# The Japan Year Book 1905 — Who's Who & Directories

388 entries, LLM-transcribed. These entries were transcribed by the vision model of Opus 5.5. Before using any of these details, you must verify specific details with the original source which is linked to whenever possible.


## Imperial Court

### Reigning Sovereign and Family

**His Imperial Majesty Mutsu-hito** 121st Emperor of Japan, born Nov. 3rd, 1852, second son of the late Emperor Kōmei; declared Heir Apparent July 10th, 1860, and succeeded to the Throne in Jan., 1867; crowned at Kyoto, Oct. 31st, 1868; married Dec. 28th, 1868, to Princess Haruko, third daughter of Ichijō Tadaka, a noble of first rank. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 51](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n51/mode/1up))

**Haruko** Empress of Japan, born May 28th, 1850, and declared Empress on the day of the marriage to the Emperor. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 51](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n51/mode/1up))

### Children

**Yoshi-hito** Haru-no-miya, third son of the Emperor, born August 31st, 1879, and proclaimed Heir Apparent on Aug. 31st, 1887, and elected Crown Prince on Nov. 3rd, 1889; was married to Princess Sadako, 4th daughter of Prince Kujō, on May 10th, 1900; is a Colonel in the Army, and Captain in the Navy. Three sons have been born from this union :— — p. 22 ([scan leaf 51](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n51/mode/1up))

**Hiro-hito** first son, born April 29th, 1901, designated Michi-no-miya, or Prince Michi. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 51](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n51/mode/1up))

**Yasu-hito** second son, born on 25th June, 1902, and is known under the title of Yasu-no-miya, or Prince Yasu. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 51](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n51/mode/1up))

**Third son, Nobu-hito** born Jan. 3rd, 1905, and designated Teru-no-miya, or Prince Teru. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 51](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n51/mode/1up))

**Masako** Tsune-no-miya, sixth daughter of the Emperor, born Sept. 30th, 1888; betrothed to Lieutenant Prince Tsune-hisa Kitashirakawa. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 51](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n51/mode/1up))

**Hisako** Kane-no-miya, 7th daughter of the Emperor, born Jan. 28th, 1890. — p. 23 ([scan leaf 52](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n52/mode/1up))

**Nobuko** Fumi-no-miya, 8th daughter of the Emperor, born Aug. 7th, 1891. — p. 23 ([scan leaf 52](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n52/mode/1up))

**Toshiko** Yasu-no-miya, 9th daughter of the Emperor, born May 11th, 1896. — p. 23 ([scan leaf 52](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n52/mode/1up))

### Imperial Families

**Fushimi** Prince Sadanaru, head, son of Kuni-iye Fushimi, born April 28th, 1858; took part in the Japan-China War as a Brigade Commander; represented Japan on the occasion of the coronation ceremony of Tsar Nicholas II, 1896; commanded the First Army Division at the battle of Nan-san May 26th, 1904; promoted full General in June; dispatched to America to attend the St. Louis Exhibition; appointed member of the Supreme Council of War.
Princess Toshiko, consort of the Prince, daughter of the late Prince Takahito Arisugawa; born May 21st, 1858; married to the Prince Oct. 6th, 1876.
Issues :—two sons and a daughter.
Prince Hiro-yasu, 1st son, born Oct. 16th, 1876; succeeded the house of Kwachō-no-miya April 23rd, 1883, but returned to the present house on Jan. 16th, 1904; was wounded on board the Mikasa at the Battle of Yellow Sea, Aug. 10th, 1904.
Princess Tsuneko, consort of Prince Hiro-yasu, daughter of Prince Yoshihisa Tokugawa, born Sept. 23rd, 1882; married Jan. 9th, 1897.
Issues :—two sons and a daughter. — p. 23 ([scan leaf 52](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n52/mode/1up))

**Arisugawa** Prince Take-hito, head, 4th son of Prince Takahito; born Jan. 13th, 1862; entered Navy while young and received training in England; was commander of the cruiser Matsushima in the Japan-China War; is now a full Admiral and member of the Supreme Council of War.
Princess Yasuko, 4th daughter of the late Marquis Maeda, born Feb. 13th, 1864; married to the Prince on Dec. 11th, 1880.
Issues :—a son and a daughter.
Dowager Princess Tadako, mother, 7th daughter of the late Count Mizoguchi, born May 12th, 1855; became widow in 1895. — p. 23 ([scan leaf 52](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n52/mode/1up))

**Kan-in** Prince Koto-hito, head, son of Prince Kuni-iye Fushimi; born Sept. 22nd, 1865; appointed Sub-Lieutenant of the Cavalry 1887; entered a French military school; was Major at the time of the Japan-China War; was recently promoted to be Lieut.-General of Cavalry and in the present War took distinguished part in Manchuria under Marshal Marquis Ōyama.
Princess Chiyeko, consort, 2nd daughter of the late Prince Sanetomi Sanjō, born May 25th, 1872; married to the Prince Dec. 19th, 1891.
Issues :—a son and three daughters. — p. 24 ([scan leaf 53](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n53/mode/1up))

**Higashi-Fushimi** Prince Yorihito, head, son of the late Prince Kuni-iye Fushimi; born Sept. 19th, 1867; Captain of the Navy; was second in command on board the cruiser Chitose which with the Tsushima bombarded and sank the Russian cruiser Novic at Korsakof, Saghalien, Aug. 20th, 1904.
Princess Kaneko, consort, 1st daughter of Prince Tomosada Iwakura; born Aug. 29th, 1876; married on Feb. 10th, 1898. — p. 24 ([scan leaf 53](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n53/mode/1up))

**Kwacho** Prince Hirotada, head, 2nd son of Prince Hiroyasu Fushimi, born Jan. 26th, 1902.
Dowager Princess Ikuko, grandmother, 1st daughter of the late Toshitake Nambu, born Aug. 5th, 1853. — p. 24 ([scan leaf 53](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n53/mode/1up))

**Yamashina** Prince Kikumaro, head, 1st son of the late Prince Akira; born July 3rd, 1873; studied in Germany; was on board cruiser Yakumo early in the War; promoted Junior Captain.
Princess Tsuneko, consort, 5th daughter of Prince Tadayoshi Shimazu; born Feb. 7th, 1874; married to the Prince Nov. 26th, 1902.
Issues :—two sons and a daughter. — p. 24 ([scan leaf 53](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n53/mode/1up))

