papers in Shanghai. Chinputang. — p. 516 ([scan leaf 539](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n539/mode/1up))

**HSIANG NAI-CH'I** Hunan. Born 1882. Studied Political Science in Japan. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan and a member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 516 ([scan leaf 539](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n539/mode/1up))

**HSIEH SHU-CH'IANG** Kiangsu. Born 1878. A Graduate of a University in Japan. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. When returned to China he obtained degrees in the Examination of the Board of Education, but was arrested and imprisoned for eighteen days on account of being suspected as a revolutionist. After being released he proceeded to Shanghai, where he became editor of Ta Kung Ho Jih Pao, etc., and was teacher to several schools. Chinputang. — p. 516 ([scan leaf 539](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n539/mode/1up))

**HSIEH SHU-LIN** Fengtien. Born 1875. Graduate of Normal and other schools in Fengtien. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. In the 3rd year of Hsuang Tung, from the 2nd to the 5th months, he was made Chairman of the Society for the Prevention of Plagues in Liucheng. Chinputang. — p. 516 ([scan leaf 539](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n539/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**HSIEH YU YUAN** —Kiangsu. Born 1886. Graduate of Peking Law College. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))

**HSIN HAN** —Kiangsu. Born 1877. Graduate of a University in Japan. In the late Dynasty he was a clerk in the Minchengpu, and the Chief Procurator of Chekiang. After the Restoration, Chief of the Library of Nanking and Magistrate of Nanking district, and Director of the private Law School of Nanking. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))

**HSIU CHI** —Manchu. Deputy Lieutenant-General, Plain Yellow Banner, until September, 1911. Lieutenant-General, Manchu Bordered Blue Banner, June 20, 1913. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))

**HSIUNG CH'ÊNG-CHANG** —Szechuan. Born 1885. Graduate of Political Science Department of a Japanese University at Tokio. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was Secretary to the ex-President Sun at Nanking. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))

**HSIUNG HSI-LING** — Hunan. Metropolitan Graduate of 1894. A prominent Hanlin scholar, who subsequently studied abroad in Japan and Europe. He was an intimate friend of the reformer Kang Yu-wei, and after the latter's downfall he was arrested, but promptly released. He held posts in the Boards of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce of Kiangsu and Fengtien, was Acting Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in Hupeh in 1910, and at the time of the Wuchang outbreak was Salt Finance Supervision Commissioner at Mukden. He accompanied Tuan Fang on his foreign mission in 1905. On the outbreak of the Revolution he went south and joined the republicans, becoming President of the Republican Committee in Hunan. He was appointed Minister of Finance in the first Republican Cabinet, and was responsible for the conduct of the loan negotiations with the International Group from the time of his arrival in Peking until he resigned, in June, after Tang-Shao-yi gave up the Premiership. He continued to be employed by the Government in the capacity of Chief of a Commission for the negotiation of foreign loans after his resignation, and it was he who was mainly responsible for negotiating the Crisp Loan. Sub-sequently Lieut.-General of Jehol until appointed Premier, July 31, 1913. Finance (Additional), September 11, 1913. Director-General of the National Oil Administration, 1915. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))

**HSIUNG HSIANG-SENG** —Baron, 2nd Order, February, 1916. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))

**HSU EN-YUAN** —Vice-Chief of the Board of Audit. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))

**HSU PAO-HENG** —Chekiang. Secretary to Cabinet, May, 1912. Chief of Department of Civil Service, October 18, 1912. Additional Temporary Acting Chief of Rewards Department, July 29, 1913. Confirmed in latter post, September 25, 1913. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))

**HSU PAN-LING** —Councillor, Ministry of Justice, June 9, 1913. — p. 517 ([scan leaf 540](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n540/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**HSU SHIH-CH'ANG** Chihli. Probationary Grand Councillor, June, 1905. Minister of Government Council, June, 1905. President, Board of Police, October, 1905. Grand Councillor, February, 1906. Removed from Grand Council, November, 1906. Special Mission to Manchuria, December, 1906. President of Board of Interior, December, 1906. Viceroy of Manchuria, April, 1907. President of Board of Communications, February, 1909. Director-General, Tientsin-Pukow Railway, July 1909. Grand Secretary, February, 1910. Grand Councillor, August, 1910. Appointed Vice-Premier in Prince Ching's Cabinet, in May, 1911. Removed from that post, and appointed Vice-President of the Privy Council on November 1, 1911. Chief of General Staff, November, 1911. High Commissioner for Training Imperial Guard, and Grand Guardian to the Emperor, December, 1911. Relieved of post on General Staff, February, 1912. On the resignation of the Prince Regent was appointed, with Shih Hsu, Grand Guardian of the Emperor. A "Sworn Brother" of President Yuan Shih-kai. Secretary of State, 1915. With Chao Erh-hsün, Li Ching-hsi, and Chang Chien received the title of "The Four Friends of Sungchan" (i.e. of Yuan Shih-kai), and accorded special honours in intercourse with the President. — p. 518 ([scan leaf 541](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n541/mode/1up))

**HSU SHIH-YING** Anhui. Born 1872. President of High Court of Justice at Mukden, September, 1908. Chief Justice of the High Court at Peking, May, 1912. Minister of Justice, July, 1912. Sent to Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia, Italy, Austria, Belgium, Holland and other countries to investigate the judicial system. Was also sent to the United States of America to attend the Eighth Conference of the Prison Reforms. Has been in the services of police and judiciary for fifteen years. Resigned, September 4, 1913. Chief Civil Administrator Fengtien, October 13, 1913. Governor of Fukien, 1915. — p. 518 ([scan leaf 541](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n541/mode/1up))

**HSÜ TING-SHENG** Kiangsi. Born 1878. Graduate of Yi Hsueh Kuan, Peking, and of High Normal School at Tokio. Was President of the Chinese Republican Association (branch office) at Kiangsi, 1911. Chief of the Education Department, Kiangsi, 1912. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan, 1913. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 518 ([scan leaf 541](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n541/mode/1up))

**HSU YUAN** Customs Taotai, Tientsin, April, 1912. Controller of Customs, Tientsin, December 1, 1912. Deputy of Foreign Affairs, Tientsin, March, 1913, and Honan, June 12, 1913. — p. 518 ([scan leaf 541](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n541/mode/1up))

**HU CHAO-TSUNG** Head of Department for Foreign Affairs, Hupeh, September 15, 1912. Title changed to Foreign Affairs Delegate, January 16, 1913. — p. 518 ([scan leaf 541](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n541/mode/1up))

**HU CHING-YI** Officiating Tutuh of Szechuan, July, 1912. Substantive, June, 1913. Member of the Tsanchengyuan, 1915. — p. 518 ([scan leaf 541](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n541/mode/1up))

**HU HAN-MING** Kuangtung. Studied in Japan, where he met Dr. Sun Yat-sen, of whom he became a warm admirer. Assisted the revolutionary cause as editor of a newspaper at Hongkong. After the resignation of the Provisional Tutuh of Kuangtung he was appointed to the post, but soon afterwards relinquished it to accompany Dr. Sun to Nanking in the capacity of secretary. On the resignation of Dr. Sun, Hu accompanied him to Canton, where the Acting Tutuh Chen Chun-ming promptly resigned in his favour. Hu was thereupon re-elected Tutuh by the Provincial Assembly. Is a member of the Kuomintang. Commissioner of Pacification of Tibet, June 14, 1913. Deprived of all rank during the rebellion. — p. 518 ([scan leaf 541](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n541/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**Hu Hui** Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, Kiangsi, April 15, 1913. — p. 519 ([scan leaf 542](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n542/mode/1up))

**Hu O-kung** Hupeh. Born 1885. Educated in the Chiang Han College, Hupeh; High Agriculture College, Peiyang; and High Agriculture College, Kiangsi. The Commanding Officer of both water and land forces, Hupeh. Chief of the General Department of Tutuh's office. Vice-Chief of the General Staff, Han-Yang, and the Chief of the General Staff in the North, 1911. Director for the Bureau for devising means of livelihood for the Manchus at Ching-nan. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Kunghotang. Author of The New Heaven and the New Earth, Literary Works of Ao-kung, etc. — p. 519 ([scan leaf 542](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n542/mode/1up))

**Hu Shang-yi** Administrative Secretary for Shantung, 1915. — p. 519 ([scan leaf 542](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n542/mode/1up))

**Hu Si-yi** Salt Commissioner for Chêkiang, 1915. — p. 519 ([scan leaf 542](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n542/mode/1up))

**Hu Tuan-hui** Chihli. Born 1881. Graduate of a Japanese University. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 519 ([scan leaf 542](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n542/mode/1up))

**Hu Wei-tê** Chekiang. Minister to Russia, 1904. Junior Councillor, Board of Foreign Affairs, September, 1907. Minister to Japan. March, 1908. Star of 2nd Class, 1st Division, January, 1909, Junior Vice-President, Board of Foreign Affairs, May, 1910. Senior Vice-President, July, 1910. Adjoint Director-General of Revenue Council, July, 1910. Acting Minister of Finance, November, 1911. Appointed Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Republican Government, pending the arrival from Europe of Lu Cheng-hsiang. Controller-General of the Revenue Council (Shuiwuchu), March, 1912. (He was nominated as Minister of Communications in July, but his name was rejected by the National Council.) Minister to France, Spain and Portugal, November 24, 1912. — p. 519 ([scan leaf 542](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n542/mode/1up))

**Hu Ying** Commissioner for Land Reclamation, Chinghai, May, 1912. Being involved in the rebellion of 1913, he fled from China. — p. 519 ([scan leaf 542](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n542/mode/1up))

**Huang Chang** Szechuan. Born 1878. A Graduate of a High School in Szechuan, and a University in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan and a member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. After returning from Japan he was elected as member of the Provisional Szechuan Assembly, and was a teacher of the High School and Law School in Szechuan. He established a Law School and a Finance School in Szechuan. Kunghotang. Author of The Latest Method of Book-keeping. — p. 519 ([scan leaf 542](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n542/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**HUANG CHI-JUI** President, High Court of Justice, Kansu. — p. 520 ([scan leaf 543](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n543/mode/1up))

**HUANG CHUNG-YING, Admiral** Chief of Naval General Staff, April, 1912. — p. 520 ([scan leaf 543](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n543/mode/1up))

**HUANG HSIAO-CHIU** Kuangtung. Born 1884. Studied three years in Japan. Secretary of Tutuh's office, Kuangtung, 1912. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Opened two newspaper offices, which were shut down by officials for promulgating revolutionary ideas, but was afterwards engaged as editor of Jen Chuan Pao. Kungmintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 520 ([scan leaf 543](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n543/mode/1up))

**HUANG HSI-CH'UAN** Kuangtung. Born 1851. Studied in Japan. Was a Taotai of Kuangsi; Chinese Consul at New York, and then transferred to Peru. In 1912, was High Adviser to the Tutuh of Kuangtung, and Adviser to the Defence Commissioner there, and then became Speaker to the Kuangtung Assembly. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Author of Comment on the Commercial Treaty between Great Britain and China, Experiments on Agriculture and Forestry (six volumes), etc. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1912. — p. 520 ([scan leaf 543](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n543/mode/1up))

**HUANG HSING** Hunan. Spent many years in Japan. A prominent revolutionary leader who was concerned in several abortive attempts to start a revolt against the Manchus. Was in command of the Republican forces at Hanyang until that place was captured by Imperial troops. Was appointed Minister of War in the Provisional Cabinet at Nanking, and Commander-in-Chief of one of the divisions formed for the purpose of marching on Peking. On the abdication of the Manchus many Southerners advocated his appointment as Minister of War in Tang Shao-yi's Cabinet. He declined to accept the post, but was subsequently appointed Resident-General at Nanking, with control of all the Southern forces. Resigned from this post on June 1. Was invited to Peking with Dr. Sun Yat-sen, but left the steamer at Shanghai at the last moment on receipt of the news of the execution of Chang Chen-wu. Eventually came to Peking as the President's guest, in company with Chen Chi-mei, on September 11. Given the rank of General (Shang Chiang) on September 7. Director-General of Szechuan, Canton and Hankow Railways, October, 1912. Retired January, 1913. Declared independence in Nanking, and deprived of all ranks July 22, 1913. Fled to Japan. — p. 520 ([scan leaf 543](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n543/mode/1up))

**HUANG KAI-WEN** Kuangtung. Born 1865. A Graduate of Paiyang Telegraph College. Acting Intendent of Industry, Mukden, August, 1907. Degraded to Sub-Prefect, August, 1909. Controller of Customs, Hankow, December 1, 1912. Chief of the Hankow office of the Ching-Han Railway Company. — p. 520 ([scan leaf 543](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n543/mode/1up))

**HUANG P'EI-SUNG** Fukien. Military Optimus, 1880. Brigade General, Ch'iung-Yen-chen, Kuangtung, July, 1906. Defence Commissioner, Fukien, July 24, 1913. — p. 520 ([scan leaf 543](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n543/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**HUANG SHIH-LUNG** —Defence Commissioner, Kuangtung, August 10, 1913. Rewards Commissioner of the Forces, Kuangtung, August 8, 1913. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**HUANG YU-CH'ANG** —Hunan. Born 1882. A Graduate of a Law College in Japan. Speaker of the Hunan Provincial Assembly. Chu Jen of the late Ching Dynasty. After the Revolution, was appointed Director of a Law School of Hunan, and Controller of the fifth final electoral district. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**HUANG YÜN-P'ÊNG** —Szechuan. Born 1883. A Graduate of Tungwen College in Szechuan and of a University in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan, and of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. In the time of Revolution he organized the Minkuo Lien-ho Hui in Shanghai, and was editor of the Shanghai Ta Kung Ho Jih Pao. Was a member of the Szechuan Provisional Assembly, and afterwards Director of the Chunchang Bank of Chungking. Kunghotang. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**HUANG YUNG-LIANG** —Consul-General in Australia (Melbourne) 1913. Member of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**HUNG SHU-TSU** —Kiangsu. Hsiu-tsai. Born in 1858. In 1888 he went to Europe to study the political situations of England, France, Italy, and Germany. Secretary to the Ministry of the Interior, appointed June 20, 1912. Being alleged to have been involved in the Sung murder case, fled to Tsingtao. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**HUNG TSZE-CHÊNG** —Military Governor of the Western Circuit of Kiangsi. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**JEME TIEN-YU (better known by Chinese as Chan Tien-yu)** —Educated in America, adopting the profession of engineer. Was in charge of the construction of the Peking-Kalgan Railway. Now Assistant Director of the Kuangtung section of the Canton-Hankow Railway. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**JEN KO-CHENG** —Governor of Yunnan, 1915. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**JUNG HSÜN** —A Manchu. Born 1872. A Graduate of the abridged course in a Normal School in Japan, and a Graduate of the Law School for Nobles in Peking. Vice-President of the Ministry of the Interior and acting as Vice-Director of the Bureau of Mongolia and Tibet. Was Director of the Government University in Peking; sent to Japan to study the system of education; appointed to reform the Chung Wen Men Octroi; appointed to establish the Chief Police Office in Peking; the founder of Mongolian, Mohammedan, Tibetan newspapers, and Mongolian and Tibetan Schools. Chinputang. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))

**K'ANG P'EI-HANG** —Shansi. Born 1876. Studied in Japan after having graduated from Shansi University. At the end of a year he returned with several friends to start a revolution, but failing in his attempt in Mongolia, he was placed under arrest by the General there. Subsequently returned to his native place to do educational work. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. He does not belong to any party. Author of The Principle of Evolution, etc. — p. 521 ([scan leaf 544](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n544/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**K'ANG YU-WEI** —Kuangtung. A well-known reformer, who started his campaign in favour of reform in the South by means of leaflets and lectures. Was received in audience by the late Emperor Kuang Hsu on June 14, 1898, on the recommendation of Weng T'ung-ho, the Imperial Tutor. He at once obtained a strong influence over the Emperor, whose famous reform decrees of 1898 were inspired by K'ang. Was proscribed, and ordered to be decapitated when the Empress Dowager effected her coup d'état, but escaped, and has since resided abroad, principally in America. An advocate of the adoption of Confucianism as the State Religion. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KAO CHUANG-KAI** —Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Amoy, April 25, 1913. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KAO CHUNG-HO** —Hupeh. Born 1875. A Graduate of a Law School in Japan. After the Revolution he was appointed Councillor of the Tutuh's office, Hupeh. He led troops and captured several cities, and after the Declaration of the Republic he disbanded more than 4000 troops. He was editor of newspapers in Hupeh. A member of Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Author of Huifumong. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KAO ERH-CHIEN** —Fukien. Junior Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August, 1907. Lin-An-K'ai-Kung Tao, Yunnan, February, 1908. Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Yunnan, February, 1908. Commissioner for the Macao Delimitation, 1909. Senior Councillor, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, July, 1910. Double Dragon, 2nd Class, 2nd Grade, June, 1911. Provincial Treasurer, Yunnan, July, 1911. Acting Provincial Treasurer of Szechuan, November, 1911. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KAO SHEN** —Secretary, Ministry of Navy, September 8, 1912. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KAO SUNG-JU** —Superintendent of Education and Industry under Manchu Government. Director Hupeh Government Bank; Co-Director Hupeh Government Mint. Superintendent of Mines in Hupeh. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KAO TSENG-CHÜEH** —Shensi. Police Intendent, Szechuan, spring, 1908. Pacificator in Shensi, November, 1911. Acting Civil Governor of Shansi, October 19, 1913. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KENG CH'UN-NIEN** —Honan. Born 1883. Studied in Japan. A member of the Central Educational Society, and a member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was Teacher and Director of various Schools. Chinputang. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KENG YEN** —Councillor, Department of Legislation. Cabinet, August 31, 1912. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KIANG YUNG** —Governor of Shansi. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KING PANG-PING** —Joint Examiner, with Wu Chao-hsu, an American adviser and a Japanese adviser, of students who have graduated abroad. Director-General of the National Conservancy Board January, 1916. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))