**Kaya** Prince Kuninori, head and founder, 2nd son of the late Prince Asahiko; born June 1st, 1867; Lord Guardian of the Great Shrine of Ise.
Princess Yoshiko, consort, 1st daughter of Marquis Daigo; born Oct. 20th, 1865; married to the Prince Nov. 26th, 1892.
Issues :—a son and two daughters. — p. 25 ([scan leaf 54](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n54/mode/1up))

**Kuni** Prince Kuniyoshi, head, 3rd son of the late Prince Asahiko; born July 23rd, 1873; ranks as Captain of Infantry in the Army and is attached to Gen. Kuroki's Staff.
Princess Chikako, consort, 7th daughter of Prince Tadayoshi Shimazu; born Oct. 19th, 1879; married on Dec. 13th, 1899.
Issues :—two sons and a daughter. — p. 25 ([scan leaf 54](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n54/mode/1up))

**Nashimoto** Prince Morimasa, head, 4th son of the late Sadayoshi Fushimi; born March 9th, 1874; on the outbreak of the War hurried back from France where he was studying at a military academy; was attached to Marshal Marquis Ōyama's Staff as Captain of Infantry.
Princess Itsuko, consort, 2nd daughter of Marquis Nabeshima; born Feb. 2nd, 1882; married Nov. 28th, 1900.
Issues :—a daughter. — p. 25 ([scan leaf 54](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n54/mode/1up))

**Kita-shirakawa** Prince Narihisa, head, 2nd son of the late Prince Yoshi-hisa; born April 18th, 1887.
Dowager Princess Tomiko, mother, adopted daughter of the late Prince Hisamitsu Shimazu; born Aug. 8th, 1862; became widow in 1895.
Prince Tsunehisa, elder brother; born Sept. 22nd, 1882; ranks as Lieutenant of Cavalry in the Army and was attached for a long while to the Staff of Gen. Kuroki.
Prince Narihisa has one more brother and four sisters. — p. 25 ([scan leaf 54](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n54/mode/1up))

**Komatsu** Dowager Princess Yoriko, consort of the late Prince Akihito Komatsu; 1st daughter of the late Yorishige Arima; born June 18th, 1852; married Nov. 6th, 1869; became widow Feb. 18th, 1903. — p. 26 ([scan leaf 55](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n55/mode/1up))


## Mercantile Marine: Leading Steamship Establishments

### Leading Steamship Establishments

**The Nippon Yusen Kaisha (Japan Mail Steamship Company)** Formed in 1885 by the amalgamation of the two rival companies, the Mitsubishi and the Kyōdō Unyu, the Nippon Yusen Kaisha was in the position to furnish to the Government 57 steamers with the aggregate tonnage of 130,000 when war broke out between Japan and China in 1894. The expansion of the company's business has been remarkable during the ten years that have elapsed since that time. First the company increased its capital to 22,000,000 yen and had more than ten vessels built at home and abroad. In 1895 the company was ready to put into execution its ambitious scheme of opening a regular service to Europe, and in the following year that to America and Australia. As the company had been running a regular service to Bombay, its scope of business now included four ocean routes. For those four regular lines, the company is granted a certain rate of subsidy by the Government. The European and American lines are a fortnightly service, while the service to Australia and Bombay is once in four weeks. The company is also carrying on a regular coasting trade, a service to the neighbouring Asiatic ports, and those on the Yangtze. The total length of the cpmpany's regular services is 44,418 miles. — p. 171 ([scan leaf 200](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n200/mode/1up))

**The Osaka Shosen Kaisha (Osaka Merchant Steamship Company)** The company was created in 1884 with the express object with the important trading ports lying west of Osaka. The field of operation has subsequently been enlarged and at present the company's steamers regularly visit, Formosa and Korean and Chinese ports. The total length of the company's regular services is 19,727 miles. — p. 172 ([scan leaf 201](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n201/mode/1up))

**The Toyo Kisen Kaisha (Oriental Steamship Company)** The Tōyō Kisen Kaisha is the youngest sister of the three, having been established in 1896, the service opened at the end of 1898. The company runs a regular fortnightly service to San Francisco on one hand and to Shanghai and Hongkong as the other terminus. — p. 173 ([scan leaf 202](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n202/mode/1up))


## Contemporary Worthies

**Abe, Taizo** b. August 1849; held post in the Education Department, which he resigned to found the Meiji Life Insurance Company, in 1881, being the pioneer establishment in Japan, as the Meiji Fire Insurance Co. founded ten years later by him and others interested is the pioneer in this line. He is president of the two establishments. — p. 231 ([scan leaf 260](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n260/mode/1up))

**Adachi, Tsunayuki** Inspector-General of the Metropolitan Police Board, b. in Satsuma, Nov., 1859; filled post of chief Police Commissioner at several provinces; was appointed Director of the Police Bureau, Home Office, in 1901, and appointed to the present post two years later. — p. 231 ([scan leaf 260](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n260/mode/1up))

**Akabane, Shiro** Japanese Minister at Madrid, was b. at Aidzu, 1859; studied at Yale University, U.S.A.; entered the Department for Eoreign Affairs '80; then Secretary of Japanese Legations at Berlin, St. Petersburg and Washington; Private Secretary of Minister for Foreign Affairs (Viscount Aoki) '90-'91; afterwards Secretary of Japanese Legation at Berlin; Minister Resident in Neatherland '94-'99; Chief Councillor for Foreign Office '96-1900. — p. 231 ([scan leaf 260](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n260/mode/1up))

**Akamatsu, Noriyoshi** Baron (cr. 1887), Vice-Admiral (retired), M. of the House of Peers, was b. at Shizuoka, Nov. 1841; was sent, together with Adm. Vis. Enomoto by the Tokugawa-Government to Holland to study naval theory and art from 1861 (?) to 1866, so that he is a pioneer naval officer in Japan; promoted Rear-Admiral '74; Commander-in-Chief of Sasebo Naval Station and of Yokosuka Naval Station, &c.; Vice-Admiral '87 when he retired. — p. 231 ([scan leaf 260](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n260/mode/1up))

**Akimoto, Viscount** (cr. 1884), formerly Daimyo of Tatebayashi in the province of Kozuke, born May 4th, 1857; Minister Resident and Minister Plenipotentiary from 1890 to '92; is a great connoisseur in pictorial art and a patron of the national game of wrestling. — p. 231 ([scan leaf 260](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n260/mode/1up))

**Amano, Tameyuki** Dr., Hogaku-hakushi, economist, Professor of Waseda University, b. in Hizen, Dec. 1859; grad. Tokyo University '82; since then devoting himself to teaching at Waseda; sat 1st and 2nd sessions in the House of Rep'tatives, but soon withdrew from the uncongenial atmosphere of practical politics. Wrote several works on ecomomics and history of which "Principles on Economic" is popular; is editor and prop. of the "Oriental Economist," a thrice-a-month journal of high authority and extensive circulation. — p. 231 ([scan leaf 260](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n260/mode/1up))

**Amemiya, Keijiro** was b. in the province of Kai, Sept. 1845; once a great power on the Exchange and at present in business circles; is the president of the Tokyo Street Railway Co. and it was owing to his strenuous opposition to the proposal of amalgamating his company with the Tokyo Electric Railway Co. that the citizens are at present enjoying the benefit of the uniform 3 sen fare system. Karuizawa, a well-known summer resort, owes him much for present prosperity. Energy and great decision are prominent features in his character. — p. 231 ([scan leaf 260](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n260/mode/1up))

**Aoki, Viscount** (cr. 1884), a Privy Councillor, b. Jan. 1844, in Choshu; appointed Secretary of Japanese Legation at Berlin in '73 and afterward Minister; Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs '86-'89; Minister for Foreign Affairs '89-'91 and '98-1900. Was twice Minister at Berlin and for a short while had charge of a similar duty in England as additional post. Viscountess Aoki is a German lady, and their only child, a girl, has become Countess Hatzefelt, a celebrated German family. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Aoyama, Tanemichi** Dr., Igaku-hakushi, was b. in May 1859; studied medicine in Germany and was made Professor of the Col. of Medicine of the Imp. Tokyo University; was almost killed by pest at Hongkong in 1894 whither he with Dr. Kitazato was despatched by the Government to investigate the disease, and by which he was affected. He pulled through, and this incident explains why he bears a Court rank higher in degree than that of most of his colleagues. He is one of the most distinguished experts in internal diseases. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Araki, Kwanpo** b. June 1831 in Tokyo, one of the most distinguished historic painters of the Shijo school, is a Professor of the Gov. Fine Arts Institute and a member of the Fine Art Committee attached to the Imp. Household. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Arichi, Shinanosuke** Baron, Vice-Admiral (retired), Member of the House of Peers since 1897, was b. in Choshu, March 1843; Lieut.-Commander '72; Commander of Yokosuka Admiralty and Kure; then successively Chief of Naval Staff, Commander-in-Chief of Standing Fleet &c.; Vice-Admiral is at present devoting himself to promoting the cause of the Japan Maritime Society of which he is president. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Ariga, Nagao** Dr., Hogaku-hakushi, was b. in Settsu, Oct. 1860; grad Tokyo University; Private Secretary of Marquis Ito (then President of Privy Council) '87; afterwards Councillor at the Department of Agriculture and Commerce; took charge of affairs relating to international law during the Japan-China War of '94-'95, and holds a similar post in the present campaign. He is a Professor of Waseda University. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Arisaka** Major-General, inventor of the Arisaka gun, was b. in Choshu, Feb. 1852; appointed Col. in 1895 and Major-Gen. about six years after. It was in Nov. 1901 that his quick-firing mountain gun was completed. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Asabuki, Yeiji** b. Feb. 1849 in Oita-ken, and is a Director of the Mitsui Company, taking charge of spinning dep't. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Asada, Yasunori** M. of the House of Peers, b. in Kyoto, Nov. 1848; First Class Councillor to Japanese Legation at Washington, U. S. A. '74; Councillor of the Department for Foreign Affairs '79; Director of the Bureau of Commercial Affairs '86; Governor of the Prefecture of Kanagawa, '99; Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs, 1900; then that of Communications. Since 1903 Member of the House of Peers. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Asano, Soichiro** President of the Toyo Steamship Co., was b. Mar. 1848; is prominent in connection with cement and petroleum business, a very sharp man who has risen from obscurity to the present position. Indeed he is considered in some quarters as being too sharp to repose full confidence in him. — p. 232 ([scan leaf 261](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n261/mode/1up))

**Atomi, Takino** b. April 1840 at Osaka, one of the distinguished lady painters and educators; founder and proprietor of the Atomi Girls' School. — p. 233 ([scan leaf 262](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n262/mode/1up))

**Azegami, Baisen** b. July 1825, in Shinano; was the chief abbot of the Sojiji Temple. headquarters of the Sodo sect. — p. 233 ([scan leaf 262](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n262/mode/1up))

**Chinda, Stemi** Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs, b. at Hirosaki 1856; graduated an American University 1881; appointed a clerk of the Foreign Office '85, had charge of the Telegraph Section in the same office; appointed Consul at San Francisco '90; removed to the Consulate at Ninsen; the Consul-Generalship at Shanghai '95; Minister Resident at Brazil, next at the Hague '99-1900; Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary at St. Petersburg 1900; recalled in 1901 to help Baron Komura as his immediate subordinate. — p. 233 ([scan leaf 262](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n262/mode/1up))

**Ebara, Soroku** M. P., educationalist, a leader of the Constitutionalist Party, b. at Tokyo in Jan., 1842; Secretary of the Prefecture of Shizuoka, '70; but chiefly known in connection with subsequent non-official career; has sat several times in the House where he now represents Tokyo. He is Director of the Azabu Middle School, Mem. of the Higher Education Council and is a devout Christian. — p. 233 ([scan leaf 262](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n262/mode/1up))

**Ebina, Danjo** b. at Kumamoto, Oct. 1856; one of the most noted Christian ministers and is at present engaged in evangelical work at Tokyo. Was once a School Principal at several places. — p. 233 ([scan leaf 262](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n262/mode/1up))