**KU CHUNG-HSIU** —Chihli. Born 1874. Graduate of the Peking Government University and a returned student from Japan. Was a Teacher in the High Normal School in Chihli. Was a Secretary to the Governor of Chekiang, establishing eight judicial courts in the Province. After the outbreak at Wuchang, was elected to proceed to Wuchang and Nanking to assist in the organization of the new Government, and was appointed to draft the Provisional Constitution, etc. Was a member of the late National Council, and of the Chung Yi Yuan, and member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. Kuomintang. Author of Outlines of Chinese History, Moral Philosophy, The Essentials of a Constitution, Financial Reforms, and a book on Poetry, Translator of several works from foreign languages into Chinese. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 522 ([scan leaf 545](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n545/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**KU MING-TE** —Sinkiang. Born 1869. Studied in Sinkiang High School, and a graduate of the school established by Tzu Yi-chu. Vice-Speaker of Sinkiang Provincial Assembly. Chinputang. — p. 523 ([scan leaf 546](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n546/mode/1up))

**KU WEI-CHIUN (Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo)** —Ph.D. in Law, Columbia University, New York. Member of Phi Beta Kappa Society. Secretary to Cabinet, May, 1912; retired July, 1912. Secretary to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August, 1912; Councillor, 1914. Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico, 1915. Is now Minister at Washington. — p. 523 ([scan leaf 546](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n546/mode/1up))

**KU YUAN** —Secretary, Ministry of the Interior, June, 1912. — p. 523 ([scan leaf 546](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n546/mode/1up))

**KUAN MIEN-CHUN** —Kuangsi. Born 1870. A Chingsu and Hanlin Compiler of the late Dynasty. Was Vice-Director of the Ching-Chang Railway in 33rd year of Kuang Hsu, and has been Director of the Ching-Chang and Chang-Shui Railways since the 3rd year of Hsuan Tung. Received a 5th class of Chia-ho Order in the 2nd year of the Republic of China. In the 31st year of Kuang Hsu was appointed second-class secretary to proceed to the United States, Russia, Germany, Austria and Italy with the Investigation Commissioners to study the political situations abroad, and at that time he travelled in Japan, Great Britain, France, Belgium and several other countries. — p. 523 ([scan leaf 546](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n546/mode/1up))

**KUANG FU** —Mongol. Deputy Lieutenant-Governor of Ili, June, 1901. Retired, January, 1908. Acting Tartar General of Ili, June, 1909. Tartar General, April, 1910. Tartar General, Hangchow, February, 1911. Commissioner for Frontier Defence, Ili, May, 1912. — p. 523 ([scan leaf 546](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n546/mode/1up))

**KUANG SUN-MAO** —Kuangtung. Born 1860. A Graduate of Boston University. Engineer-in-Chief of the King-Chang and Chang-Shui Railways, and Superintendent of Workshops, since the 6th month of the 3rd year of Hsuan Tung. Has successively been Engineer, Engineer-in-Chief, etc., of Tientsin, Tsin-Yu, Outside Shanhaikuan, Ping-Li, Hsinmintun, etc., Railways. Received a 5th class Chia-ho Decoration from the President. — p. 523 ([scan leaf 546](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n546/mode/1up))

**KUNG CHAO-HSIN** —Supervisor of the Canton Customs, 1915. — p. 523 ([scan leaf 546](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n546/mode/1up))

**KUNG CHENG** —Kuangsi. Born 1886. A Graduate of the Japanese Imperial University in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan and the Constitution-Drafting Committee. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 523 ([scan leaf 546](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n546/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**KUNG HSING-CHAN** Chief of the Salt Bureau, June, 1914. Concurrently Director of the Inspectorate General, 1915. Vice-Minister of Finance. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**KUNG HSIN** Vice-Minister of Gold Mining Bureau, 1915. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**KUNG LIN-LO** Lineal descendant of Confucius. Created Yenshen Kung or Duke, 1915. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**KUNG SANG NO ERH PU (Prince Kalaching)** Chief of the Bureau for Mongolia and Tibet, September, 1912. Prince of the Right Wing of the Kharach'in Tribe of the Chosot'u League of Inner Mongolia. Promoted from Second to First Class Prince in October, 1912, for loyalty to the Republic. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**LAN CHIEN-SHU** Senior member of Naval General Staff, April, 1912. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**LEI CHEN-CHUN** Anhui. Brigade General, Tungchow, Chihli, May, 1909. Acting Comm. in C. Kiangpeh, April, 1910. Cashiered December, 1910. Deputy Inspector-General of the Southern Seas, August 8, 1913. President of the High Military Court of Peking, 1915. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**LI CHAO-HSIANG (CHENG)** Governor of Anhui, 1915. Created Marquis, 2nd Order, December, 1915. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**LI CHING-FANG** Anhui. An adopted son of the late Marquis Li Hung-chang. Minister to Great Britain, May, 1907. Acting Senior Vice-President of the Ministry of Communications, January, 1911. Retired in January, 1912. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**LI CH'ING-FANG** Shansi. Born 1878. A Graduate of Shansi University and a University in Japan. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan and member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee and editor of Hsien Fa Hsin Wen. Was Chairman of Educational Society of Shansi. Chinputang. Author of The Construction of a Republic, etc. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**LI CHING-HSI** Anhui. Yung-Ning Tao, Szechuan, May, 1887. Salt Taotai, Hunan, August, 1893. Jud. Comm., June, 1897. Fin. Comm., Fukien, September, 1898, of Yunnan, January, 1899. Governor, Kuangsi, April, 1901, of Yunnan, June, 1901. Removed from office, May, 1902. Acting Governor of Kueichow, January, 1903. Governor, Kuangsi, May, 1904; retired, ill-health, October, 1905. Governor-General, Yun-Kuei Provinces, February, 1909. Director of the Land Survey Office, 1915. "Friend of Sungchan" (see Hsu Shih-chang). — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))

**LI CHING-LIEN** Chihli. Born 1868. Educated in Leng Chi College, Chihli, and a Chengsu of the late Dynasty. Was a Teacher of various High Schools and Universities. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Author of several Chinese poetical and other works which have not yet been printed. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 524 ([scan leaf 547](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n547/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**LI CHING-MAI** —Anhui. Son of Li Hung-chang. Minister to Austria-Hungary, September, 1905-7: Jud. Comm., Honan, March, 1908; resigned, November, 1908. Acting Junior Vice-President, Minchengpu, March, 1911. Acting Vice-Minister of Yu-chanpu, January, 1912. Relieved of post, January, 1912. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI CHIN-MIN** —Fukien. Born 1878. Educated in a Japanese University. Chief of the Taxation Department of the Ministry of Finance. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI CHING-MING** —Secretary, Ministry of Finance, September 1, 1912. Auditor, Audit Bureau, November 22, 1913. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI CHUN** — Szechuan. Brigade General, Nan-Ao chen, Kuangtung, August, 1905. Acting Brigade General, Pakhoi, July, 1907. In charge of piracy suppression in Canton Waters, 1907-8. Admiral, Kuangtung, July, 1909. Commissioner for Pacification, Kuantung, August 14, 1913. Created (Brevet) General, August 14, 1913. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI HAN-CH'ENG** —Hunan. Born 1867. Graduate of a University in Japan. Hsiutsai of the late Dynasty. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Established a girls' school in Hengshan. Senior Clerk of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, July, 1912. Resigned, March, 1913. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI HOU-CHI** —Commandant of Strategic Positions at Woosung, August 19, 1913. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI HSIEH-YANG** —Yunnan. Born 1881. Engineer. Graduate of Technical Department of Electricity and Railway in the Ohio University, U.S.A. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI K'AI-HSIEN** —Hupeh. Acting Chief Civil Administrator, Kuangtung, September 13, 1913. Retired, July, 1914. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI KENG-YUAN** —Yunnan. Member of House of Representatives concerned in the "second revolution" of 1913. Joined Yunnan rebellion, 1915. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI KUO-CHEN** —Kiangsi. Born 1881. A Graduate of a University in Japan. After returning from Japan was engaged as a Teacher in various Law Schools. Was instrumental in bringing about the Revolution in Kiangsi, and when the people there determined to kill Governor Feng, it was due to his speeches made before a great audience that the Governor was sent out of Kiangsi unmolested. Was a member of the Kiangsi Assembly and the late National Assembly. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan and a member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. Chinputang. Governor of Kuangtung, 1914. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))

**LI LIEH-CHUN** —Studied six years in Japan. Tutuh of Kiangsi: dismissed and ordered to Peking, June 9, 1913. Deprived of all ranks and outlawed for his part in the rebellion, July 15, 1913. — p. 525 ([scan leaf 548](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n548/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**LI PING-SHU** Fengtien. Born 1877. A Graduate of a Normal School in Tokio. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was a Teacher and Director of several Normal Schools. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI SHI-WEI** Member of the Tsanchengyuan. Resigned on becoming President of the Bank of China, 1915. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI SHUN** Defence Commissioner, Kiangsi, August 4, 1913. Temporarily in charge as Chief Civil Commissioner, Kiangsi, August 27, 1913. Acting Tutuh of Kiangsi, September 29, 1913. Chiangchun of Kiangsi, 1914. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI SHU-YING** Shensi. Born 1883. A Graduate of the High School in Shensi, and a University in Japan. Was editor of the Min Lik Pao, Shanghai, and was a member of the Advisory Council in Nanking and Provisional National Council in Peking. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI TING-HSIN** Councillor, Ministry of Navy, September 5, 1912. Chief of Naval General Staff, December 11, 1912. Created Admiral (brevet), August 20, 1913. Commander-in-Chief of the Navy. Director of Kiangnan Arsenal. Cashiered of rank, but retained in office, December, 1915. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI TING-YU** Acting Military Assistant Governor of Ulliassutai, August 24, 1912. Acting Deputy Commissioner of Occupation, Kiukiang, August 1, 1913. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI TSAI-KENG** Honan. Born 1883. Graduate of a Law School in Japan. Was Secretary of the Ministry of Communications and a member of the Advisory Council in Nanking Government. Was editor of Hsin Hwa Pao, Tientsin. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Author of The details of the Mines of Honan. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI YI-YU** Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Pakhoi, April 25, 1913. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI YING-CH'UAN** Kuangtung. Born 1876. Graduate of Law School in Kuangtung. Was Director of a Normal School at Kuangtung; Delegate for prison reform at Wenyuenhsien; a practitioner in the local court of Kuangchow; Judge in Yuyuanhsien and Nanhsunghsien; and a lawyer in Kuangchow. Member of the Senate. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))

**LI YUAN-HUNG** Hupeh. Born in 1864. Studied at the Peiyang Naval College, graduating after a course of six years. Served on a cruiser during the Chino-Japanese war. After the war he was engaged for service at Nanking by Viceroy Chang Chih-tung. On the latter's transfer to Wuchang he accompanied him to assist in the organization of the modern troops there. Thence he went to Japan for two years to study fortifications. On his return he became a Major in the cavalry, and subsequently held several commands, including that of Colonel in the 21st Brigade. He was in charge of the organization of the Changteh manœuvres in 1905, and for the following five years served on the staff at Wuchang. On the outbreak of the Revolution at Wuchang he was coerced into accepting the command of the revolutionary forces, whose operations he directed thenceforward. He was mainly instrumental in arranging for the Shanghai Peace Conference, and after the abdication of the Manchus he was elected Vice-President of the Republic, and appointed Chief of the General Staff and Tutuh of Hupeh. Given rank of General (Shang Chiang) on September 7. Acting Tutuh Kiangsi, June 8, 1913. Re-elected Vice-President, October 7, 1913. Received title of Prince of Wu Yi, 1915. — p. 526 ([scan leaf 549](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n549/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**LI YUAN-LIANG** —Shantung. Born 1884. A Graduate of the High Normal School in Shantung. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was Teacher to several Schools in Shantung. Chinputang. — p. 527 ([scan leaf 550](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n550/mode/1up))

**LIANG CH'ENG-CHIU** —Kuangtung. Born 1859. A Hsiuchai of the late Ching Dynasty. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was Director and Teacher of several Schools, and is now one of the promoters of the Society for the Revival of Confucianism. Chinputang. Author of a poetical work in Chinese. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 527 ([scan leaf 550](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n550/mode/1up))

**LIANG CH'I-CH'AO** —A brilliant scholar, who is best known as K'ang Yu-wei's most prominent disciple. Started the first Chinese daily paper in Peking, a small leaflet, containing an editorial only, which was given away gratuitously. Was proscribed, and had to fly for his life, after the coup d'état of 1898, and thereafter resided in Japan, where he conducted a paper in Chinese, devoted to the cause of reform. Like K'ang Yu-wei, advocated a limited monarchy in preference to a Republic. Returned to China after the Revolution, and is now conducting a daily paper in Tientsin, advocating the spread of political education, and the diffusion of general knowledge among the Chinese. Appointed Vice-Minister of Justice in Yuan Shih-kai's first Cabinet, but refused to accept office. Editor of Yung Yen Pao ("Justice"), a bi-monthly periodical, and one of the chief organizers of the Chinputang. Minister of Justice in Hsiung Hsi-ling's Cabinet, September 11, 1913. Resigned 1914. Appointed Head of Currency Bureau, which was afterwards incorporated in the Ministry of Finance, December, 1914. — p. 527 ([scan leaf 550](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n550/mode/1up))

**LIANG CHING** (see Chentung Liang Ch'eng). — p. 527 ([scan leaf 550](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n550/mode/1up))

**LIANG JU-HAO (better known as M. T. Liang)** —Kuangtung. Educated in America. Taotai, Newchwang, April, 1906. Customs Taotai, Tientsin, April, 1907. Shanghai Taotai, October, 1907. Secretary of Board of Foreign Affairs, March, 1908. Chief Secretary to Government of Fengtien, July, 1908. Recalled to Peking, June, 1909. Vacated office, November, 1909. Offered post of Vice-Minister of Communications in Yuan Shih-kai's Cabinet of November 16, 1911, but did not accept. Nominated for the post of Minister of Communications in the first Republican Cabinet, but the nomination was rejected by the National Council. Elected Minister of Foreign Affairs on September 16, resigned November 15, 1912. — p. 527 ([scan leaf 550](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n550/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**LIANG LAI-KUEI** —Cantonese. Graduate of an American Agricultural College. Councillor of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, July 2, 1912. Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Forestry, July 31, 1912. Resigned February, 1913. — p. 528 ([scan leaf 551](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n551/mode/1up))

**LIANG PEI** —Kuangsi. Born 1880. A Graduate of the High Preparatory School at Kuangsi. Was a Teacher to several Schools. During the Revolution he assisted in the capture of the military depôt in Kuangsi. Chairman of Kuomintang branch at Nanning, and editor of the Minfengpao and Hsichiangpao of Kuangsi. Member of the Senate. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 528 ([scan leaf 551](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n551/mode/1up))

**LIANG SHANG-TUNG** —Secretary to the Ministry of War, 1915. — p. 528 ([scan leaf 551](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n551/mode/1up))

**LIANG SHIH-YI** —Kuangtung. Secretary to Tang Shao-yi on the occasion of his mission to India in 1906. Chief of Department of Board of Communications, 1907. Director of Railways in Board of Communications, 1907. Assistant Director of Chiao T'ung Bank, 1907. Senior Secretary of Board of Communications, July, 1909. Vacated appointments of Director of Railways and Assistant Director of Chiao T'ung Bank, February, 1911. Acting Vice-Minister of Communications, November, 1911. Acting Director of Imperial Chinese Posts, December, 1911. Acting Minister of Communications, January to March, 1912. Appointed Chief Secretary in the President's Office after the abdication of the Manchus (April, 1912). Acting Vice-Minister of Finance, May-September, 1913. Member of the Tsangchengyuan (Council of State). Minister of the Shuiwuchu. Director-General of the Customs Administration, 1915. Director-General of the Bureau of Taxes, 1915. — p. 528 ([scan leaf 551](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n551/mode/1up))

**LIANG TUN-YEN** —Kuangtung. Educated in America. For several years interpreter to Viceroy Chang Chih-tung. Customs Taotai, Hankow, October, 1903, and at Tientsin, October, 1904. Minister to America, May, 1907 (but did not proceed). Junior Vice-President of Board of Foreign Affairs, July, 1908. Acting President of same Board, January, 1909. President of Board of Foreign Affairs, January, 1909. Associate Controller of Grand Revenue Council, March, 1910. Retired on account of illness, July, 1910. Minister to America, 1911. Appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs in Prince Ching's Cabinet of May, 1911, and Yuan Shih-kai's Cabinet of November, 1911, but did not return to China to take up the post. Minister of Communications, 1915. — p. 528 ([scan leaf 551](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n551/mode/1up))