**Enomoto, Buyo** Viscount (cr. 1884), Vice-Admiral (retired), b. Aug. 25th, 1836 at Tokyo; was a pioneer naval officer sent for study to Holland by the Tokugawa Government; returned home in 1866 on board the corvette Kanyo Maru built at Amsterdam to the order of that Government. At the outbreak of the civil war of the Restoration he at the head of that vessel and others fled to Hakodate where for several months he with Otori (now Baron) successfully withstood the attack of the Imperial army. Surrendered at the earnest remonstrance of the leader of the Imperial Army and was released after the imprisonment of a year or two, to be at once appointed to an important Government post in Hokkaido. In 1874 he was dispatched to St. Petersburg to conclude the treaty of exchanging Saghalien with the Kuriles; was Minister at Peking in 1882, and sat in almost every Ministerial chair with the exception of that of Army, Finance and Justice. — p. 233 ([scan leaf 262](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n262/mode/1up))

**Fukuchi, Gen-ichiro** M. P., journalist, dramatist, b. at Nagasaki, March 1841; was spoiled by premature success, having been employed before he reached majority in an important post with a large salary, for being a native of Nagasaki he was early initiated in Occidental learning, Dutch at that time. He left Government service before he had attained any distinguished position; was elected chairman of the Tokyo City Council where his brilliant debate with the late Mr. Fukuzawa drew great public attention; was for several years editor of the Nichi Nichi when it was a Government organ of the day. Subsequently he gave up journalism and became a playwright attached to the Kubukiza; found drama a poor staff to lean upon when Danjuro and Kikugoro died one after another in quick succession, and at the declining age he was obliged to return to politics, having been elected M.P. in 1903 from Tokyo. He wrote a large number of plays, novels, etc. — p. 233 ([scan leaf 262](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n262/mode/1up))

**Fukuba, Viscount** (cr. 1884), formerly a retainer of a small fief in Iwami, b. in July 1831; member of the House of Peers, and a high authority on native poetry. — p. 233 ([scan leaf 262](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n262/mode/1up))

**Fukuoka, Viscount** (cr. 1884), a Member of the Privy Council, b. in Tosa, Feb. 1835; after the Restoration of '67, entered civil service and became Minister of Education '81-'82. He was appointed in '88 to the present post. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Fukushima, Yasumasa** Major-General, b. in Shinano, Sept. 1853; entered military service; Lieutenant '78; Captain '83; Military Attaché of Japanese Legation at Peking '83; afterward at Berlin '87-'92; Major '88; was welcomed by the populace almost as a triumphant hero when in June 1893 he returned home successfully after travelling through Siberia on horseback. He was promoted Major-General in 1900, and acquired international fame as Commander of the Japanese contingent on the occasion of the Boxer trouble, was knighted by King Edward. He is now a right-hand man of Marshal Oyama. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Fukuzawa, Sutejiro** born at Tokyo 1863, the second son of the late celebrated Fukuzawa, one of the greatest educationalist of modern Japan; was together with his elder brother Mr. Ichitaro Fukuzawa, sent to America for prosecution of study in '83, and they both entered Yale Univ., the younger Fukuzawa to pursue engineering and the elder literature. They both returned home in '90, and Mr. Sutejiro has since been managing the Jiji and also its latest offshoot just started at Osaka, viz., the Osaka Jiji. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Fujioka, Ichisuke** Dr., Kogaku-hakushi, b. in Choshu, Feb. 1856; grad. Tokyo Engineering College, '81; was appointed its Professor from '84 to '86 when he retired to start electric business. In 1893 he was appointed chief electrician to the Tokyo Electric Light Co., and is a founder of the Tokyo Street Railway Co. being at present its chief engineer. He is a pioneer electric engineer of Japan. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Fujinami, Viscount** (cr. 1884), b. at Kyoto, Sept. 1853; Chamberlain to H.I. Majesty from childhood; and since '89, Superintendent of the Imperial Mews; is a promoter of the Nippon Railway Company. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Fujita, Denzaburo** one of the new-made millionaires, b. in Choshu, Mav 1841; promoted the Sanyo Railway Co., and started in Osaka the Fujita Firm to undertake contract business with the Government besides undertaking mining and engineering works. The reclamation work which he started at the foreshore of Kojima, Okayama-ken, is now nearing completion, and hundreds of acres will then be added to his estate. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Fujita, Shiro** Member of the House of Peers, b. at Tokyo, June 1861; attaché of Japanese Legation in Vienna '86, then in Berlin; afterwards Private Secretary to the Minister of Communication and of Agriculture and Commerce, &c.; Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce '98; now President of the Kyoto Silk Spinning Co. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Fujisawa, Rikitaro** Dr., Rigaku-hakushi, Prof. of Science of Tokyo University, b. in Echigo, Sept. 1861; pursued his special study, that of mathematics, in England and Germany '83-'87. He has written several works on Mathematics. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Funakoshi, Mamoru** Baron (cr. 1900), M. of the House of Peers, b. at Hiroshima, June 1840; since '68, entered civil service; appointed Secretary of the Home Office; then filled successively the Governorship Chiba, Ishikawa, and of Miyagi, &c.; nominated to Member of the House of Peers '94. — p. 234 ([scan leaf 263](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n263/mode/1up))

**Furuichi, Koi** Dr., Kogaku-hakushi, President of the Seoul-Fusan Rly. Co., Member of the House of Peers, was born at Mimeji in July, 1854; pursued his engineering study in France '75-'80; filled the posts of the Directorship of the Public Works Bureau, Home Office; Vice-Minister of Communications, and Director-General of the Government Railways, the last post resigned in 1903 in order to take up the present post. He is one of the best amateur no singers and actors. — p. 235 ([scan leaf 264](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n264/mode/1up))

**Ga, Reishi** Member of the House of Peers since 1891, b. at Nagasaki in July 1840; a pioneer scholar of Dutch; held several important posts in the Government service. — p. 235 ([scan leaf 264](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n264/mode/1up))

**Go, Junzo** Baron (cr. 1900), Member of the House of Peers since 1890, b. in Mino, April 1825; entered the civil service in the Finance Departmeut in '68; Director of the of the Bureau of National Debt, '76; afterwards Secretary of Finance Department; Vice-Minister of Finance, '86, from which he retired in '88. — p. 235 ([scan leaf 264](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n264/mode/1up))

**Goto, Shimpei** a Dr. Jameson of Japan, in career and perhaps in ability, being now practically the "Premier" of our new territory Formosa. He was born 1856 in Iwate-ken, a nephew of the celebrated patriot Takano who was persecuted to death by the Tokugawa Government a little before the Restoration. Born in a medical family he studied medicine both in Japan and Germany; was chief of the Nagoya Hospital and treated Count Itagaki when he was wounded at the would-be assassin's hand at Gifu. Subsequently appointed junior Director of the Sanitary Bureau, Home Office; was arrested on charge of implicity in the notorious Soma scandal but was acquitted a few months afterward on the ground that he himself was victim of the notorious author of that scandal, Nishigori, a petty Caglistro who by taking advantage of the chivalrous disposition of Goto successfully appealed into his favor and patronage by false representation of that exaggerated case. Goto got appointment as Sanitary Commissioner at the time of the Japan-China War, on the conclusion of which he re-entered the Sanitary Bureau as its director. In '97 he was singled out by the new Governor-General of Formosa, Baron Kodama, as Director of the Civil Administration Bureau; since then he has continued to occupy that post and his subsequent career is identified with the growth and progress of that new dominion of Japan. — p. 235 ([scan leaf 264](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n264/mode/1up))

**Hachisuka, Shigeakira** Marq., (cr. 1884; formerly Daimyo of Tokushima), a Privy Councillor, b. in Aug. 8th, 1846; represented Japan in France about '81; was appointed President of the House of Peers '91-'96; Minister of Education Sept. '96-Nov. '97; was appointed to the Privy Councillorship the following year. — p. 235 ([scan leaf 264](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n264/mode/1up))

**Hamada, Gentatsu** Dr., Igaku-hakushi, b. Nov. 1854 in Kumamoto-ken; studied medicine in Germany '85-'88; Professor of Medical Course of the Tokyo Univ. '89-1900; is an acknowledged authority both theoretical and practical on women's diseases, and is the chief and proprietor of the Hamada Hospital for women's diseases. — p. 235 ([scan leaf 264](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n264/mode/1up))

**Hamao, Arata** Member of the House of Peers, b. in Tajima, Apr. 1849; Councillor of the Department of Education '78; Vice-President of Tokyo University in '84; Director of the Special Education Bureau '88; President of Tokyo Imperial University '93-'97; Minister of Education from Nov. to Dec. of 1897; was granted the honorary title of LLD. from Harvard University. — p. 235 ([scan leaf 264](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n264/mode/1up))

**Hanabusa, Baron** (cr. 1896), Vice-Minister of the Imperial Household Department, Vice-President of the Japan Red Cross Society, etc., b. at Okayama in Jan. 1842; Secretary for Foreign Affairs '70; Charge'd Affairs at Seoul, '76-'77; promoted to Minister Resident, '80-'81, and narrowly escaped being killed by the anti-Japanese Korean mob that rose at Seoul in '82 and attacked the Japanese Legation; was promoted to Minister at St. Petersburg, '83-'86; Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce '87-'88, and then transferred to the Imperial Household as its chief auditor. — p. 236 ([scan leaf 265](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n265/mode/1up))

**Hara, Kei** M.P., a leader of the Constitutionalist Party, b. 1854, at Morioka; is a public man who enjoyed a great confidence from the late Count Mutsu under whom he served as personal secretary '90-'92 when the statesman was Minister of Ag'ture and Com'erce; followed his chief to the Foreign Office as Director of the Com'cial Bureau, to be promoted to Vice-Minister of the Dep't '95 and transferred to Minister to Korea '96. He resigned the post the following year and for somewhile took to journalism as chief editor of the Osaka Mainichi, and was one of the right-hand men of Marquis Ito when he raised the banner of the Seiyukai 1900, to fill as the late Hoshi's successor the chair of the Ministry of Communications from Dec. '90 to May the following year. Is a M.P. from Iwate prefecture from 1902. — p. 236 ([scan leaf 265](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n265/mode/1up))

**Hara, Rokuro** b. in Tajima in 1844 and played some distinguished part at the time of the Restoration; entered business and founded with a few others the One Hundred Bank and has been instrumented in pushing it to the present flourishing condition; filled the post of President of the Yokohama Specie Bank from '83 to '90; is acknowledged as a power in business circles. — p. 236 ([scan leaf 265](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n265/mode/1up))

**Hara, Ryota** Kogaku-hakushi, b. at Fukuoka, Oct. 1854; graduated the Engineering Course of the Tokyo University in 1881; has taken charge of the building several bridges in Tokyo and also supervised its Water-works; is a Professor of his almamater as additional duty, his principal duty being Engineer of the City of Tokyo. — p. 236 ([scan leaf 265](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n265/mode/1up))

**Hara, Yoshimichi** lawyer, b. in Shinano, Feb. 1867; graduated the Tokyo University in '89; appointed Councillor of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce in '90; afterwards appointed Chief of the Tokyo Mine Inspection Office and that of Osaka. Left Government service in '93 and has since been practising law. He is reputed as being one of the most if not the most, level-headed barrister of the Tokyo Bar. — p. 236 ([scan leaf 265](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n265/mode/1up))

**Haseba, Sumitaka** M.P., a leader of the Constitutionalist Party, b. April 1854 in Satsuma; joined the Saigo's army in the Civil War of 1877 and was imprisoned after its settlement. Was for a long while an administrative official in a district of Kagoshima and is one of the very few M.P.s who sit in the House from its advent in 1900. He was appointed chief councillor of the Home Office in the 4th Ito Cabinet. — p. 236 ([scan leaf 265](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n265/mode/1up))

**Hasegawa** General, Baron, (cr. 1895), b. in Suwo, Aug. 1850; Major '72; Colonel '78; Major-General '86; Lieut.-General '96; General in June 1904. He commanded a Brigade in the Japan-China War and took a distinguished part in the battles of Port Arthur and Wei-hai-wei. In the present War he commanded the Imp. Guards Division under Gen. Kuroki and let it to success and honor of the Yalu and that of Liaoyang. He was then transferred to a highly important post of the Commander-in-Chief of the Korean Garrison. — p. 236 ([scan leaf 265](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n265/mode/1up))