**LIAO HSI-HSIEN** —Szechuan. Born 1885. A Graduate of Tungwen College in Szechuan, and a University in Japan. Was editor of Szechuan Jih Pao, and he established a Finance College in Szechuan, which at present has more than 500 students. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Kunghotang. — p. 528 ([scan leaf 551](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n551/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**LIEN WEN-CH'ENG** —Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Changchun, April 25, 1913. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIN LO-CHUAN** —Fukien. Born 1879. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Editor of several Fukien newspapers. Chairman of the Association of the Representatives of Chinese Residents Abroad. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LING CHANG-MING** —Secretary to the Council of State, 1915. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIN PO-HO** —Kuangtung. Born 1875. Established a Po-Ai Hospital in Chunhwahsien, and was Director for two years. Was four years Director of a Middle School in Au-men. In the time of Revolution he was appointed by the Tutuh of Kuangtung Pacificator of San Lo, and after two months he was made the Chief of General Department under the magistracy of Shuntehhsien. A member of the Y.M.C.A. Committee in Canton. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU CH'ANG-PING** —Acting Legal Commissioner, Sinkiang, December 16, 1912. Acting Head of Law Preparation Department, Sinkiang, January 19, 1913. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU CHENG-YUAN** —Assistant-Director of the Military Affairs of Shensi. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU CHIH-CHIEH** —Commissioner of Defence and Commander of 19th Army Corps, Kiangpeh, May, 1912. Commissioner of Occupation of Soochow, August 27, 1913. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU CHIH-CHOW** —Shensi. Born 1881. A Graduate of the Shanghai Li-hua College. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. After returning to his native place from Shanghai, he was engaged as Lecturer in several Schools. When his Province adopted the cause of Revolution, local "tufeis" arose and he trained a band of volunteers to suppress them, and he also held Fengcheng against Sheng Yun for more than seventy days, until the inauguration of the Republic. Chenyuhui. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU CHING-JEN** —Minister to Holland, September, 1911. Minister to Russia, September, 1912. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU CHU-WU** —General. Appointed Civil Governor of Yunnan on outbreak of revolt, 1915. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU CHUANG-SHOU** —Councillor, Ministry of Navy, December, 1912. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU FENG-SHU** —Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Ichang, April 15, 1913. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU HUAI-SEN** —Acting Commissioner of Occupation of Kiukiang, August 4, 1913. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU HSIEN-SHIH** —Chiangchun and Acting Civil Governor of Kueichow. Ordered to vacate his post, February, 1916. (Joined Yunnan revolt.) — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU JO-TSENG** —Chihli. Chinkiang Taotai, January, 1906. Proctor, Bureau of Government Administration, June, 1906. Vice-Director of High Court of Justice, November, 1906. High Commissioner for Revision of Law, March, 1911. Resigned May, 1912. Provincial Treasurer, Chihli, December, 1912. Acting Chief Civil Commissioner, Chihli, July 7, 1913. — p. 529 ([scan leaf 552](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n552/mode/1up))

**LIU KAN** —Shensi. Born 1874. Graduate of Hengtao College. A Hsiutsai of the late Dynasty. The Speaker of the Shensi Assembly. Was a Teacher at several Schools, and was Vice-Speaker of the Provisional Assembly of Shensi. Kuomintang. — p. 530 ([scan leaf 553](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n553/mode/1up))

**LIU KUAN-HSIUNG** —Fukien. Educated at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, and subsequently given a commission in the Chinese Navy. Distinguished himself at the Battle of the Yalu in the China-Japan war. Appointed Minister of the Navy in the first Republican Cabinet, which post he has held ever since. Admiral Liu was a member of the National Council at Nanking, and also of the Southern Delegation which was sent to Peking to congratulate President Yuan Shih-kai upon his election. Acting Minister of Communications in July. Acting Minister of Education, January 13. Inspector-General of Southern Seas, August 14, 1913. Acting Tutuh of Fukien (additional), November, 1913. — p. 530 ([scan leaf 553](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n553/mode/1up))

**LIU KUEI-YI** —Hunan. Educated in Japan, where he studied law and politics. Formerly edited several papers, and it was as a journalist that he achieved distinction during the Revolution. Minister of Commerce and Industry, August, 1912. Resigned July 18, 1913. — p. 530 ([scan leaf 553](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n553/mode/1up))

**LIU LIEN** —Kiangsi. Born 1875. Studied Law in Japan. Was Teacher to several Government and private Schools in his own Province. Was for six months Chief of the Department of Justice in Kiangsi. Chief of the Commission for the examination of judicial officials. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 530 ([scan leaf 553](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n553/mode/1up))

**LIU P'ENG SHOU** —Chihli. Born 1875. Graduate of Chihli High Normal School. Chujen of the late Ching Dynasty. Since the 33rd year of Kuang Hsu he was engaged as a Teacher in various High Schools in Chihli. Was a member of Red Cross Society during the Revolution; and established twelve Primary and High Schools in his native place during the past ten years. Member of Chihli Assembly, and President of the Committee of the House, June, 1912. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Chinputang. Address: Mo Pan Yuan. Author of Outlines of Military History for Normal Schools, and Outlines of the History of the West. — p. 530 ([scan leaf 553](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n553/mode/1up))

**LIU SHIH-HSUN** —Kiangsu. Born 1868. Studied French for fifteen years both at Shanghai and Peking. Was Chinese Minister to France, and Acting Minister to Germany and Portugal. Member of the Arbitration Department of The Hague. President's Adviser on Foreign Affairs. Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, January to August 8, 1913. Resigned. Special Commissioner Foreign Affairs, Shanghai. — p. 530 ([scan leaf 553](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n553/mode/1up))

**LIU SUNG-HUI** —Director of the River Conservancy in Honan, 1915. Assistant Resident at Kobdo, 1915. — p. 530 ([scan leaf 553](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n553/mode/1up))

**LIU YUAN** —Vice-Minister of Commerce, October 25, 1913. — p. 530 ([scan leaf 553](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n553/mode/1up))

**LIU YUK-LIN** —Consul-General in South Africa, October, 1904. Attached to Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1908. Chinese Representative at the International Opium Commission, Shanghai, January, 1909. Junior Councillor, Waiwupu, July, 1910. Minister to Great Britain, September, 1910-4. — p. 531 ([scan leaf 554](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n554/mode/1up))

**LO CHIA-HENG** —Kiangsi. Born 1883. Graduate of a University in Japan. Established a Law School in Kiangsi and was teacher there. When the Revolution broke out in Wuchang, was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Civil Affairs, Kiangsi. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 531 ([scan leaf 554](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n554/mode/1up))

**LO P'AN-HUI** —Kuangtung. Born 1881. Graduate of Tientsin University; of Harvard University and Chicago University, U.S.A. Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Kuangtung, April 25, 1913. In 1911 during the Revolution he was appointed an official of the Legislative Bureau and Vice-Chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs, Kuangtung, and then Chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs. Kuomintang. Author of The Laws of China in English. — p. 531 ([scan leaf 554](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n554/mode/1up))

**LO PEI-CHIN** —Yunnan. Born 1879. A Graduate of the Military Officers' Training School. Major-General of the Army. While in Japan he edited a periodical called Yunnan Cha Chih, which promulgated revolutionary doctrines. Invited to Yunnan by Viceroy Li Ching-hsi, and given various appointments. Before the Revolution was appointed Brigadier of the 74th Brigade. By the help of General Tsai Ao the whole Province was captured and troubles from local "tufeis" suppressed. Was appointed Military Delegate to Peking, and Military Councillor of the President's Office. Chief Civil Administrator of Yunnan, January, 1913; resigned April 4, 1913. — p. 531 ([scan leaf 554](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n554/mode/1up))

**LO TSUNG-YEE** —Fukien. Born 1886. Cambridge University; B.A. (Economics Tripos). A Chin-shih and Hanlin Compiler of the late Dynasty. English Secretary to the Governor of Kuangsi, 1909. Joined Wai-wu Pu, 1910. Transferred to the Chiao-tung Pu on the establishment of the Republic. Director of the College of Communications, 1912. Secretary in the President's Office and Member of the Office of the Master of Ceremonies, 1913. First Secretary of the Chinese Legation in London, July, 1914. — p. 531 ([scan leaf 554](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n554/mode/1up))

**LU CHIEN-CHANG** —Brigade General, Tsaochou, Shantung, October, 1907. Vacated office October, 1909. Brigade General, Kaochow, at Kuangtung, January, 1910. Superseded December, 1911. Mongol Deputy Lieut.-General, Bordered Red Banner, July 24, 1912. Deputy Commandant of Precautionary Area, Peking, July 21, 1913. — p. 531 ([scan leaf 554](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n554/mode/1up))

**LU CHENG-HSIANG** —Kiangsu. Interpreter of the Chinese Legation at St. Petersburg, 1890. Attaché, 1892. Secretary, 1895. Deputed to accompany the Chinese Envoy Extraordinary to the Coronation of the Tsar. Chinese Delegate at The Hague Conference in 1899. Minister to the Netherlands, 1905. Delegate at the Second Hague Conference in 1907. Minister to Holland (renewed) in 1908. Negotiated the Consular Convention with Holland. Sent to The Hague to exchange ratifications of this Convention in 1911, and thence proceeded to St. Petersburg to undertake negotiations with the Russian Government for the revision of the Treaty of 1881. Appointed Minister to Russia. Elected Minister of Foreign Affairs in the first Republican Cabinet, and arrived at Peking on May 24th to take up the post. When Tang Shao-yi, the Premier, was granted sick leave in June, Lu was appointed Acting Premier, and on the acceptance of Tang's resignation he was elected Premier, but retained the portfolio of Foreign Affairs. He belongs to no party. He was on sick leave during August and September, and resigned the Premiership on September 23. On the resignation of Liang Ju-hao he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs, November 15, 1912. Resigned September 4, 1913. Master of Ceremonies at the President's Inauguration. Acting Secretary of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1915. — p. 531 ([scan leaf 554](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n554/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**LU HAI-HUAN** Chihli. Minister to Germany, June, 1897. President of Censorate, August, 1901. Minister of Foreign Affairs, November, 1901. Commissioner for Treaty Revision, 1902. President of Board of War, January, 1906. Again Minister of Foreign Affairs, June, 1907. President of Revenue Council, September, 1907. Director-General of Tientsin-Pukow Railway, January, 1908, from which post he was removed in July, 1909. Placed in charge of Red Cross work, by Imperial Decree, during the Revolution, an appointment which was confirmed by the President in September, 1912. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))

**LU HSÜEH-CHIH** Shensi. Born 1882. A Graduate of a University in Japan. Acting Secretary of the Ministry of Education, appointed May 17, 1913. Was director of the Agriculture College, Hunan, and teacher of a High School, Kiangsu. Was Chief of Technical Department of the Ministry of Education. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))

**LU HUNG-YING** Military Governor of the East Circuit in Kansu, 1915. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))

**LU PEN-CHUAN** Delegate for Foreign Affairs, Shasi, April 15, 1913. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))

**LU PI** Secretary, Department of Civil Service. Cabinet, August 17, 1912. Secretary to Cabinet, October 18, 1912. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))

**LU TIAO-YUAN** Governor of Shensi, 1915. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))

**LU TING** Acting Councillor, Ministry of Finance, January 23, 1913. Councillor, Ministry of Finance, April 1, 1913. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))

**LU TING** Kiangsu. Born 1873. Studied in Japan. Was Chief of the Audit Department in the Ministry of Finance, Chief Secretary of Chu Cheng Yuan, and is Councillor to the Ministry of Finance and member of several Committees of the Ministry. Kuomintang. Author of Banking Systems, etc. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))

**LU TSUNG-YÜ** Chekiang. Born 1875. A Graduate of a University in Japan, and was appointed to accompany the Commissioners to foreign countries to study political affairs. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan, and Chairman of the Committee of the Bank of Communications. Was a Teacher in the Government University in Peking, 1902 ; Chief Secretary in Chungwenmen Octroi, 1903 ; studied politics in foreign countries, 1904 ; a member of the Chu Cheng Yuan, 1909 ; Vice-President of the Board of Finance, 1911. Chinputang. Author of The Currency, etc. Minister plenipotentiary to Japan, 1915. — p. 532 ([scan leaf 555](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n555/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**LU YUN-HSIANG** Assistant Military Governor of Shanghai. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**LU YUNG-TING** Native of Kuangsi. At one time a leader of bandits, but reclaimed and took military service under Government. Commander of an expedition under Viceroy Tsen Chun-hsuan against bandits in Kuangsi. Formerly a Brigade-General of the troops on the left bank of the West River. Tutuh of Kuangsi, 1914, afterwards Chiangchun. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**LUNG CHIEN-CHANG** Councillor, Ministry of Communications, May, 1912. Civil Governor of Kueichow, 1914 ; cashiered January, 1916. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**LUNG CHI-KUANG** Yunnan. Tso-Chiang Tao Kuangsi, January, 1908. Commander-in-Chief, Kuangsi, March, 1909. Pacificator, Kuangtung, July 26, 1913. Tutuh and Acting Chief Civil Administrator, Kuangtung, August 3, 1913. Additionally to Command the Water Police, and Ships of War on the West River and coasts of Kuangtung, August 22, 1913. Chiangchun, Kuangtung, 1914. Field-Marshal. .Created Duke of the First Order, December, 1915. Created Prince of the second degree for services in Yunnan, January, 1916. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**LUNG CHIN-KUANG** Younger brother of the above. General. Military Governor of Canton and Huichow. Appointed (1916) High Commissioner of Investigation in Yunnan. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**MA AN-LIANG** Kansu. Brigade-General, Ili, October, 1903. Commander-in-Chief, Kansu, April, 1912. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**MA CHENG-PING** Taoyin of the Liukiang Circuit in Kuangsi, 1915. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**MA CHIN-HSU** Anhui. Formerly Brigade-General in several places. Commander-in-Chief, Kansu, February, 1912. Commander-in-Chief, Chihli, April, 1912. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**MA FU-HSIANG** Kansu. Brigade-General, Palikun, New Dominion, March, 1909. Acting Chief Executive Officer, Kokonor, July-August, 1912. Commander of Guards Division, Altai, October 10, 1912. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**MA LIANG** Acting President of Peking Government University, October 18, 1912 ; resigned, December 27, 1912. Appointed one of President's nominees on Political Council, November, 1913. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))

**MA LUNG-PIAO** Lieutenant-General, Mongol Red Banner, January, 1911. Commander of 5th Division, Assistant Commissioner for Defence of Shantung, March, 1912. — p. 533 ([scan leaf 556](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n556/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**MA SHAO CHIN** —Kuangtung. Born 1887. Studied in the following schools : School of Political Science, Canton ; St. Stephen's College, Hongkong ; Columbia University, U.S.A., and New York University, U.S.A. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was an officer of the Southern Branch of Tung Meng Hui eight years ago. Was editor of several papers and periodicals, and has been Peking correspondent to several papers and periodicals. Kuomintang. Author of The Diary of a Travel, The Literature of the World, The Diary of Shiao-cheng, The Latest General Outline of Finances, Liberty of the Citizens, and The Suffragists. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))

**MA TSUNG-FAH** —Military Governor of the Chaochow Circuit in Kuangtung, 1915. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))

**MAO CHI-CHENG** —Councillor, Ministry of War, December 12, 1912. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))

**MEI KUANG-HSI** —Kiangsi. Born 1878. Graduate of a University in Japan, and Chujen of the late Ching Dynasty. Started various colleges at Hupeh; introduced the system of Procuratorate and Prison Reform in Hupeh and Kuangtung; started the Library in the Government University at Peking; and established the Society for the Investigation of Buddhism at Hupeh and the Buddhist Society at Peking. Is the author of Outlines of Buddhist Doctrines. Chief of the Department of Navigation of the Ministry of Communications, 1914. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))

**MENG HSIEN-YU** —Governor of Kirin, 1915. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))

**MOU CHI-CHENG** —Shantung. Born 1879. Graduate of Poiyang Military School; after having graduated in a Japanese college, he again graduated in the Japanese Institute for Military Officers. Major-General, November, 1st year of the Chinese Republic, and appointed Councillor of the Ministry of War the same month. After returning from Japan at the end of the reign of Kuang Hsu he was made Tutor and Director of several Military Schools; was Brigadier of the Mixed Brigade of Shensi, 2nd year of Hsuan Tung; was the Chief Councillor for military affairs in Shensi; and Councillor for Military Affairs in the President's office. A non-partisan. Translated several military works. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))

**MU CHAO-JEN** —Shantung. Born 1879. Graduate of the Normal School in Shantung. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Has hitherto been engaged in educational works for more than ten years. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))

**MU LIN** —Kueichow. Born 1877. Graduate of a Normal School in Japan, and a Chujen of the late Dynasty. In the 1st year of Hsuang Tung he was elected member of the Chu Yi Chu of Kueichow, and a member of Chu Cheng Yuan Established more than 100 primary schools. Chinputang. Member of the Chun Yi Yuan. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))

**NAN KUO-CHUN** —Governor of Hunan, 1915. — p. 534 ([scan leaf 557](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n557/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**Na Tung** Manchu. Sub-Chancellor, Grand Secretariat, December, 1899. Minister, Tsung-li Yamen, June, 1900. Junior Vice-President, Board of Revenue, November, 1900. Special Embassy to Japan, July, 1901, when he ceased to be Minister of Tsung-li Yamen. Minister, Board of Foreign Affairs, February, 1902. President, Board of Revenue, June, 1903. President, Board of Foreign Affairs, and member of Finance Committee, November, 1903. Grand Secretary, January, 1906. Member Revenue Council, January, 1908. Inspector-General of Troops, November, 1908. Junior Guardian of Heir-Apparent, December, 1908. Grand Councillor, January, 1909. Acting Viceroy of Chihli, June, 1909. Appointed Vice-Premier on the formation of Prince Ching's Cabinet in May, 1911. Relieved of office, and made Vice-President of the Privy Council on November 1, 1911. Retired into private life during the latter stages of the Revolution, and lived at Tsingtao. — p. 535 ([scan leaf 558](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n558/mode/1up))

**Na Yen-t'u (Prince Na)** Mongol. A Prince of the First Order, and Jassak of the Khalka Mongols. Superintendent of Customs at Peking, September, 1896. Grand Chamberlain, November, 1903. Lieutenant-General of Bordered Yellow Banner, 1903. One of the Mongolian members of the National Council and of the Kung-hotang, and Tartar General of Tarbagatai, 1914. — p. 535 ([scan leaf 558](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n558/mode/1up))

**Nemokawangton** Mongol. Duke of the 2nd Order of the Right Banner of New Tulwood. Prince of the 3rd Order, February, 1916. — p. 535 ([scan leaf 558](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n558/mode/1up))

**Ni Szu-ch'ung** Acting Commissioner for Internal Affairs, Heilungkiang, August, 1908; substantive, April, 1909; degraded, December, 1909. Provincial Treasurer, Honan, December, 1911; relieved, July 21, 1912. Appointed to reorganize Honan Frontier Affairs, July 5, 1912. Occupation Commissioner, Huanpei (Anhui Northern Circuit), July 22, 1913; additionally, Huanpei Intendent, July 22, 1913. Tutuh of Anhui, and additionally Acting Civil Administrator, July 27, 1913. Field-Marshal, 1915. Created Duke of the First Order, December, 1915. — p. 535 ([scan leaf 558](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n558/mode/1up))

**Niu Ch'uan-shan** Director of the Sale of Tobacco and Wines, 1915. — p. 535 ([scan leaf 558](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n558/mode/1up))

**Niu Yung-chien** Councillor to President, April 19, 1912. Joined the rebellion of 1913 and outlawed. — p. 535 ([scan leaf 558](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n558/mode/1up))

**Ou-yang Ch'i** Kiangsi. Born 1878. Studied in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was Director and Engineer of the Yukan Coal Mine in Kiangsi, and was an Assistant of the War Office at Kiukiang during the time of the Revolution. Kuomintang. Author of Essays on Kungyang, Kuliang, and the Book of Rites, A Collection of Poems, Old Chinese Mining Methods and the Implements used, a few novels, and other works. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 535 ([scan leaf 558](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n558/mode/1up))

**Ou-yang Wu** Defence Commissioner, Kiukiang. Dismissed and degraded, July 31, 1913. Brought to Peking for trial, and sentenced to eight years' imprisonment. Specially pardoned by the President. — p. 535 ([scan leaf 558](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n558/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**PAI CH'ANG-CHIEH** Shensi. Born 1870. Graduate of a University in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**P'A LO-TA** Administrator of Altai, May, 1912. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**PAN HSUEH-HAI** Kiangsi. Born 1876. A Graduate of a University in Japan. Chief of the Kiangsi Bureau of Legislature for one year, after the Revolution, and member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Non-partisan. Translated into Chinese a Japanese book on The Constitution of the Japanese Empire. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**P'AN TSU-YI** Fukien. Born 1882. Graduate of Fukien High School, and a returned student from Japan. In 1912, editor of the Chung Pao in Fukien, but the paper was closed by force by Pan Shiao-sung. In the same year was elected member of the Fukien Assembly, and a member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Is connected with several commercial enterprises, such as tea, paper, silk, and medicine. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**PEI CHI-HSÜN** Chiangchun of Kirin, 1915. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**PI KUEI-FANG** Councillor at Tarbagatai, May, 1912. Temporarily in charge as Tutuh and Chief Civil Administrator, Heilungkiang, July 16, 1913. Promoted full General of Manchu Banner Forces, November 28, 1913. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**PI WEI** Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Anhui, April 15, 1913. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**PO WEN-WEI** Tutuh of Anhui, July, 1912. Educated in the Military Academy, Wuchang. Commander of Battalion of 9th Division at Chinkiang, 1911. After the fall of Nanking took an expeditionary force to Pukow and defeated the Imperialists. Given rank of Chung Chiang (Lieutenant-General) in October, 1912. Frontier Commissioner of Shensi and Kansu, June 30, 1913. Deprived of all ranks for participation in the rebellion, July 27, 1913. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**PU-ER-KO-T'Ê** Outer Mongolia. Born 1869. Visited Japan in March of 28th year of Kuang Hsu. Educated in Chinese and Mongolian literature. A Mongolian Meilin, representing the tribe of Cha-sa-ko-tu of Outer Mongolia. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Chinputang. Address: Sha Lo Hutung. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**P'U JUN** Imperial Clansman. Vice-President of Board of Works in October, 1903. Assistant Military Governor, Kobdo, May, 1908. Vacated office and came to Peking for service, September, 1911. Military Governor of Uliassutai, May, 1912. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))

**P'U LUN (Prince)** Imperial Clansman. Great-grandson of the Emperor Tao Kuang, who died in 1850. Prince of the Fourth Order. Vice-President of Imperial Clan Court, September, 1900. Lieutenant-General, Bordered Yellow Banner, February, 1901. Imperial Commissioner, St. Louis Exposition, 1904. Superintendent, Peking Octroi, September, 1907. President of the National Assembly during period of organization and its first session (September, 1907, to January 11, 1911). Appointed Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, and Industry, spring, 1911. Removed from office during the Revolution. Among Chinese he is the most popular member of the Imperial Clan. He was one of the few Princes who did not flee from Peking on the inauguration of the Republic. Represents Imperial Family at most Republican functions. — p. 536 ([scan leaf 559](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n559/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**PUN KUANG-LIEH** Military Councillor at the Chiangchünfu. — p. 537 ([scan leaf 560](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n560/mode/1up))

**P'U YI (HSUAN TUNG), Ex-Emperor** Son of Prince Ch'un (Tsai Feng) and nephew of the Emperor Kuang Hsu. Born on February 11, 1906. Succeeded to the Throne, under the Regency of his father, on November 14, 1908, and adopted the reign-title of Hsuan Tung. Abdicated on February 12, 1912. His mother is the daughter of the late Jung Lu. The ex-Emperor is continuing his studies under his old tutors. — p. 537 ([scan leaf 560](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n560/mode/1up))

**SA CHEN-PING** Fukien. Brigade-General, Nan-Ao-Chen Kuangtung, 1902. Admiral commanding Peiyang Squadron, 1903. Admiral, Kuangtung, August, 1905. Commander-in-Chief, land and sea. Kuangtung, November, 1906. Land command withdrawn, January, 1908. Commissioner for Naval Reorganization, February, 1909, High Commissioner for Naval Reorganization, June, 1909. Vacated office, July, 1909. Admiral of the Fleet, July, 1909. Accompanied Prince Tsai Hsun on naval mission to Europe, October, 1909; and to Japan and America, August, 1910. In command of Imperial naval forces during Revolution. Took a naval force up to Hankow, but owing to lack of supplies and continual defections among his crews was forced to vacate his command and escaped to North China. Director-General of Land and River Police, Shanghai and Woosung, August 14, 1913. — p. 537 ([scan leaf 560](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n560/mode/1up))

**SAO-KE ALFRED SZE** Chekiang. Educated in America, at Cornell University. Acting Junior Secretary, Board of Communications, December, 1906. Removed from office, January, 1907. For some time Managing Director of the Luhan Railway. A Director of the Northern Railways, 1908. Customs Taotai, Harbin, spring, 1908. Acting Commissioner for Foreign Affairs, Kirin, July, 1910. Junior Councillor, Board of Foreign Affairs, August, 1910; Senior Councillor, August, 1911. Imperial Commissioner to the International Plague Conference at Mukden, April, 1911. Nominated Chinese Minister to America, Peru, Mexico, and Cuba just after the outbreak of the Revolution, but did not proceed. Minister of Posts and Communications, and for a time Acting Minister of Finance, in the first Republican Cabinet. Resigned on account of ill-health in June. Is related, by marriage, to Tang Shao-yi. Appointed Officer of Ceremonies at the President's Office, December 27, 1913. Minister to Great Britain, June 20, 1914. — p. 537 ([scan leaf 560](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n560/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**SHANG CHÊN-KUEI** —Shensi. Born 1874. Graduate of a Technical School in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was Teacher at a Middle School in Tungchow, and Chairman of the Educational Society of Taliehsien, and was the Representative of Tutuh Chang in Shanghai and Hankow during the Revolution. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHEN CHIA-YI** —President of the High Court of Justice in Fengtien, 1915. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHEN CHI CH'ANG** —President of the High Court of Justice in Kuangtung, 1915. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHEN CHUN-YEH** —Commissioner of Education, Chekiang, August, 1912. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHEN JUI-LIN** —Attached to Waiwupu, 1908. Minister at Vienna, August, 1910. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHEN KING-CHIEN** —Governor of Hunan, 1915. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHEN PAO-CHANG** —Prefect of Shanghai, 1915. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHEN TSENG-YUEH** —Acting Superintendent of Bank of Kuangsi. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHEN YUN-P'EI** —Senior Secretary, Board of Commerce, January, 1907. Junior Vice-President do., March, 1908. Assistant Director, Tientsin-Pukow Railway, July, 1909. Acting President, Board of Communications, August 10. Acting Junior Vice-President, Board of Civil Appointments, January, 1911. Vacated office June, 1911, but retained post of Assistant Manager, Tientsin-Pukow Railway. Advisory Minister, Privy Council, August, 1911. Manager of Pukow-Hsingyang Railway, January 13, 1913. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))

**SHENG HSUAN-HUAI** (Sheng Kung-pao).—Kiangsu. Taotai, Chefoo, July, 1886. Director of Chinese Telegraph Administration, and one of the largest shareholders in the China Merchants' S.N. Company and the Hanyang Ironworks. Customs Taotai, Tientsin, June, 1892. Administrator-General of the Lu-Han and Southern Railways, October, 1896. Sub-Director of Court of Sacrificial Worship, November, 1896. Vice-Director of Imperial Clan Court, June, 1912. Junior Guardian of Heir-Apparent, December, 1901. Senior Vice-President of Board of Works, February, 1902. Commissioner for Treaty Revision, 1902. Junior Vice-President, Board of Communications, March, 1908. Reappointed Commissioner for Treaty Revision, March, 1908. President of Red Cross Society, February, 1910. Especially appointed to assist Board of Finance in currency matters, August, 1910. Vice-President, and subsequently President of the Board of Communications, 1911, in which post he negotiated the Hukuang Railway Loan, involving the nationalization of the trunk lines of the Chinese railway system. This policy aroused fierce opposition, resulted in a serious revolt in Szechuan in August, and contributed in a large measure to the outbreak of the Revolution in Hupeh. Dismissed with disgrace on October 26, and escorted to Tientsin by representatives of the British, French, German and American Legations. Thence he escaped to Tsingtao, and after a short stay there took up his residence in Japan. Died 1916. — p. 538 ([scan leaf 561](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n561/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**SHI TSO-LING** Fukien. Born 1865. Graduate of the former Naval School at Tientsin. Captain of the Navy, and Chief of the Naval Education Department. Non-partisan. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))

**SHIAO CH'ANG-JUNG** Kiangsu. Born 1863. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))

**SHIH PIN-CHEN** Member for Yunnan of the National Council. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))

**SHIH SHAO-CH'ANG** Chekiang. Born 1872. Chujen. Secretary to the Chinese Legation at St. Petersburg, 28th year of Kuang Hsu. Chinese Secretary to the Second Peace Conference at The Hague. First Secretary in the Chinese Legation at The Hague, and also First Secretary of the Chinese Legation in Rome. In the 1st year of Hsuan Tung he acted as Minister to Germany, and returned to China in the 2nd year. Is now Departmental Chief of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Author of Comment on the Sino-Russian Treaty. Chinese Consul-General in the Philippines, 1915. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))

**SHIH TSE-HSIEN** Shantung. Born 1884. Studied in a University in Japan. During Revolution was appointed Chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs in the Tutuh's office, and then a member of the Advisory Council in Nanking. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan and a member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. Has formed a Society for the Cultivation and Colonization of the Frontiers, and has raised a capital of more than $500,000 to start colonization and cultivation in Kirin and other places. Non-partisan. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))

**SHIH YU** Educated in Europe. Councillor, Privy Council, August, 1911. Deputy Commissioner, Constitutional Department of Cabinet, February, 1912. Chief of Legislation Bureau and Chief of Bureau for Codification of Law, July, 1912. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))

**SHU HUNG-YI** Anhui. Born 1868. Studied in the Government University in Peking, and was appointed to proceed to Japan to investigate the police system. Is now Chief of Civil Affairs, Department of the Ministry of the Interior. Was Director of the Government Mint in Fengtien, and was appointed to start the Electric Light Company there. Chinputang. Author of Diary of the Investigation of the Police System in Japan, and The Yiyuan Poetry. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))

**SSU TU-YING** Kuangtung. A Graduate of the Normal College of Peking University, a member of the Tung Meng Hui, and one of the Kuangtung members of the National Council. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))

**SU K'AN-SHIH** Hunan. Born 1879. Studied in Japan. Was Chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs, and Supervisor of Changsha and Yochow Customs. Resigned June, 1913, and since then he has been High Adviser of the Tutuh of Hunan. Was Vice-Speaker of Hunan Chu Yi Chu. Non-partisan. — p. 539 ([scan leaf 562](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n562/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**SU, Prince (Shan Ch'i)** Manchu. A member of the eight princely families. Vice-President, Imperial Clan Court, September, 1900. Superintendent of Customs and Octroi at Peking, December, 1900. General Commandant, Peking Gendarmerie, May, 1902. Comptroller General, Mongolian Superintendency, November, 1905. Special Mission to Mongolia, summer, 1906. Comptroller-General, Imperial Clan Court, November, 1906. President, Board of Interior, June, 1907. Commissioner of Naval Reorganization, February, 1909. Minister of the Interior in Prince Ching's Cabinet, May, 1911. Gave up all offices during the Revolution. — p. 540 ([scan leaf 563](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n563/mode/1up))

**SU YÜ-FANG** Fengtien. A Graduate of the Law School in Fengtien. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. In the 2nd year of Hsuang Tung he organized the Tung Tze Hui, with the object of demanding a Parliament: he gathered together more than 5000 students, and by their earnestness, Viceroy Hsi Liang promised to memoralize the Throne for them. Was imprisoned 27 days for being suspected as revolutionist, when securing arms for Pao An Hui. Chinputang. — p. 540 ([scan leaf 563](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n563/mode/1up))

**SUN CHING-CH'ING** Szechuan. Born 1884. Studied in Japan, and a Graduate of the Law College in Peking. Was Magistrate of Hsiangcheng, Honan; was one of the promoters of the Shanghai Chung Kuo Kung Hsueh; and was teacher to several Law Schools. Is now a lawyer and a member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Author of The Principles of the Constitution of the Ching Dynasty, etc. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 540 ([scan leaf 563](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n563/mode/1up))

**SUN JUN-YU** Kiangsu. Born 1878. A Graduate of Peiyang University and a Law School in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan and the Constitution-Drafting Committee. Kuomintang. Author of Outlines of Administration, etc. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 540 ([scan leaf 563](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n563/mode/1up))

**SUN P'EI** Anhui. Born 1880. Studied in the Imperial University in Japan. A Councillor of Political Affairs to the President: a member of Committee in the Cabinet: a delegate for the Preparation of the National Assembly: and a Councillor of the Ministry of the Interior. A member of the Committee of the Chinputang. Author of the Spirit of the Constitution, etc. — p. 540 ([scan leaf 563](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n563/mode/1up))

**SUN PAO-CH'I** Minister to France, June, 1902. Chief Secretary, Government Council, summer, 1906. Governor of Peking, autumn, 1906. Minister to Germany, April, 1907-December, 1908. Assistant Director-General Tientsin-Pukow Railway, September, 1908. Returned to Peking, January, 1909. Acting Governor (June, 1909) and Governor (November, 1910) of Shantung. Shantung prematurely proclaimed its independence, and Sun Pao-ch'i accepted the post of President of the Province on November 15. On November 29, two days after the recapture of Hanyang, it returned to the Imperial fold, whereupon Sun tendered his resignation in a penitent memorial. He was pardoned by the Throne, but resigned in December, 1911. Director-General of Revenue Council (Act.), May 11, 1913. Minister of Foreign Affairs, September 11, 1913. Director of the Audit Office, 1915. Resigned, January, 1916. — p. 540 ([scan leaf 563](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n563/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**SUN TAO-JEN** —Hunan. Formerly expectant Taotai of Fukien. Transferred to the military service, and appointed Brigade-General of the Foochow-Kienningfu military circuit, and Commander of the Ninth Division. Elected Tutuh of Fukien on the outbreak of the Revolution. — p. 541 ([scan leaf 564](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n564/mode/1up))

**SUN TO-SEN** —Anhui. Intendent of Industry, Chihli, March, 1910; vacated, January, 1912. Industrial Commissioner, Anhui, May, 1912; vacated May, 1912. Manager, Bank of China, December 23, 1912. Chief Civil Administrator and additionally Acting Tutuh, Anhui, June 30, 1913. Relieved of both posts, July 27, 1913. — p. 541 ([scan leaf 564](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n564/mode/1up))

**SUN WEN** (see Sun Yat-sen). — p. 541 ([scan leaf 564](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n564/mode/1up))