**Hasegawa, Yoshinosuke** Kogaku-hakushi, b. in Hizen, Dec. 1855; studied mining in U.S.A. and Germany from '75 to '80; engaged by the Mitsubishi Firm to take charge of its mining dep't. It was through his ingenious plan that the work of Yoshioka Copper Mine with which the firm was at a loss what to do has been made highly profitable. He has subsequently left the firm to start business on his own account, he owning two or three coal-mines in Kyushu. In 1902 he sat for a short while in the House of Representatives. — p. 237 ([scan leaf 266](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n266/mode/1up))

**Hashimoto, Gaho** one of the most celebrated contemporary painters of the Japanese style, b. at Tokyo in 1835; was Professor of the Gov. Fine Art Institute at Uyeno, from which he with its President Mr. Okakura and several other members of the faculty severed connection in 1899 and set up the Nippon Fine Art Institute at Yanaka. Gaho's merit lies in landscapes. — p. 237 ([scan leaf 266](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n266/mode/1up))

**Hashimoto, Tsunatsune** Dr., Baron, Igaku-hakushi, b at Fukui, June 1845; brother of the celebrated loyalist, Sanai Hashimoto, who distinguished himself in upholding the cause of the Imperial House before the Restoration and put to death on that account by the Tokugawa Regency. The Doctor studied medicine in Germany 1872-'77 and was appointed an Army Surgeon soon after his return; was promoted to Surgeon-General of the Medical Dep't about 1885, from which he resigned two years later to devote himself to the Red Cross work, undertaking the responsible post of the Chief of the Red Cross Hospital; was nominated member of the House of Peers in 1890, but resigned it next year. He is a physician-in-waiting to the Court and is regarded as the highest practitioner in internal troubles. — p. 237 ([scan leaf 266](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n266/mode/1up))

**Hatano, Yoshinao** Minister of Justice, b. in Hizen, Oct. 1850; entered the Department of Justice, '71; Councillor '87; Secretary '88; afterwards President of the Kyoto Local Court and Jndge of the Supreme Court &c.; Vice-Minister of Justice in '99; appointed to the present exalted post in Sept. '03. — p. 237 ([scan leaf 266](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n266/mode/1up))

**Hatoyama, Kazuo** Dr., LLD. (Yale), Hogaku-hakushi, M.P., a leader of Progressive Party, and lawyer, born in Tokyo, April 1856; grad. Yale University class '79; Professor of Law of Tokyo University '79-'88; Director of the Bureau of Investigation (abolished afterwards) of the Department of Foreign Affairs from 1885 to '88. Since '9[illegible] he has been sitting in the House of Representatives for Tokyo, and was appointed its President twice. He was appointed Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Okuma-Itagaki Ministry '98. In 1901, he was granted LLD. from Yale Univ. Since '90, he has filled the chair of President of Waseda University. — p. 237 ([scan leaf 266](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n266/mode/1up))

**Hayakawa, Tetzuya** b. May 1865 at Okayama; entered the diplomatic service '85 and attached to the Imperial Legation at Seoul until '88; afterward removed to the Consulate at San Francisco, then attaché to the Imperial Legation at Berlin '89-'92; Private Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce '92-'97. Was appointed Minister Resident '97-'98; Secretary of the Cabinet '98; then Director of the Political Bureau of Foreign Office in the Okuma Cabinet whose reform programme he had undertaken. — p. 237 ([scan leaf 266](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n266/mode/1up))

**Hayakawa, Senkichiro** General Manager of the Mitsui Bank, b. at Kanazawa, June 1863; grad. Law Course of the Imperial Tokyo University 1887; Councillor of the Department of Finance '91-1900, which post he resigned to enter the Mitsui Bank. — p. 238 ([scan leaf 267](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n267/mode/1up))

**Hayashi, Gonsuke** Minister at Seoul, b. at Aizu '60; grad. Law Course at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '87; appointed attaché of the Foreign Office in the same year; eleve Consul at Chefoo '87, at Ninsen '88, promoted full Consul '90, Consul at Shanghai '92, removed to a similar post at London '93 where he was appointed six years later Secretary of the Legation. Recalled home he was appointed Director of the Commercial Bureau '98, and to Minister at Seoul the following year. Mr. Hayashi is a man of strong will and great resolution. — p. 238 ([scan leaf 267](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n267/mode/1up))

**Hayashi, Tadasu** Viscount, (cr. 1902), Minister accredited to the Court of St. James, b. at Tokyo in Feb. 1850; was a captain under Enomoto (now Vis. Adm.) when he raised the banner of rebellion at Hakodate; begun civil service in '71, mostly in the Foreign Office where we found him as Vice-Minister June '91-May '96 under the late Count Mutsu; was transferred to Minister Plenipotentiary Envoy Extraordinary at Peking '96, then at St. Petersburg '98; to be removed a few months afterward to the Court of St. James which post he continues to occupy with credit. In 1895 he was created Baron, and in 1902 was promoted Viscount in consideration of his service about the conclusion of the Treaty of the Anglo-Japanese alliance. Was Jap. Delegate at the Peace Conference held at the Hague '99. — p. 238 ([scan leaf 267](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n267/mode/1up))

**Hayashi, Tomoyuki** Viscount, (cr. 1887), b. in Choshu, Feb. 1823; Governor of Tokyo early in the era; Member of the Privy Council. Chiefly known in association of his service in the bringing up of the two Imperial Princesses, Fumi and Yasu. — p. 238 ([scan leaf 267](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n267/mode/1up))

**Hayashi, Yuzo** M.P., one of the leading politicians and party managers, b. in Tosa, Aug. 1842; Councillor for Kochi-ken '69; Secretary of the Department for Foreign Affairs '73-'74; then entered the political career and as a lieutenant of Count Itagaki he fought for liberty and popular right; was thrown in prison for ten years on charge of complicity in the Satsuma rebellion. He is one of those few politicians who have sat in the House of Representatives since its inauguration in 1890. He sat twice in the Cabinet, first in the chair of Communnications in the Okuma-Itagaki Cabinet 1898 and that of Agriculture and Commerce in the Seiyukwai (4th Ito) Ministry. In 1903 he seceded from the Seiyukai and organized the "Liberal Party" as ministerial supporters, it was believed; but the party was dissolved in Feb. 1905. Though a capable and resourceful politician he is regarded to be somewhat unscrupulous. — p. 238 ([scan leaf 267](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n267/mode/1up))