**SUN WU** —A noted Hupeh revolutionary, whose accident with a bomb in the Russian Concession at Hankow in October, 1911, led to the discovery of the revolutionary headquarters, and precipitated the Revolution. Sun Wu was injured by the explosion, and owed his life to the devotion of his friends, who succeeded in concealing him in a place of safety until he had recovered. He subsequently played a prominent part in the events of the Revolution at Wuchang, becoming Chief of the Military Department in that city. It was mainly through his instrumentality that the counter-revolutionary plot hatched at Wuchang in August was frustrated. Educated at the Military Academy, Wuchang. After a visit to Japan he returned and opened schools with the object of spreading revolutionary ideas. Connected with the Changsha riots of 1910. In February, 1911, when in Wuchang, he arranged with Huang Hsing for a simultaneous outbreak in Wuchang and Canton in May. The latter plot miscarried, but Sun Wu's opportunity came with the subsequent railway unrest. Instrumental in forming the Kunghotang Party. — p. 541 ([scan leaf 564](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n564/mode/1up))

**SUN YAT-SEN** (Sun Wen).—Kuangtung. Born in 1867, the son of a London Mission convert and employee. Learnt English at an early age, and was employed by Dr. Kerr of the Anglo-American Mission. Enrolled as a student of the Alice Memorial Hospital at Hongkong in 1887, whence he graduated as "Licentiate of Medicine and Surgery, Hongkong," in 1892. Started to practise in Macao, where he became a member of the Young China Party. Subsequently settled in Canton, where he became an active revolutionary. After the failure of a conspiracy at Canton in 1895 he fled to Macao, and thence proceeded to Hongkong, Japan, Honolulu and America, in all of which places he obtained adherents to the Reform Party. Arrived in England in 1896, and on October 11 of that year was kidnapped outside the Chinese Legation by orders of the Chinese Minister. It was intended to ship Dr. Sun to China as a lunatic, but he managed to make his plight known to Dr. Cantlie, who was instrumental in effecting his release after twelve days' imprisonment. Subsequently Dr. Sun toured through Europe, America and the East as a revolutionary propagandist. In Japan (with General Huang Hsing) he was instrumental in founding the Tung Meng Hui. Was in England when the Wuchang outbreak occurred, but came out to China at the end of 1911, and was elected Provisional President of the Republic by the Nanking Council. Resigned from the Presidency on the abdication of the Manchus, on the understanding that Yuan Shih-kai should be elected to succeed him, and proceeded on a tour to Wuchang and South China, where he advocated a socialistic policy. Came to Peking at the President's request in August, 1912, and was accorded an enthusiastic welcome. Advocated an extensive programme of railway construction, and on September 10 was appointed by the President "to consider and draft plans for a national system of railways," and to "submit and discuss the same with international financiers." Visited Kalgan, and on September 17 left for Taiyuanfu and Shanghai. Strongly advocated the transfer of the capital from Peking to Wuchang or Nanking. His authority as Chief of the National Railway Corporation was cancelled on the outbreak of the rebellion, and Dr. Sun subsequently took up his residence in Japan. — p. 541 ([scan leaf 564](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n564/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**SUNG FA-HSIANG** Fukien. Born 1882. B.A. of Wesley (?) University, U.S.A., and M.A. of Chicago University, U.S.A. Technical Expert of the Ministry of Finance, and in August, 1913, was sent to America to learn the management of Mints. Non-partisan. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**SUNG HSIAO-LIEN** Acting Commissioner of Internal Affairs, Heilungkiang, March, 1911, and Commissioner, December, 1911. Tutuh of Heilungkiang, 1914. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**SUNG LIEN-KUEI** Director-General of Mining Operations for the province of Yunnan. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**SZE, ALFRED** See Sao-Ke Alfred Sze. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**SZE SAO-TSENG** Brother of the former. Chekiang. Attaché to Chinese Legation, Washington, 1893-95. Consul, New York, 1896-97. Commissioner of the Shanghai-Nanking Railway, 1905-7. Assistant Director of the Peking-Hankow Railway, 1910-11. At present Director-General of the Lunghai Railways and Associate Director-General of the Tatung-Chengtu Railway. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**TAI CH'EN-LIN** Councillor of the Waichiaopu, April, 1912. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**TAI K'AN** Civil Governor of Kueichow, 1913. Member of the Tsanchengyuan. Concerned in Yunnan rebellion, 1915. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**TAN CHEN** Honan. Graduate of a Law College in Japan, a member of the Tung Meng Hui, and one of the Honan representatives of the National Council. Was imprisoned for five years for promoting the Revolution in Hunan. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**TAN CHUN-MOU** Chargé d'Affaires in Peru. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**TAN HSUEH-HENG** Director River Conservancy Works of Kuangtung. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))

**TAN PEI-SEN** Chargé d'Affaires at Madrid. — p. 542 ([scan leaf 565](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n565/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**T'AN JUI-LIN** —Kuangtung. Born 1885. Graduate of Preliminary Normal School, Kuangtung. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. After having graduated he travelled in the Straits Settlements, where he established two Primary Schools. During the Revolution he drove away the Imperialist troops from Hsinhuihsien in response to the call of the Lieutenant-General Hwang Min-tang. Was elected Speaker of the Town Council of the Hsien. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))

**T'AN SHOU-K'UN** —Hupeh. Born 1876. After the Revolution was appointed Secretary to the Tutuh of Kuangtung. Resigned the secretaryship, and became Sub-Editor of the Min Lik Poa, Shanghai. Then became Editor of the Chung Pao at Wuchang. Was Military Adviser of the Tutuh of Hupeh, and Speaker of the Hupeh Assembly. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))

**T'AN YEN-K'AI** —Hunan. Obtained degree of Chinshih, and in 1904, at the early age of twenty-five, was appointed a Hanlin Compiler. Retired from official life shortly afterwards, and lived in his native district until the formation of the Hunan Provincial Assembly, of which he was elected Chairman. Was elected Chief of the Military Department of Hunan on the outbreak of the Revolution, but after the assassination of two rival Tutuhs he was elected to that office in his native province. Relieved of his post, October 13, 1913. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))

**TANG CHENG** —Councillor, Ministry of Education, August, 1912. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))

**T'ANG CHI-YAO** —Acting Tutuh of Kueichow, April, 1912. Commander-in-Chief of Yunnan and Kueichow troops for the relief of Szechuan, August 26, 1913. Acting Tutuh of Yunnan, September 28, 1913. Acting Chief Civil Administrator of Yunnan, October 4, 1913. Chiangchun of Yunnan, 1915. Created Marquis, December, 1915. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))

**T'ANG CHUN** —Deputy Governor, Bank of China, August 21, 1913; Governor, do., September 25, 1913. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))

**TANG HSIANG-MING** —Hupeh. Educated at the Liang Hu College, Wuchang, and obtained degree of Chujen before leaving for France to undergo a course of naval training. After graduating from a Naval College he served on a French warship, and returned to China in the autumn of 1911. A nephew of Tang Hua-lung. Appointed Vice-Minister of the Navy on the formation of the first Republican Cabinet. Vice-Admiral, Nov. 3, 1912. Acting Tutuh of Hunan, October 24, 1913. Chiangchun of Hunan, 1914. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))

**TANG HUA-LUNG** —Hupeh. Brother of Tang Hsiang-ming. Sent to Japan by the Government to study law. Formerly a member and Chairman of the Hupeh Provincial Assembly. Vice-Chairman of the National Council, in which he sat as member for Hupeh. Formerly a member of the Minchutang, and one of the leaders of the Chinputang. Speaker of the Chung-yi-yuan. Minister of Education. Resigned, October, 1915. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))

**TANG KU-SE** —Member for Mongolia of the National Council. — p. 543 ([scan leaf 566](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n566/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**TANG SHAO-YI** Kuangtung. Educated in America. Secretary to Yuan Shih-kai while the latter was Imperial Resident in Korea. Consul-General in Korea after the Chino-Japanese war. Then employed on the staff of the Northern Railway Administration. In Shantung with Yuan Shih-kai, winter, 1900. Customs Taotai, Tientsin, February, 1902. Special Commissioner to Tibet, September, 1904. Proceeded to India as special Envoy, to negotiate the Tibet Convention, which was subsequently completed at Peking in April, 1906. Acting Junior Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs, November, 1905. Substantive Junior Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs, February, 1906. Director-General Shanghai-Nanking, and Lu-Han Railways, 1906. Comptroller-General of Revenue Council, May, 1906. Senior Vice-President of Board of Communications, November, 1906. Continued to act as Vice-President of Board of Foreign Affairs. First Governor of Fengtien on reorganization of government of Manchuria, April, 1907. Special Envoy to America to thank the Government for waiving part of the Boxer Indemnity, July, 1908. Resigned Governorship of Fengtien, July, 1909. Expectant Vice-President Board of Communications, and Acting President, August, 1910, and resigned in the spring. Appointed Minister of Communications on the dismissal of Sheng Hsuan-huai on October 26, 1911. Proceeded to Shanghai as Yuan Shih-kai's delegate, to negotiate with the revolutionary leaders in December. Resigned his position as delegate on December 27. Appointed Premier, after abdication of the Manchus on February 13. Resignation as Premier accepted on June 27, when he was appointed Superior Adviser to the President on State Affairs. A member of the Tung Meng Hui. — p. 544 ([scan leaf 567](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n567/mode/1up))

**T'ANG TSAI-FU** Kiangsu. Born 1877. Graduate of Kuang Fan Yen College, Shanghai; of the Tungwen College, Peking; and of the Paris University. Secretary to the Chinese Legation at Paris and The Hague, and at one time Acting Chinese Minister in France, Holland, and Russia. Was Vice-President of the Board of Foreign Affairs in the last Dynasty. Junior Secretary, Waichiaopu, March, 1912; Councillor, Waichiaopu, April, 1912. — p. 544 ([scan leaf 567](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n567/mode/1up))

**TANG TSAI-LI** Deputy Chief of the General Staff, 1915. — p. 544 ([scan leaf 567](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n567/mode/1up))

**TANG TSUNG-YU** Secretary of Finance in Heilungkiang, 1915. — p. 544 ([scan leaf 567](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n567/mode/1up))

**TANG YANG-TENG** Formerly Inspector-General of the Yangtze and Director-General of the Canton-Hankow Railway. — p. 544 ([scan leaf 567](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n567/mode/1up))

**T'AO CH'ANG-SHAN** Chekiang. Born 1878. A Graduate of an Agricultural School in Japan. A Chief of the Department of Agriculture, appointed December, 1912. Chairman of the Society of Agriculture. Author of Agricultural Affairs. — p. 544 ([scan leaf 567](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n567/mode/1up))

**TAO SI-CHENG** Director-General of Government Mining Operations in Hunan, 1915. Acting Governor of Hunan, 1915. — p. 544 ([scan leaf 567](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n567/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**TÊNG JUNG** Szechuan. Born 1872. Studied law in Japan. A Chujen. Was member of the late National Council, and member of the Chung Yi Yuan, representing Kobdo and other places, Mongolia. Legal Adviser to the President, and the Ministry of Communications. Chinputang. Author of a volume of Chinese Poetry. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**T'IEH LIANG** Manchu. Director of Grand Court of Revision, spring, 1901. Vice-President Board of Revenue, November, 1903. Vice-President Board of War, May, 1904. Acting President Board of War, March, 1905. Junior Vice-President Board of Revenue, September, 1905. Grand Councillor Probationary, September, 1905. Member Government Council, September, 1905. President Board of Revenue, December, 1905. Grand Councillor, January, 1906. Comptroller-General Revenue Council, May, 1906. Removed from Grand Council, November, 1906. President Army Board, November, 1906. Member Government Council, spring, 1907. Yellow Riding Jacket, December, 1908. Commissioner Naval Reorganization, February, 1909. Retired owing to ill-health, March, 1910. Tartar General at Nanking, September, 1910, which post he was holding when the revolutionary army attacked the city. He escaped to Peking, where he earned notoriety as one of the bitterest opponents of abdication. Took up his residence in Japan. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**TIEN CHUN-FANG** Kansu. Chairman of the Investigations Committee of the National Council, in which he sat as a member for his native province. Was the proposer of most private Bills introduced into the Council by members. A member of the Kunghotang. Acting Chief of Department of Finance, Kansu. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**TIEN CHUNG-YU** Lieutenant-General. In the Generalissimo's Office. Appointed Joint Investigator of the Likin system, 1916. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**TIEN PU-CH'AN** Kiangsu. Born 1866. A Chensu of the last Dynasty. Graduate of the Law Department of the Chensu Academy. Chief of the Department of Cultivation and Cattle Raising in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Was sent to Shangpaishan to investigate forests and mines, to investigate industry in the Three Eastern Provinces, and to the North of Kalgan to manage the cultivation and cattle raising there. Was a Supervisor of the construction of the Imperial Tombs. Author of The Cultivation of Cotton, in eight volumes. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**TIEN WEN-LIÉH** Governor of Honan, 1915. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**TING CHENG** Lieutenant-General. Bordered Red Banner Manchu Corps. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**TING CH'IEN** Honan. Born 1881. Graduate of a Law College in Japan. Was deputed to recruit troops in Wuhu and other places during the Revolution. A member of the Advisory Council in Nanking Government. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**TING SHIH-TO** Member for Shantung of the National Council. — p. 545 ([scan leaf 568](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n568/mode/1up))

**TING WAI** General. Headquarter Staff. Formerly Provincial Commander-in-Chief, Yunnan. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAI AO** Hunan. Born 1882. Studied in Hunan Colleges,the Polytechnical College at Shanghai, and various Military Colleges in Japan. In the 9th month of the 1st year of Min Kuo he was elected Tutuh of Yunnan. Was Vice-Director of the Bureau for the Training of the new Army in Hunan, and also Teacher of Military Schools there. Director of Military Schools and Surveying Schools in Kuangsi. Councillor to the Bureau for the Training of the new Army in Kuangsi. Chief of the 37th Regiment of Yunnan, etc. Nonpartisan. Was editor of several periodicals. Ordered to Peking, September 28, 1913. Member of the Council of State. Director-General of the Bureau of Land Demarcation, 1915. Headed Yunnan revolt against Monarchy, 1915. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAO CHIA-HSIANG** Admiral. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAI HSUN (Prince)** Brother of the late Emperor Kuang Hsu. High Commissioner for Naval Reorganization, June, 1909. Naval Mission to Europe, October, 1909. Consulting Member of Government Council, July, 1910. Naval Mission to Japan and America, August, 1910. Minister of the Navy, 1911. Removed from office after outbreak of Revolution. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAI JU-CHIA** Governor of Shantung. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAI NAI-HUANG** Special Commissioner for Opium Suppression in Kiangsu, Kiangsi, and Kuangtung, 1915. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAI T'AO (Prince)** Brother of the late Emperor Kuang Hsu. Charged with formation of a new Imperial Guard, December, 1908. Chief of the General Staff, June, 1909. Mission to Japan, America, and Europe to study military matters, March, 1910. Removed from office during the Revolution. Is understood to have been one of the most vigorous opponents of abdication. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAI TING-KAN** Was one of the party of Chinese students who went to America with Dr. Yung Wing in 1873. Returned to China in 1881, after eight years' study in America. Subsequently joined the Chinese torpedo school, and entered the Chinese Navy. Was in command of a flotilla of torpedo boats at Port Arthur, and during the Chino-Japanese war took part in the engagements off Port Arthur, the Yalu, and Weihaiwei. Entered the service of Yuan Shih-kai when he was Viceroy of Chihli. In 1911 was made Chief of a Department in the Ministry of Navy, but on Yuan Shih-kai's arrival in Peking was transferred to his staff, at Yuan's special request, as Naval A.D.C. Vice-Admiral, November 20, 1912. Director-General Adjoint of Revenue Council, October 1, 1913. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAI TSE** Imperial Duke. Deputy Lieutenant-General Plain Blue Banner, March, 1901. Chief of Imperial Mission to Foreign Countries, 1905. Acting Minister of the Presence, August, 1906. Comptroller of Imperial Armoury, November, 1906. Employed on Reform Commission, 1906. Minister of the Presence, February, 1907. President Board of Finance, May, 1907. Member of Committee of Banner Reform, December, 1908. Rank of Prince of Fourth Order, December, 1908. Commissioner of Naval Reorganization, February, 1909. Removed from office as President of the Board of Finance on November 1, 1911. — p. 546 ([scan leaf 569](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n569/mode/1up))

**TSAI YUAN-P'EI** Chekiang. A Hanlin scholar who has made a speciality of the study of education, spending some time in Germany with this object. After the coup d'état in 1898 he went to Changsha, where he took up educational work, and subsequently to Shanghai, where he joined the staff of the Nanyang College. In 1905 he was a Professor in the Language School at Peking, and it was after this that he spent five years in study at German Universities. His revolutionary activities had led to his being a suspect before he left China. On the outbreak of the Revolution at Wuchang he returned, and was elected to the post of Minister of Education by the Nanking Provisional Government. He came to Peking as Chief of the Southern Delegation charged with the duty of congratulating Yuan Shih-kai upon his election as President. Tsai was elected Minister of Education in the first Republican Cabinet, but resigned after Tang Shao-yi gave up the Premiership. Was a member of the Tung Meng Hui. — p. 547 ([scan leaf 570](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n570/mode/1up))

**TSAN TIEN-CHEN** Member for Heilungkiang of the National Council. — p. 547 ([scan leaf 570](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n570/mode/1up))

**TS'AO CHÊN MAO** Fukien. Born 1872. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. During the last Dynasty he was employed as Teacher and Director to several Schools, and in 1912 he was elected as Vice-Speaker of Fukien Provincial Assembly. Chinputang. — p. 547 ([scan leaf 570](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n570/mode/1up))

**TSAO JUI** Provincial Treasurer of Chihli, April, 1912. — p. 547 ([scan leaf 570](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n570/mode/1up))

**TS'AO JU-LIN** Acting Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, November 11, 1913; Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs, August 10, 1913. — p. 547 ([scan leaf 570](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n570/mode/1up))

**TSAO YU-TE** Member for Anhui of the National Council. — p. 547 ([scan leaf 570](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n570/mode/1up))

**TSAO YUN-SIANG** Chekiang. Born 1880. Graduate of St. John's University, Shanghai; B.A. Yale (De Forest Gold Medalist); M.B.A. Harvard. Associate Editor of English and Chinese Standard Dictionary. Second Secretary of Chinese Legation, London, appointed July, 1914. — p. 547 ([scan leaf 570](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n570/mode/1up))

**TS'EN CH'UN-HSUAN** Kuangsi. Son of the late Viceroy Ts'en Yu-ying. Sub-Director of Court of Imperial Entertainments, June, 1892. Financial Commissioner, Kuangtung, September, 1898. Financial Commissioner, Kansu, December, 1898. Governor Shensi, September, 1900. Governor Shansi, March, 1901. Yellow Jacket, January, 1902. Governor Kuangtung, May, 1902. Acting Viceroy Szechuan, September, 1902–May, 1903. Acting Viceroy Liang Kuang, November, 1903. Viceroy Yun-kuei Provinces, September, 1906 (did not proceed). Viceroy Szechuan, March, 1907 (did not proceed). President of Board of Communications, May 3, 1907. Viceroy Liang Kuang, May, 1907 (did not proceed). Resigned on account of ill-health, August 12, 1907. Ordered to proceed to Szechuan in September, 1911, to suppress the railway agitation in that province, in co-operation with the Viceroy, Chao Erh-feng. Had not left Hankow when the Revolution broke out. Appointed Viceroy of Szechuan, October 14, but did not proceed. Commission for Pacification Fukien, September 12. Appointment ceased November 12. Director-General, Hukuang Railways, February 13. Resigned, June 17, 1913. His arrest ordered for alleged complicity in the rebellion, August 21, 1913. — p. 547 ([scan leaf 570](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n570/mode/1up))

**TSEN TSUNG-CHIEN** Acting Consul-General in Australia, 1915. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSENG KAN-CHEN** Kiangsi. Born 1877. Graduate of a Law School in Japan, and studied in Pennsylvania University, U.S.A. When the Revolution broke out in Wuchang, he returned from America, and was elected member of the Provisional Assembly of Hupeh. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSENG YEN** Kuangsi. Graduate of a Japanese University. Chairman of the Petitions Committee of the National Council, in which he sat as a member for his native province. A member of the Tung Meng Hui. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSENG YU-CHENG** Military Governor of Shanghai, 1915. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSÊNG YU-LAN** Kiangsi. Born 1880. Graduate of a University in Japan. Was a member of the late National Council, and a member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Was editor of the Sheng Chow Jih Pao, Shanghai, and Ti Kuo Jih Pao, Peking. Was Teacher at the High Law School in Peking. During the Revolution was made Chief of the Legislative Bureau of Kiangsi, and a member of the Kiangsi Assembly. Chinputang. Translated a book on the Imperial Japanese Constitution. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSENG YU-YI** Fengtien. A prominent member of the National Council, in which he was one of the Fengtien members. Was chosen to represent the House to interview the President on the occasion of Tang Shao-yi's departure from Peking. A member of the Tung-yi-kung-ho-tang. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSI CHUNG-YIN** Financial Commissioner, Yunnan. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSIANG MOU-HSI** Director-General of Mines in Kiangsu, 1915. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSIANG NGAN-HSING** A Director at the Generalissimo's Headquarters, Peking. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSOU SHU-SHENG** Kiangsi. Born 1881. Graduate of a University in Japan. Was the Chief of the Finance Department in Kiangsi for one year and five months. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSU YU-LIN** Vice-Minister Foreign Affairs, 1915. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TSUAN TSENG** General. Appointed Acting Chiangchun of Yunnan on outbreak of revolt, 1915. — p. 548 ([scan leaf 571](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n571/mode/1up))

**TU CHIEN** Kiangsu. A returned student from Japan, who was formerly acting Tutuh of Chefoo. A member of the Tung Meng Hui, and one of the Kiangsu members of the National Council. — p. 549 ([scan leaf 572](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n572/mode/1up))

**TU HSI-CHUN** Chihli. Born 1881. Graduate of the Military Officers' Institute in Japan. Lieutenant-General with the brevet rank of General, and Occupation Commissioner of Hankow. In 27th year of Kuang Hsu, was a petty officer in the new Army of Hupeh: 28th year, sent by Chang Chih-tung, the then Viceroy of Hupeh, to Japan to study: obtained first degree in a competitive examination on his return from Japan: Staff Officer of the 8th Army Division, 11th month, 1st year of Hsuan Tung. Sub-director for the Bureau for the training of the Army, 2nd month of the 2nd year of Hsuan Tung: Commander of the Third Ying of the 30th Regiment, 11th month of the same year. At the outbreak of the Revolution at Wuchang he led his troops and occupied Chu Wang Tai, Snake Hill, and Feng Huang Hill, whence he attacked the various Imperialists' centres. After the Revolution he was made Chief of the 2nd Regiment, Chief of the General Staff, General of the First Division of the Northern Expedition, High Military Adviser of the Vice-President and Military Councillor of the President, and has received the 3rd Order of Merit. Non-partisan. — p. 549 ([scan leaf 572](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n572/mode/1up))

**TU SZI-YI** Chekiang. Born 1879. Graduate of a University in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. — p. 549 ([scan leaf 572](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n572/mode/1up))

**TUAN CHI-JUI** Anhui. A graduate of the Peiyang Military School. Yuan Shih-kai's chief military adviser while Viceroy of Chihli. Brigade-General in Fukien in 1906, Deputy Lieutenant-General of the Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner, October, 1907; and General Commanding the Sixth Division of the Luchun, December, 1909. Commander-in-Chief, Kiangpeh, December, 1910. He was in a large measure responsible for the reorganization upon modern lines of the Northern Army, and after Yuan Shih-kai accepted the Premiership in November, 1911, he succeeded him as Viceroy of the Hukuang Provinces. On the recall of Baron Feng Kuo-chang, General Tuan took command of the First Army. He was one of the most prominent of the military commanders who signed the memorial to the Throne at the end of January, urging the Emperor to abdicate. On the formation of the first Republican Cabinet he was elected Minister of War. Given rank of General (Shang Chiang), September 7, 1912; of Field-Marshal, 1915. Chief of the Headquarter's Staff, 1915. Acting Premier, May 1, 1913, to July 19, 1913. Acting Tutuh of Hupeh (during Vice-President's absence in Peking), December 10, 1913. Chiangchun and Acting Governor of Fengtien. Minister of War, 1914. Granted sick leave, June 1, 1915. Created Duke of the First Order, December, 1915. — p. 549 ([scan leaf 572](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n572/mode/1up))

**TUAN SHIH-YUAN** Honan. Born 1883. Graduate of a Japanese University, specializing in political and financial matters. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan and a member of the Constitution Drafting Committee. A member of the Kuomintang. Translated several works, such as Political Science, Financial Problems, etc. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 549 ([scan leaf 572](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n572/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**TUAN YU-CHING** Yunnan. Ex-Vice-Chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Assembly. Member for that province of the National Council, and also a member of the Tung Meng Hui. — p. 550 ([scan leaf 573](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n573/mode/1up))

**TUNG HUNG-WEI** Educated in Japan, where he studied law and politics. Interpreter to the Chinese Legation at The Hague. A member of the Bureau of Technical Terms. Vice-Minister of Education (in charge May 1, 1913). — p. 550 ([scan leaf 573](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n573/mode/1up))

**T'UNG HANG-SHIH** Chekiang. Born 1876. Graduate of the Law School in Chekiang. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Was Teacher and Founder of several Schools. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 550 ([scan leaf 573](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n573/mode/1up))

**TUNG YU-CHUN** Industrial Taotai of Chihli, July, 1912. — p. 550 ([scan leaf 573](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n573/mode/1up))

**TYAU TSO-CH'IEN** (better known as Dr. Philip K. C. Tyau). Kuangtung. Born 1880. Educated at St. John's University, Shanghai; Cambridge University, M.A., LL.B.; Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple. A Chin-shih and Hanlin Compiler of the late Dynasty. Director-General of the Chinese Student-Mission to Europe, 1909. Joined Wai-wu Pu, 1910. A Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the establishment of the Republic, 1912. Secretary in the President's Office, May, 1912. First Secretary of the Chinese Legation, London, August, 1912. Appointed to the Chinese Legation, London, 1914, as an extra First Secretary, in temporary charge of the Chinese Consulate-General in London. — p. 550 ([scan leaf 573](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n573/mode/1up))

**WANG CHAO-MING** Cantonese. Graduate of a Tokio Law School. Ardent revolutionist. Notorious for the attempt to assassinate the Prince Regent by means of a bomb placed under a bridge over which the Regent daily passed. Arrested and imprisoned for life, but released after two years, in the autumn of 1911, after the outbreak of the Revolution. Went to Shanghai and rendered great service to the revolutionary party. Held important posts in the Nanking Revolutionary Government. Commissioned to go to Southern Islands to encourage allegiance of Chinese settlers to the Republic. — p. 550 ([scan leaf 573](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n573/mode/1up))

**WANG CHEN-YAO** Member for Chihli of the National Council. — p. 550 ([scan leaf 573](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n573/mode/1up))

**WANG CHENG-TING** (better known as C. T. Wang).—Chekiang. Studied in the Peiyang University from 1895 to 1900. Was a teacher in the Anglo-Chinese College in Tientsin, and at Changsha High School, of which he was head master. Studied in Japan for four years, where he was Secretary of the Y.M.C.A. at Tokio. Then went to America, where he studied law for three years. Was General Li Yuan-hung's Chief of Diplomatic Affairs at Wuchang, and Vice-Minister of Commerce and Industry in the first Republican Cabinet. Acting Minister of that Ministry until he resigned on the retirement of Tang Shao-yi. Vice-Speaker of the Senate until unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 550 ([scan leaf 573](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n573/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**WANG CHIA-HSIANG** Chekiang. Born 1871. A returned student from Japan. Was two years a Councillor to the Police Authority of Chekiang; three years Professor of the Police College at Chekiang; one year as Chief of Police Office, Shaoyin; two years as Teacher to a Law College; one year Chief of the Police Bureau of Kirin Province; two years member of the Chekiang Chu Yi Chu; one year member of the late National Council; and member and Speaker of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Chinputang. Director-General of the Mines in Chihli, 1915. — p. 551 ([scan leaf 574](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n574/mode/1up))

**WANG CHIA-PING** Shensi. Born 1882. Graduate of the High School in Shensi. Hsiutsai of the late Dynasty. Vice-Speaker of the Shensi Assembly. Was a Teacher of a Middle School and was a member of the Provisional Assembly of Shensi. Kuomintang. — p. 551 ([scan leaf 574](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n574/mode/1up))

**WANG CHIH-CHING** Member for Heilungkiang of the National Council. — p. 551 ([scan leaf 574](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n574/mode/1up))

**WANG CHIH-HSIN** Chief of Police, Peking Inner City, April, 1912. Acting Vice-Minister of Interior, July 18, 1913. Prefect of Shun-tienfu (Peking), October 16, 1913. Executed for bribery, October, 1914. — p. 551 ([scan leaf 574](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n574/mode/1up))

**WANG CH'ING-MU** Kiangsu. Secretary of Board of Commerce. September, 1903. Judicial Commissioner, Chihli, August, 1906. Retired January, 1907. Auditor-General, Chekiang, April, 1909. Commissioner of Finance, Kiangsu, April, 1912. — p. 551 ([scan leaf 574](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n574/mode/1up))

**WANG CHING-FANG** Honan. Born 1880. A returned student from Japan. Sub-editor of the Min Lik Pao, Shanghai, February, 1912. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Non-partisan. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 551 ([scan leaf 574](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n574/mode/1up))

**WANG CHING-FANG** Hupeh. Born 1876. Graduate of Liang-Hu College and a High Commercial School at Tokio. Director of Audit Bureau, and Chairman to the Committee for the Customs Duties, 1913. In the late Dynasty he was Director of the Bureau for the reform of the currency, and the Printing Bureau of Tuchipu, and Assistant Director of the Ta-ching Bank. After the Revolution was the Director of the Preparatory Department of the Ministry of Finance for organizing the affairs of the Ministry, and Director of the Bureau for Central Taxation, establishing branches in the Provinces. — p. 551 ([scan leaf 574](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n574/mode/1up))

**WANG CH'UNG-HUI** Kuangtung. Born in 1882. Studied at the Peiyang University from 1895 to 1900. Studied law in America (D.C.L. Yale), Germany and England. While in America he translated the German Civil Code into English, and acted as co-editor of the Journal of the American Bar Association. Called to the English Bar at the Inner Temple. Appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs under the Nanking Provisional Government, and elected Minister of Justice in the first Republican Cabinet. He was a member of the Tung Meng Hui, and resigned his post after the resignation of Tang Shao-yi. On his resignation from the Cabinet he was appointed Chief Adviser to the Waichiaopu. — p. 551 ([scan leaf 574](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n574/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**WANG FU-WEI** —Hupeh. Born 1887. Graduate of a Law School in Japan. Chief Secretary of the Ministry of Justice in Nanking Government. Was Chairman of the Central Judicial Conference. Was editor of the Chiao Yu Hsin Pao, and correspondent of the Hsing Yi Chiek. Councillor of the Ministry of Justice, 1913. Non-partisan. Author of The Finance of China, The Currency of China, The Mystery of the Learnings of Hsuntze, Industrial Education. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG HSIANG** —Szechuan. Born 1875. Studied three years in Japan. Was editor of the Hsin Chung Pao, at Chengtu. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kunghotang. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG HSIN-YUN** —Member for Kansu of the National Council. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG HU** —Chihli. Kirin Taotai, August, 1910. Acting Chief Civil Administrator, Hunan, October 7th, 1913. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG HUAI-SHÊN** —Anhui. Graduate of a Law College in Japan. Chief of the Department of Civil Affairs of the Ministry of Justice. During the Revolution he was arrested by the Martial Court in Peking, but was soon released and returned to Nanking and served in the 1st Army Division there. Kuomintang. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG HUNG-SHÊN** —Kirin. Born 1882. A Graduate of the Normal School in Kirin. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG I-TANG** —Governor of Kirin, 1915. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG JU-HSIEN** —Principal of the Academy for Military Officers, 1915. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG JUNG-PAO** —Kiangsu. Graduate of a Japanese University. Member of the former Tzechengyuan. Formerly Councillor of the Board of Constabulary. One of the Kiangsu members of the National Council, and a member of the Kunghotang. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG KÊNG** —Anhui. Born 1877. A returned student from Japan and Europe, Lieutenant-General with the brevet rank of General of the Army. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Was in the Three Eastern Provinces training the new army, and was a Brigadier. Went to Russia with Tai Hung-chi, and travelled in Europe and America. Was a Military Commissioner and Lieutenant-General of Miyun. Established a Private University. Member of the Committee of Chinputang. Address: Tung Tieh Chian Hutung, Peking. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG KUANG-CHI** —Attaché to the Chinese Legation at St. Petersburg, and formerly private secretary to Lu Cheng-hsiang, while he represented China in Holland and St. Petersburg. Was Secretary to the Cabinet from March 7 to October 6, when he resigned. Minister to Belgium, December 29, 1912. Minister Plenipotentiary in Italy, 1915. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG KUEI-FANG** —Lieut.-General of the Plain Blue Banner Mongol Corps, 1915. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))

**WANG KUO-TO** —Director of the Salt Transport Office in Hunan, 1915. — p. 552 ([scan leaf 575](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n575/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**WANG P'EI-CHU** Commissioner of Finance, Shantung, May, 1912. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHAN-CHUAN** Taoyin of Foochow, 1915. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHAO-AO** Kiangsu. Born 1886. Graduate of a University in Japan. Acting Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, Soochow, June, 1912. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan and member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. After the Revolution assisted Tsang Ping-ling in organizing Min-kuo Lien-ho Hui: which was reorganized and became the Tung-yi-tang, the policy and regulations of which were drawn up by him with the help of four others. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHIH-CHENG** General. Senior Director of the Generalissimo's Office. Chief of General Staff, 1916. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHIH-KUNG** Chihli. Born 1882. Graduate of Chihli High School and Normal School. Was a Teacher for three years. Member of Provisional Provincial Assembly, 1912. A member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHIH-T'UNG** Acting Vice-Minister of Justice, July-August, 1912. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHOU-CH'ANG** Fukien. Born 1863. Studied in the Arsenal School, Foochow, and also a Graduate of a Law College in France. Appointed Chief of the Department of Foreign Affairs, Fukien, December, 1912, and Delegate for Foreign Affairs June, 1913. Was several years in the Railway service, and in the first year of Hsuan Tung was appointed Director of the Arsenal of Han-Yang. Nonpartisan. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHOU-CHÊN** Anhui. Born 1871. Has been fifteen years in the police and judiciary services. Probationary Judge of High Court, Heilungkiang, June, 1911; Vice-Minister of Justice, September, 1912. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHU** Szechuan. Born 1876. Graduate of the Law College in Peking. Chujen. Was Judge of the High Court in Peking. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Chinputang. Author of The Essence of the Constitution and Criminal Code, and four volumes of other works. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHUANG-CH'I** Chihli. Born 1880. Graduate of a University in Japan. Chujen. A member of the Chun Yi Yuan. Was appointed to the Bureau for the Preparation of Chihli Chu Yi Chu, and then Chairman of the Department for the investigation of Self-Government. Chinputang. Author of The Principles of Self-Government, etc. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG SHU-SHENG** Member for Kirin of the National Council. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG TAH** Governor of Peking, 1915. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG T'UNG-LING** Chihli. Born 1878. Studied one year in Chihli High School; one in the Government University; Graduate of the High School and the Government University at Tokio. Was appointed Councillor of the Ministry of Education on the 24th of the 9th month of the 1st year of the Chinese Republic. Acted as Secretary of the Ministry, and was a Delegate to attend business in the Cabinet. Member of the Boards of various Schools. Appointed by the Ministry to be Delegate for the Bureau for the Panama Exhibition. — p. 553 ([scan leaf 576](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n576/mode/1up))