**Higashikuze, Michiyoshi** Count, (cr. 1887), Vice-President of the Privy Council since 1891, b. in Kyoto in Nov. 1833; one of the prominent figures as supporters of the Imperial cause in the troubled time preceding the Restoration; was given an important post on the advent of the Imperial Government, as Sangi, the Chief of Hokkaido Colonization Board, etc.; was appointed Vice-President of the House of Peers '90-'91. He is a charming poetaster. — p. 238 ([scan leaf 267](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n267/mode/1up))

**Hijikata, Hisamoto** Count, (cr. 1895), b. in Tosa, October, 1833; distinguished himself in promoting the cause of the Restoration; was appointed Secretary of the Imp. Household soon after that memorable event of '68; Chief-Secretary of Count Ito's (now Marquis) Cabinet in '85; Minister of Agriculture and Commerce July '87-Sept. '87, and Minister of the Imperial Household from September, '87 to November '98. — p. 238 ([scan leaf 267](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n267/mode/1up))

**Hirai, Seijiro** Kogaku-hakushi, Dir.-Gen. of Gov. Rlys., b. '55 at Kanazawa. Was despatched by Gov. to study civil eng. at Troy, U.S.A. '75, and grad. '77. Stayed in America some years after to study prac. side. Was engaged Rly. Eng. by Hok. Gov. on his return '80, then chief Eng. of Tanko Rly. '94, when he entered Gov. Rly's in which he steadily rose till he was appointed to the present post '04. — p. 239 ([scan leaf 268](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n268/mode/1up))

**Hirata, Tosuke** Baron, (cr. '02), M. of the H. of Peers, b. March 1849 in Yamagata-ken, filled various posts in civil office since '70, attaining ministrial rank of Minister of Agriculture and Commerce June 1901-July '03. Is a trusted follower of Marshal Marquis Yamagata. — p. 239 ([scan leaf 268](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n268/mode/1up))

**Hiromi, Jisaburo** Member of the House of Peers, prominent merchant of Osaka, b. in Kaga, Nov. 1854; promoted the Japan Marine Insurance Co. and appointed its President, and is one of the largest shipowners in Japan. Was elected '04 to the present post for Osaka prefecture. — p. 239 ([scan leaf 268](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n268/mode/1up))

**Honda, Yo-ichi** President of Tokyo Aoyama Gakuin (a Christian College), a leading educationalist and Christian evangelist in Japan, born Dec. 1848 at Hirosaki; was converted into a Christian when he was 24. He bade adieu '83 to politics to devote himself to Christian work to which he attends with rare constancy. He visited Europe and America a number of times either for prosecution of studies or to attend an international Christian association as representative of Japan. He attended the World's Y.M.C.A. union held at France this year. — p. 239 ([scan leaf 268](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n268/mode/1up))

**Hosokawa, Junjiro** Baron, (cr. 190[illegible]), a scholar of great erudition, b. in Tosa, Feb. 1834; has been Privy Counciller since '93; Vice-President of the House of Peers '91-'93; is the President of the Peers' Girls School, and Chief of the Secretariate Bureau of the Imp. Household; wrote a number of works of high literary merit. — p. 239 ([scan leaf 268](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n268/mode/1up))

**Hozumi, Nobushige** Hogaku-hakushi, Professor of Law at the Imperial Tokyo University, b. in Iyo, July 1855; grad. Middle Temple, England, '76; afterwards studied at Berlin University '81; Member of the House of Peers '90-'92, which post he resigned to devote himself to investigation and study. Among his works the "Codes," the "Inkyo" (retirement from active life by transferring the right of family head to the heir), the "Go-nin-gumi" (system of mutual help among neighbors) may be mentioned. — p. 239 ([scan leaf 268](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n268/mode/1up))

**Hozumi, Yatsuka** Hogaku-hakushi, brother of the above, born in Iyo, Feb. 1860; pursued science of constitution and administrative politics in Germany from '84 to '88; is the Professor in his special line at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. from '89, also Secretary of the Privy Council from '91; was appointed Member of the House of Peers in '99. — p. 239 ([scan leaf 268](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n268/mode/1up))

**Ichihara, Morihiro** Mayor of Yokohama, b. at Kumamoto, April 1858; graduated the late Dr. Niejima's school at Kyoto, Doshi-sha, and for several years devoted himself to propagating Christianity; entered the Bank of Japan about ten years ago, then Baron Shibuzawa's Bank, the 1st Bank, and was appointed Manager of the Bank's Yokohama branch which post he resigned to be elected Mayor of Yokohama, 1902. — p. 239 ([scan leaf 268](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n268/mode/1up))