**WANG TA-HSIEH** Chekiang. Secretary, Waiwupu, September, 1903. Minister to Great Britain, September, 1905. Vice-President Waiwupu, November, 1906. Special Commissioner to study the British Constitution, 1908. Vice-President Ministry of Communications, August, 1908. Chinese Minister to Japan, May, 1910. Minister of Education, September 11, 1913. — p. 554 ([scan leaf 577](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n577/mode/1up))

**WANG TSANG-YUAN** Chiangchun of Hupeh, 1915. — p. 554 ([scan leaf 577](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n577/mode/1up))

**WANG TSU-T'ING** Finance Commissioner, Honan, July, 1912. Governor of Kuangsi, 1915 ; created Marquis of Second Order, December, 1915. — p. 554 ([scan leaf 577](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n577/mode/1up))

**WANG WEN-CHIN** Member for Chekiang of the National Council. — p. 554 ([scan leaf 577](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n577/mode/1up))

**WANG WEN-WEI** Chekiang. Born 1880. Educated in a Missionary School at Shanghai, and a Graduate of the College of Languages, Shanghai. Engaged as a clerk in the American Postal Agency at Shanghai for eleven years. When the Revolution broke out was made Sectional Chief of the Postal Department at Hangchow. When the Provisional Government was at Nanking he was a Sectional Chief in the Postal Department of the Ministry of Communications. Appointed Delegate of Communications to Peking by Chekiang Province, and became Chief of the Postal Department of the Ministry of Communications, on the 12th of May, 1912. Received the 4th Class of Chia-ho from the President. Kuomintang. — p. 554 ([scan leaf 577](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n577/mode/1up))

**WANG YING-CHUAN** Member of the Tsanchengyuan (Council of State), 1915. — p. 554 ([scan leaf 577](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n577/mode/1up))

**WANG YU-LING** Councillor of Law Department of Cabinet, July, 1912. Vice-Minister of Justice in Lu Cheng-hsiang's Ministry, August, 1912. Resigned in September, 1912. — p. 554 ([scan leaf 577](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n577/mode/1up))

**WANG YUNG-PING** Shansi. Born 1882. A Graduate of a Law School in Japan. Was Speaker of the Provisional Assembly of Shansi, and member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. After returning from Japan he opened a newspaper office in Shansi, and having incurred suspicion for revolutionary tendencies, he fled to avoid being arrested. During the Revolution he returned to Shansi, where he organized a Revolution army in Hotung, thus connecting the revolutionary forces of Shansi and Shensi. He was elected Tutuh by the people, but he refused the post. After the Declaration of the Republic he went to Taiyuanfu, in the capacity of Chief Civil Administrator, and organized the Provisional Assembly of Shansi and was elected Speaker of the Assembly. Then he invited Tutuh Yen to return to Shansi to take up his office as Tutuh. Was a member of the Kuomintang, but being dissatisfied with the actions of the tang, he began to organize the Chengyuhui. Author of The Constitutional History of China, Changes in Chinese Literature, etc. — p. 554 ([scan leaf 577](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n577/mode/1up))

**WEI CHIA-HUA** Kiangsu. Held Taotaiships in Yunnan in 1910-11. Vacated office in August, 1911. Civil Commissioner, Kiangsu, April, 1912. — p. 555 ([scan leaf 578](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n578/mode/1up))

**WEI CHING-HSIUNG** Director of the Branch Conservancy Office in Hunan, 1915. — p. 555 ([scan leaf 578](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n578/mode/1up))

**WEI CH'EN-TSU** Chief Secretary of the Cabinet, May, 1912. Retired July, 1912. Minister to Holland, November 24, 1912. — p. 555 ([scan leaf 578](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n578/mode/1up))

**WEI HAN** Chief Superintendent of Shipbuilding, 1915. — p. 555 ([scan leaf 578](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n578/mode/1up))

**WEN SHOU-CH'UAN** Military Commissioner of Shansi, July, 1912. — p. 555 ([scan leaf 578](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n578/mode/1up))

**WEN TSUNG-YAO** Kuangtung. Educated in America. Secretary to Canton Viceroy, 1905-8. Assistant Resident in Tibet, June, 1908. Played a very conspicuous part in the Revolution, in particular being mainly responsible for the foreign propaganda of the revolutionaries. In co-operation with Wu Ting-fang, and acting in complete understanding with the Wuchang leaders, he directed the issue of the Republican manifestoes and other pronouncements, and endeavoured by every possible device to prevent foreign loans to the Imperial Government. On the establishment of the Republic he became Commissioner of Trade and Foreign Affairs in Shanghai, a post which he resigned in April. He was subsequently offered the position of Chinese Resident in Tibet, but declined to accept it. — p. 555 ([scan leaf 578](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n578/mode/1up))

**WEN TU-CHOU** Hunan. Resides in Sinkiang. A Hsiutsai of the late Dynasty. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. A Magistrate of Changchihsien, Sinkiang (Kuang Hsu 34th year), and there at his own expense he established four primary Schools. A Magistrate of Shuilaihsien, Hsuan Tung first year, and within the two years when he was in office he established eleven primary Schools, which contained 932 pupils. He, with the assistance of the natives there, opened a canal, thirty li, which waters more than 9000 mou of fields. Kuomintang. Author of Minerals and Scenery in Sinkiang, etc. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 555 ([scan leaf 578](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n578/mode/1up))

**"WHITE WOLF."** Chinese name, Peh Lang. Honan. Family prominent in East Honan. Graduated from a Military Academy; was an officer under Wu Lu-cheng. Sent to recruit in Honan, while the latter marched on Peking (1913). When Wu Lu-cheng was assassinated, Peh Lang swore vengeance. When one of his own followers left him to join the Government forces, Peh Lang hesitated to commit himself, but sent emissaries to the Tutuh of Honan offering his services. These men were executed, and Peh Lang at once started a revolt of his own accord (August, 1913). He is believed not to have been in communication with the rebellion in the South, though he had the support of Sun Yat-sen. Although his band was not much more than a thousand strong, it roamed at will across a large part of China, burning and pillaging. It crossed in Anhui in January, 1914, then started westwards, reached the western border of China Proper, and then returned to its actual starting point. No less than 100,000 troops were mobilised to cope with the band, but few encounters took place. Either shortly before or shortly after the death of "White Wolf," which is said to have occurred on August 5, 1914, near Lashan, Honan, his band dissolved, many of its members enlisting in small groups in the regular army. — p. 555 ([scan leaf 578](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n578/mode/1up))

**WONG KAI-WÊN** Chief of Bureau of Rites. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHAO-LIN** Councillor, Luchunpu, April, 1912. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHAO-CHU** Kuangtung. Born 1886. A Graduate of Atlantic City High School, U.S.A.; University of London; Lincoln's Inn, London; Barrister-at-Law; LL.B.; Commissioner for Foreign Affairs for Hupeh, 1912; Chairman, Treaty Commission of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1912; Representative of Kuangtung, 1913; Member of Constitution-Drafting Committee, 1913; Awarded Studentship at Bar Examinations, 1911; Awarded Moiety of Scholarship at LL.B. Examinations by University of London, 1911. Kuomintang. An originator of the Minhsientang. Author of pamphlets entitled an Appeal for Recognition, and on China's Position in Tibet. Councillor of the State Department and Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 1915. Joint Examiner, with King Pang-ping, and American and Japanese advisers, of students graduated abroad. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHEN-NAN** Councillor, Ministry of Navy, September, 1912. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CH'ENG** Kiangsu. Born 1877. A Graduate of a Medical School at Tokio. Chief of the Sanitary Department of the Ministry of of the Interior, and Chairman of the Chinese Medical Society. Has been Teacher to various Government Schools. Non-partisan. Author of The History of Opium in China, etc. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHÊN-NAN** Kiangsu. Born 1881. A Graduate of the Naval School in Nanking, and a Naval School in England. Captain in the Navy. Was Teacher of the Navigation Department of the Naval School in Nanking. Chief of the Naval Department in Nanking, and when the Nanking Government was organized he became a Councillor of the Ministry of the Navy. Non-partisan. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHIN-HSIN** Censor. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHING-LIEN** Fengtien. Studied in Japan. Was Chairman of the Fengtien Provincial Assembly. Represented his province in the National Council, of which he was Chairman. A member of the Tung-yi-kung-ho-tang. Member of the Chung Yi Yuan. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHUN** Member for Kansu of the National Council. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHUNG-HSIEN** Chargé d'Affaires in Mexico. — p. 556 ([scan leaf 579](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n579/mode/1up))

**WU CHUNG-YING** Military Commissioner of Anhui, May, 1912. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))

**WU ERH-CH'ANG** Councillor in the Waichiaopu, April, 1912. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))

**WU FAN** Director of the Bank of Hunan, 1915. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))

**WU FANG** Financial Secretary of Chêkiang, 1915. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))

**WU LIEN-TEH** Kuangtung. Born 1880. Cambridge, England, B.A., M.B., B.C., M.D., France, Germany. Physician and Surgeon. Director and Chief Medical Officer, North Manchuria Plague Prevention Service. Twice Delegate to International Opium Conference, Hague. Chief Medical Officer during Plague Epidemic, 1910-11. Holder of many honours in Europe. Fellow and member of Learned Societies in Europe. Author of books on Plague and other Medical subjects. President of the National Medical Association. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))

**WU NAI-SHÊN** Chekiang. Born 1881. A Chujen of late Ching Dynasty. Graduate of Polytechnical Institute of Shanghai; B.S. of College of Commerce, University of California, U.S.A.; and M.A. of University of Wisconsin, U.S.A. Hanlin Compiler, 2nd and 3rd year of Hsuan Tung. Professor of the Commercial Course of the Government University, Peking, 1st year of Chinese Republic. Chief of the Currency Department of the Ministry of Finance, 1st year of Chinese Republic. Acting Vice-Director of the Bank of China, 2nd year of the Chinese Republic. Went to London to investigate the system of currency, 3rd year of Hsuan Tung. Belonged to the Chinputang. He is the author of Finance, Book-Keeping, and The Problem of the Reform of Chinese Currency. Address: Chia Lian Tze Hutung, Peking. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))

**WU PAO-KUEI** Brigade General of the Liang-chow military circuit in Kansu, 1915. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))

**WU PING-CH'EN** Szechuan. Born 1879. Graduate of the special Law College for the gentry of Szechuan. Member of Ts'an Yi Yuan and a lawyer in Peking. Was a Secretary to high Military and Civil officials in the late Dynasty. When trouble arose in connection with railway affairs in the 3rd year of Hsuan Tung, with the assistance of the gentry he started the Society for the Protection of Railways, which appointed him Delegate to proceed to Hunan and Hupeh to rouse up the people there in resistance against the Government. Took a prominent part in the Revolution, and was Chief of the Miscellaneous Department in the War Office of Szechuan. Chief Investigator of the Bureau of the Southern Szechuan Pacificator. Magistrate of Chianwei Hsien. Sectional Chief of Criminal Procedure Department of the Department of Justice and other official posts. Member of the Senate. Kunghotang. Address: Chung-shu Erh Tiao Hutung, outside the Hsuan Wu Men, Peking. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))

**WU PING-HSIANG** Chief of the Metropolitan Constabulary, 1915. — p. 557 ([scan leaf 580](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n580/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**Wu Shou-chien** Chargé d'Affaires and Consul-General in Cuba. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Wu Ting-fang** Kuangtung. Born 1842. A Graduate of St. Paul's College, Hongkong; and Lincoln's Inn, London; Barrister-at-Law; LL.D. (hon. can.); Minister to the U.S., Spain and Peru, 1896; Vice-President Board of Commerce, 1903; Commissioner for Revision of Treaties, 1903; Vice-President Board of Foreign Affairs, 1903; of Board of Punishments, 1906; Commissioner for Revision of Laws, 1905; Judge International Court of Arbitration at The Hague, 1905; Minister to U.S.A., Spain, Peru, and Cuba, 1907; Chief Revolutionary Delegate at Shanghai Peace Conference, 1911; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Justice under Nanking Government. First Chinese Barrister; Acted as Magistrate at Hongkong; revised treaties; revised and codified laws (e.g. Company Law); directed revolutionary propaganda; negotiated peace between North and South and terms of abdication. Name connected with numerous parties. Lives at 3 Gordon Road, Shanghai. Head of the Chinese Society for promoting Native Industries, 1915. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Wu Tsung-lien** Acting Senior Secretary, Waiwupu, September, 1908. Acting Junior Councillor, January, 1909. Minister to Italy, August, 1909. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Wu Wen-ping** Chief of the Constabulary Court, 1915. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Yan Shao-chung** Honan. Born 1881. A Graduate of the Normal School in Honan and of the Law College in Peking. Speaker of Honan Assembly. Was Teacher to various Normal and Law Colleges. Chinputang. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Yang Ch'ing** Yunnan. Born 1845. A Chujen of the late Dynasty. Was sent by the Viceroy of his Province to investigate Educational Affairs in Japan, where he remained and studied for one year in a Normal School. Most of his time was employed in Educational Affairs. Member of the Ts'an Yi Yuan. When the election of Speaker took place he was elected as Provisional Speaker of the House, being the oldest member of that House. Kuomintang. Author of the Records of Yunnan, etc. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. Commissioner of Trade and Foreign Affairs in the South. Councillor in the office of the Generalissimo of the Yangtze. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Yang Mien-chih** Hunan Born 1879. Graduate of the Normal School at Hunan and Graduate of a Japanese University. Councillor of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, appointed August, 1912. Kuomintang. Author of Philosophy, Poems (six volumes), The Blind (five volumes), and Talks. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Yang Ta** Member of the Tsanchengyuan (Council of State). — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Yang Ting-tung** Member for Kiangsu of the National Council. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))

**Yang Tse** Member for Kirin of the National Council. — p. 558 ([scan leaf 581](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n581/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**YANG TSENG-HSIN** —Yunnan. Aksu Taotai, Sinkiang, September, 1908. Acting Commissioner of Finance, Sinkiang, April, 1912. Tutuh of Sinkiang, May, 1912, of which Province he was also Acting Chief Civil Administrator. — p. 559 ([scan leaf 582](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n582/mode/1up))

**YANG YI-TEH** —Chihli. Born 1875. Educated in private school. A Major-General of the Army. Chief of the Police Bureau at Tientsin, Chief of the Military Office in connection with the Peiyang troops, at Tientsin. Non-partisan. — p. 559 ([scan leaf 582](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n582/mode/1up))

**YAO HUA** —Member for Shantung of the National Council. — p. 559 ([scan leaf 582](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n582/mode/1up))

**YAO SHIH-KUANG** —Senior Councillor, Board of War, July, 1907. Acting Junior Vice-President of the Board, March, 1909. Expectant Vice-President of a Board, December, 1910. Advisory Minister to the Privy Council, August, 1911. Director of Peiyang University. Vice-President of Ministry of Interior in 1910. Vice-Chief (and for some time Acting Chief) of Bureau for Mongolia and Tibet, July, 1912. — p. 559 ([scan leaf 582](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n582/mode/1up))

**YAO YUEH** —Salt Commissioner for the two Kuang provinces, 1915. — p. 559 ([scan leaf 582](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n582/mode/1up))

**YEH KUNG-CH'O** —Kuangtung. Born 1880. Studied in Government University, Peking. Was Chief of the Railway Department in the Ministry of Communications, and Vice-Minister of the same Ministry. After being a Teacher in various Schools in Hupeh, he joined the Ministry of Communications, and was one of the officials who planned to get back the control of the King-Han Railway from foreigners. He was appointed a Councillor to conduct the negotiations between the North and the South, and a Delegate to prepare for the Organization of the Provisional Government. Was a Member of the Finance Committee; Vice-Chairman of the Railway Association; Chairman of the Committee to decide the technical terms used by the railways; and the Chairman of the Society for the Unification of the System of Book-keeping among Railway Companies. Vice-Minister of Communications, July 3, 1913. Dismissed, 1915. — p. 559 ([scan leaf 582](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n582/mode/1up))

**YEN HSI-SHAN** —Shansi. Born 1882. A Graduate of a Military Staff School in Japan. Lieutenant-General with the brevet rank of General of the Army, and Tutuh of Shansi. In Japan he joined the Tung Men Hui, and after returning from that country he was appointed Director of the Military School and Chief of the 86th Regiment. When the Revolution broke out, he took up the revolutionary cause and was elected Tutuh of Shansi. He led an army and occupied Koupei and district. Was the first to propose that the troops should be disbanded in order to curtail expenses, and he himself disbanded more than 30,000 troops in his Province. When the rebellion in the South broke out he was a strong supporter of the Central Government. Non-partisan. Author of The Discipline of the Revolutionary Army. — p. 559 ([scan leaf 582](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n582/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**YEN P'AN-CH'UN** —Fengtien. Born 1862. A Graduate of Yanchenhu School in Fengtien. Hsiuchai. A Member of the Chung Yi Yuani. Was an investigator of the various societies; a member of the Fengtien Chu Yi Chu and a Vice-Speaker of the Provisional Fengtien Assembly. Chinputang. — p. 560 ([scan leaf 583](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n583/mode/1up))

**YEN HSI-SHAN** —Shansi. After graduating from the Shansi Military College he proceeded to Japan to complete his military studies in the Officers' Training School. On his return to China he was appointed to the command of the 80th Brigade. Elected Tutuh of Shansi on the outbreak of the Revolution. — p. 560 ([scan leaf 583](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n583/mode/1up))

**YEN HUI-CHING** (better known as Dr. W. W. Yen).—B.A. of University of Columbia, U.S.A. Member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. A Chin-Shih and Hanlin of the late Dynasty. Editor in Chief of English and Chinese Standard Dictionary. Third Secretary of Chinese Legation, Washington, 1908-10. Junior Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, August, 1911. Appointed Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs on the establishment of the Republic, April, 1912. Minister to Germany. Plenipotentiary for the Opium Conference at The Hague, May 26, 1913. — p. 560 ([scan leaf 583](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n583/mode/1up))

**YEN TE-CH'ING** —Councillor, Ministry of Communications, May, 1912. — p. 560 ([scan leaf 583](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n583/mode/1up))

**YEN TUN-YUAN** —Vice-Minister of the Interior, October 28, 1912. Resigned, July 8, 1912. — p. 560 ([scan leaf 583](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n583/mode/1up))

**YI TSUNG-KU'EL** —Hunan. Born 1875. Studied in Japan. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan, representing Mongolia, and a Member of the Constitution-Drafting Committee. One of the representatives sent by the provinces to request the opening of a Parliament. Was a member of the late Chu Cheng Yuan, and was prominent in the impeachment of Prince Ching. Was connected with the Revolution started by Tang Chai-tsang. On the failure of Kang Yu-wei's reform scheme he retired into seclusion and wrote several volumes on the subject of Reforms, until the time when schools were started everywhere, when he took up teaching. While in Japan he edited a revolutionary periodical. Kuomintang. Author of Huang Hai Lou Essays and Poetry. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 560 ([scan leaf 583](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n583/mode/1up))

**YIH ERH-WEI** —President of the High Court of Justice in Szechuan, 1915. — p. 560 ([scan leaf 583](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n583/mode/1up))

**YIN CHANG** —Manchu. Attached to Prince Ch'un's mission to Germany in 1901. Minister to Germany, August, 1901. Appointment renewed, December, 1904. Director of Noble's College, Peking, December, 1905. Provincial Commander-in-Chief, Kiangpei, September, 1906. Vice-President, Army Board, November, 1906. Minister to Germany for second time, September, 1908. Inspector-General of Autumn Manœuvres in Anhui, November, 1908. Proceeded to Germany, spring, 1909. Acting President, Board of War, March, 1910. Inspector-General of Divisions in vicinity of Peking, August, 1910. Minister of War in Prince Ching's Cabinet, December, 1910. Rank of General, March, 1911. Appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Forces, and sent to the front, on the outbreak of the Revolution at Wuchang. Recalled and appointed Chief of the General Staff, in place of Prince Tsai Tao, in November, 1911, from which post he subsequently resigned. Chief Military Secretary to the President. Member of the Tsanchengyuan (Council of State). Director of the Generalissimo's Office, Peking. — p. 560 ([scan leaf 583](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n583/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**YIN CHANG-HENG** Szechuan. Born 1884. Graduate of the Officers' Training School in Japan. Lieutenant-General of the Army with the brevet rank of a full General. Second Order of Merit. Decoration of Wen-hu, second class. Was Tutuh of Szechuan, and Occupation Commissioner of Szechuan Frontier. Pacification Commissioner of Szechuan Frontier, and Acting Tutuh, September, 1912. Suppressed disturbances in Szechuan. Defeated Tibetan troops and recovered the frontier of Szechuan. Resigned his membership from political parties. Author of General Principles for Military Officers, Military Morality, etc. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))

**YIN JU-CHI** Member for Chekiang of the National Council. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))

**YING TE-HUNG** Vice-Minister of Finance, June, 1912. Chief Civil Administrator Kiangsu, November 19, 1912; resigned, September 6, 1913. General Director of Military Affairs of Kiangsu, July 25, 1913. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))

**YU HUNG-CH'I** Shantung. Born 1876. Graduate of the High Normal School of the Government University at Peking, and a Chujen. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))

**YU LANG** Prince. A noble of the Imperial House. Vice-President, Board of Police, October, 1905. Assistant Comptroller Hatamen Octroi, September, 1906. Vice-President, Board of Interior, November, 1906. Prince of the Third Order, February, 1908. Charged with others with the formation of the new Imperial Body Guard, December, 1908. Commander of Peking Gendarmerie, January, 1909. Head of the General Staff, June, 1909. Grand Councillor, August, 1910. Chief of General Staff (with Prince Tsai Tao) in Prince Ching's Cabinet, an office from which he was removed on November 1, 1911. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))

**YU TAO-HSUAN** Anhui. Graduate of a Japanese Law College. A member of the Tung Meng Hui, and one of the Anhui members of the National Council. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))

**YU WEN-TING** Chief of the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, 1913. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))

**YUAN CHIA-P'U** Financial Commissioner of Yunnan, May, 1912. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))

**YUAN CHUNG-SHU** Councillor, Constitutional Department of Cabinet. June, 1911. Vice-Minister of Communications, February, 1912, Retired on formation of first Republican Ministry. Chief Private Secretary to President Yuan. — p. 561 ([scan leaf 584](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n584/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**YÜAN HSI-T'AO** —Kiangsu. Born 1865. A Graduate of the Shanghai Lungmen College, and was appointed to proceed to Japan to investigate educational affairs. Chujen of the late Dynasty. Was two years a member of the Educational Committee of his native town; three years a member of the Shanghai City Municipal Council; two years a member of the Kiangsu Educational Society; and three years a Sectional Chief of the Chihli Educational Society. In the fifth month of the first year of the Republic was appointed Chief of the Department of General Education. Has for years devoted himself to educational affairs. Non-partisan. Vice-Minister of Education, 1915. — p. 562 ([scan leaf 585](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n585/mode/1up))

**YUAN JUNG-SOU** —Chekiang. Born 1881. Graduate of the Political Science Department of the University at Tokio. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan, and editor of the Kuominkungpao. Was Professor of Political Science in the Frontier College. Non-partisan. Author of many Essays on Politics published in various papers. — p. 562 ([scan leaf 585](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n585/mode/1up))

**YUAN K'O-TING** —Honan. Eldest son of President Yuan Shih-kai. Expectant Taotai, employed upon special service in Manchuria, 1906. Junior Secretary of Board of Commerce, April, 1907. Sustained a serious accident while in Honan, in the spring of 1911, as the result of a fall from a horse. Went to Germany in 1913 for medical treatment. — p. 562 ([scan leaf 585](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n585/mode/1up))

**YÜAN PING-HUANG** —Hunan. Born 1882. Graduate of the Police College of Sinkiang. A member of the Chung Yi Yuan for Sinkiang. Kuomintang. Unseated by Presidential Order of November 4, 1913. — p. 562 ([scan leaf 585](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n585/mode/1up))

**YUAN SHIH-KAI** —Honan. Born in 1859. In 1882 went with a Chinese detachment to Korea, where he remained for twelve years, becoming Chinese Imperial Resident at Seoul at the age of twenty-six. He held this position until expelled with other Chinese at the time of the Chino-Japanese War. Appointed Judicial Commissioner, Chihli, in July, 1897. Expectant Vice-President of a Board, with control of an Army Corps, in September, 1898, when he assisted the Empress Dowager in effecting a coup d'état. Junior Vice-President of the Board of Works, June, 1899. Acting Governor of Shantung in December, 1899. Appointed Governor of Shantung in March, 1900, in which capacity he rendered material assistance to foreigners during the Boxer outbreak. In mourning, June, 1901, but remained at his post as Acting Governor. Succeeded Li Hung-chang as Viceroy of Chihli in December, 1901, when he was appointed Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Received the Yellow Riding Jacket in January, 1902. Director-General of the Northern Railways, January, 1902. Consulting Minister to the Government Council, January, 1902. Minister of Army Reorganization Council, July, 1903. Took a prominent part in the formation of China's Modern Army. President of the Board of Foreign Affairs, September 4, 1907. Grand Councillor, September 4, 1907. Employed in arrangements for Imperial funerals, November, 1908. Senior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, December 19, 1908. Dismissed from office by the Prince Regent, and ordered to return to his native place, January 2, 1909. Appointed Hukuang Viceroy, with control of Imperial land and maritime forces, on the outbreak of the Revolution on October 14, 1911. Refused appointment, but subsequently, at the urgent request of the Throne, accepted it, and proceeded to the front. Appointed President of the Council of Ministers (Premier), November 1, 1911, on the dismissal of Prince Ching. Arrived in Peking on November 13, and was at once given command of all troops in the vicinity of the capital. Accepted the Premiership on November 15. The announcement of the formation of the "first responsible Cabinet" was made next day. Was appointed Imperial Plenipotentiary for the purpose of arranging terms of peace with the revolutionaries. Tendered his resignation as Premier on December 28. An unsuccessful attempt upon his life was made in the streets of Peking on January 15. Offered, and three times refused, the rank of Marquis during the last week in January, 1912. Given full powers to arrange terms of abdication by a secret edict dated February 3. By the Abdication Edicts of February 12 was given full powers to organize a Republican Government in conference with the Republican leaders. Elected Provisional President of the Chinese Republic by the National Council at Nanking on February 15. Took the oath of office on March 10 at Peking. Re-elected Formal President of the Chinese Republic, October 6, 1913. Inaugurated, October 10, 1913. — p. 562 ([scan leaf 585](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n585/mode/1up))


## Who's Who

**YUAN TA-HUA** —Anhui. Judicial Commissioner, Shantung, May, 1906. Financial Commissioner, Honan, December, 1906. Acting Governor, August, 1907. Acting Governor Shantung, March, 1908. Mourning, April, 1908. Governor of Sinkiang, November, 1910. Resigned, April, 1912, and ordered to take command of troops in Sinkiang and assist the Tutuh to restore order. — p. 563 ([scan leaf 586](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n586/mode/1up))

**YUNG KOW-HSIN** —Civil Governor of Yunnan, 1915. — p. 563 ([scan leaf 586](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n586/mode/1up))


## Foreigners in China

### Foreign Associations connected with China

**The China Association (British)** Head Office, 99 Cannon Street, London; President, G. Jamieson, C.M.G.; Chairman of Committee, F. Anderson; Vice-Chairman, Robert H. Hill; Hon. Treasurer, R. Chatterton Wilcox; Secretary, H. C. Wilcox; General Committee, Right Hon. Lord Inchcape, G.C.M.G., etc., Sir T. Sutherland, G.C.M.G., Sir Alfred Dent, K.C.M.G., Sir Walter C. Hillier, K.C.M.G., Sir Charles Dudgeon, Sir Frederick S. A. Bourne, F. Anderson, John C. Bois, Byron Brenan, C.M.G., F. Cornes, G. B. Dodwell, W. Fisher, R. S. Gundry, C.B., W. Harwood, J. S. Haskell, R. H. Hill, G. Jamieson, C.M.G., H. D. C. Jones, H. H. Joseph, W. D. Little, J. P. Reid, H. W. Robertson, C. H. Ross, D. C. Rutherford, Charles V. Sale, F. Salinger, Gershom Stewart, M.P., H. D. Stewart, A. M. Townsend, T. H. Whitehead, R. C. Wilcox, A. G. Wood. China Branches at Shanghai, Hongkong, and Tientsin. The China Association has established an Incorporated School of Chinese in connexion with King's College, London, under the following Committee of Management: Sir Walter Hillier, K.C.M.G., Sir Charles Dudgeon, R. S. Gundry, C.M.G., J. H. Gwither, Byron Brenan, C.M.G., G. Jamieson, C.M.G. (Hon. Sec.). — p. 637 ([scan leaf 662](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n662/mode/1up))

**The China Society (British)** Chairman, Byron Brenan, C.M.G.; Vice-Chairman, A. M. Townsend; Hon. Treasurer, J. Maclennan; Hon. Secretary, P. K. C. Tyau; Secretary, Lionel Giles, M.A., D.Litt., 13 Whitehall Gardens, Acton Hill, London, W.; The Council, H. F. Brady, Capt. N. P. Brooke, George Brown, L. Cranmer-Byng, Arthur Diósy, Sir Walter C. Hillier, K.C.M.G., George Jamieson, C.M.G., Rev. C. Currie Martin, G. M. H. Playfair, F. T. Souter, A. M. Townsend. — p. 637 ([scan leaf 662](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n662/mode/1up))

**North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society** President, Sir Everard Fraser, K.C.M.G.; Curator, Dr. A. Stanley; Librarian, Mrs. F. Ayscough; Hon. Treasurer, R. R. Hynd; Hon. Secretary and Editor, S. Couling, M.A.; Councillors, Prof. C. du Bois-Raymond, Dr. J. C. Ferguson, H. E. Fulford, C.M.G., Dr. F. E. Hinckley, Hon. Gaston Kahn, W. E. Leveson. — p. 637 ([scan leaf 662](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n662/mode/1up))


## THE CHINA YEAR BOOK

**The American Association of China** Shanghai. President, Dr. S. A. Ransom; Vice-President, F. J. Raven, Hon. Secretary, Dr. W. T. Findley; Hon. Treasurer, J. W. Gallagher; Committee, J. J. Connell, J. C. Shengle, Carl F. Seitz, W. S. Fleming, H. H. Arnold, S. Trumper, W. A. Reed. (In connection with the American Asiatic Association, New York. Secretary, John Foord, P.O. Box 1500, New York.) — p. 638 ([scan leaf 663](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n663/mode/1up))

**American School of Archaeology in China** Chairman, Charles D. Wolcott. — p. 638 ([scan leaf 663](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n663/mode/1up))

**Chinese Anglo-American Society** Shanghai. Hon. Secretary, Ch'ên Kuo-ch'uan. — p. 638 ([scan leaf 663](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n663/mode/1up))

**Association Amicale Franco-Chinoise** Head Office, 18 Rue La Fayette, Paris; Georges Ducrocq, Secretary. Branch, Peking. — p. 638 ([scan leaf 663](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n663/mode/1up))

**Deutsche Vereinigung** Shanghai. — p. 638 ([scan leaf 663](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n663/mode/1up))

**Japanese Association** Shanghai. — p. 638 ([scan leaf 663](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n663/mode/1up))

**The British Engineers' Association** President, Douglas Vickers; Vice-Presidents, Sir R. A. Hadfield, F.R.S., Herbert Marshall, Rt. Hon. Sir W. Mather, P.C., LL.D., C. C. Scott, Sir J. I. Thornycroft, LL.D., F.R.S.; Chairman of Executive Committee, Wilfrid Stokes; Secretary, Stafford Ransome. Co., Jardine and Matheson and Co., Kailan Mining Administration, Kelly and Walsh, Lane, Crawford, and Co., Lavers and Clark, Lever Bros. (China), Ltd., Liddell Bros. and Co., William Little and Co., Mackenzie and Co., Mactavish and Lehmann, Maitland and Co., Middleton and Co., Norbury, Natzio, and Co., North China Daily News and Herald, North China Insurance Co., Walter Nutter and Co., E. Pabaney, Peninsula and Oriental Steamship Navigation Co., Price's (China), Ltd., Probst, Hanbury, and Co., Reiss and Co., Reuter's Telegram Co., Alex. Ross and Co., Royal Insurance Co., David Sassoon and Co., E. D. Sassoon and Co., Schloss and Co., Scott, Harding, and Co., Shanghai Dock and Engineering Co., Shanghai Electric and Asbestos Co., Shewan, Tomes, and Co., Slowe and Co., Union Insurance Co. of Canton, A. S. Watson and Co., Weeks and Co., White-Cooper, Oppe, and Master, Wilkinson, Heywood, and Clark, Yangtsze Insurance Association. The Chamber issues a monthly publication known as the British Chamber of Commerce Journal, and has also established a language school in Shanghai. — p. 638 ([scan leaf 663](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n663/mode/1up))


## Foreigners in China

### Canton British Chamber of Commerce

**List of Members** Asiatic Petroleum Co. (South China), (petrol, liquid fuel, oil, paraffin, wax, etc.), Bomanjee and Co. (commission agents, silk merchants), British-American Tobacco Co., Ltd., Brunner, Mond, and Co. (manufacturers of pure alkali and soap), Butterfield and Swire (shipping, engineering, docking, and insurance agents), Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China, Deacon and Co. (general merchants), Dent and Co. (general merchants, silk and tea), N. K. Dhabhar (silk merchant and commission agent), Dialdas and Sons (general merchants, export dealers), Dodwell and Co. (general merchants, machinery, shipping), Dossabhoy and Co. (general merchants), W. Farmer (proprietor, Victoria Hotel), T. E. Griffith (raw and waste silk merchants, general export), Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Jardine, Matheson, and Co. (general merchants, shipping, insurance agents), B. F. Kavarana and Co. (silk merchants, commission agents), M. H. Kavarana and Sons (silk merchants, commission agents), S. F. Kavarana (silk merchant, commission agent), Lever Bros. (China), (agents for Lever Brothers, Ltd., Vinolia Co., London; Hodgson and Simpson, Ltd., Wakefield), W. R. Luxley and Co. (importers and exporters, commission agents), M. N. Mehta (merchant, — p. 643 ([scan leaf 668](https://archive.org/details/china-year-book-1916/page/n668/mode/1up))