**Ichiji, Kosuke** Major-General (Artillery), b. Nov. 1854 in Satsuma; entered Army in '71, appointed a member of the General Staff; was on the Staff of General Oyama in the Japan-China War of '94-'95; afterward Military Attaché to the Japanese Legation at London and Seoul; distinguished himself in the present War as chief staff officer under Gen. Nogi. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Ichiki, Kitokuro** Hogaku-hakushi, Prof. of Law at the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. at Shizuoka, Apr. 1865; pursued study of the science of constitution, administrative politics, etc. in Germany '90-'93; Chief Councillor of the Home Office, Professor of the Tokyo University '94; Director of the Legislative Bureau since 1902. He was nominated Member of the House of Peers in 1900. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Iejima, Kai** Rigaku-hakushi, b. at Hamamatsu, June 1861; studied biology at Leipsic 1882-'86; is a Professor of the Tokyo Imperial Univ. since 1886. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Iimori, Teizo** b. in Saga, Aug. 1851; studied physics in Germany 1884-'87; is a Prof. of the Female Higher Normal School. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Ikebe, Kichitaro** journalist and chief editor of the Tokyo Asahi, was born at Kumamoto 1861. He is a son of Kichijuro Ikebe, who joined at the head of the Higo contingent the rebellion raised by the elder Saigo's followers in 1877 and who was made prisoner and executed. The young Ikebe pursued study for several years in France and soon after his return home about 1987 he entered journalism, and for several years stayed in North-China as special correspondent of the Osaka Asahi. He is reputed as being one of the most well-read and sensible journalists in Japan, & as a man of wide views and strong common sense. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Ikeda, Keysai** Dr., Baron, (cr. 1899), b. Nov. 1841 in Echigo; pursued his medical study in Germany '70-'76; appointed Surgeon-Colonel in '76; chief physician-in-ordinary at the Court. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Ikeda, Kenzo** banker, b. in Tajima, Dec. 1856; Managing Director of the "Dai Hyaku Ginko" (One Hundredth Bank) since '83; chairman of the Japan Commercial Association; reputed as being one of the most wide-awake business-men. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Inagaki, Manjiro** Minister Resident at Bangkok, b. at Hirado '61; entered the Tokyo Univ. '82 which he did not graduate; entered Cambridge, England '86 and obtained the degree of B. A. '89. For a year or two after his return he was lecturer of the Noble's School and the Tokyo Higher Commercial School, then began his lecture-tours through principal districts, "preaching" on the catchy subject, the "Oriental Policy." At last his breezy talks bore fruit and in '97 succeeded in prevailing upon Count Matsukata, Premier at that time, to appoint him a Minister Resident accredited at Bangkok, and this post he still holds amidst all the changes that have taken place in the home Government. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Inouye, Kakugoro** M.P., b. in Hiroshima, Oct. 1859; started a paper at Seoul and was appointed adviser to the Korean Government in 1884; gallantly cut his way when in that year the Japanese Legation was assaulted by the Korean mob. Since 1890 he has represented Hiroshima-ken in the House of Representatives, where his sarcastic eloquence attracts wide attention. He is the Managing Director of the Hokkaido Coal Railway Co. and Vice-President of the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce. — p. 240 ([scan leaf 269](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n269/mode/1up))

**Inouye, Kaoru, Count** (cr. 1884), one of the elder statesmen, was b. Nov. 28th, 1835 in Choshu. He played a distinguished part when in 1863 the clan of Choshu defended itself against the attack of the overwhelming host of the Tokugawa. How he in company with his bosom friend Marquis Ito secretly visited England in 1864; how they returned in a hurry on learning that the allied Squadron of the Powers was going to bombard Shimonoseki—these are now matters of history. He and Ito were regarded as renegades by the fellow clansmen who blessed by ignorance of the state of affairs in outside world scorned at the idea of opening country to hold intercourse with the "red-haird Barbarians." Inouye was waylaid by a set of these men, was terribly wounded and narrowly escaped death. Soon after the consummation of the Restoration, the future Count was appointed Vice-Minister of Finance which he resigned for a short while in 1873, soon to re-enter the Government service. This resumption is memorable in association with the Osaka meeting in '75 of the late Kido and Okubo and Count Itagaki and some other notables who at the instance and intercession of the subject of the sketch were brought together after separation of some while, Kido and Itagaki having previously resigned office. As a result of this meeting the resigned Ministers were induced to re-enter the Government service. Next year Inouye as Vice-Plenipotentiary was dispatched with the late Count Kuroda, Chief Plenipotentiary, to Korea to negotiate with that Government about the wanton firing on our warship by the Korean fort when she called at Kokwa island to get supply of water. Subsequently down to 1898 when he made up his mind to retire from active life, he occupied the chairs of the Home Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Finance, and Agriculture and Commerce. When Marquis Ito, then Premier, met with an accident and was confined in bed for several weeks while Parliament was sitting, the Count, then Minister of Home Affairs, was appointed acting Premier. That is the heighest post he has attained. In fact the Count is reputed to be a bit too narrow in views to qualify him for the Premiership. Some say that he is too particular in matters of detail, too officious and too exacting. That may account why he possesses so little followers, quite insignificant as compared with those under the other senior statesmen. As if to compensate for this paucity of personal followers, the Count seems to be highly gifted in business talent, he being reputed as one of the richest if not the richest among the elder statesmen. It is owing to that natural propensity that the Count takes unusual pains to keep himself in good terms with the Mitsui and other millionaire families? His experience as a diplomat, i.e., especially as Minister to Korea and Adviser to the Court sent soon after the close of the Japan-China War, ended in utter failure, chiefly because his officious interference even in minute affairs repelled instead of attracting the confidence of the Court. He is even said to have been outwitted by the wily Queen who had to suffer death by assassins' swords several months after. On the outbreak of the War the Count with the other elder statesmen was ordered to attend all important councils and especially to render advice to the Minister of Finance. He has no male issue, all his children being girls. The eldest is the wife of Hon. Inouye, Japanese Representative at Berlin, who is the Count's adopted heir, the second is the wife of Senator Tsutsuki, Chief Secretary of the Privy Council and Member of the House of Peers, and the third the wife of Mr. Fujita, Member of the House of Peers. — p. 241 ([scan leaf 270](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n270/mode/1up))

**Inouye, Katsu, Viscount** (cr. 1887), Member of the House of Peers, was born Aug. 1843 in Choshu; held for many years the post of Director-General of Government Railways, which he resigned in 1887; lost greater part of his fortune through failure of the Oriental Bank, Yokohama; has been engaged in rolling-stock business since his retirement from Government service. — p. 242 ([scan leaf 271](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n271/mode/1up))

**Inouye, Katsunosuke** Japanese Minister at Berlin, b. in Choshu, July 1860; was on the service of the Nippon Ginko before he got appointment at the Foreign Office in '85, to be sent to Berlin the following year as secretary of our Legation there. Was back to the Foreign Office as secretary and councillor '92, and in '98 he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. (Vide "Count Inouye.") — p. 242 ([scan leaf 271](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n271/mode/1up))

**Inouye, Tetsujiro** Bungaku-hakushi, b. in Fukuoka-ken, Dec. 1855; pursued philosophical study in Germany and France from 1884 to '90; the Dean and Professor College of Literature of the Imperial Tokyo Univ. since '90. Among his numerous works may be mentioned the Life of Buddha, the Oriental Philosophy, etc. — p. 242 ([scan leaf 271](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n271/mode/1up))

**Inouye, Yoshika, Admiral Baron** (cr. 1887), b. November 1845 in Satsuma; Captain 1882; Vice-Admiral '92; Admiral '98; Commander-in-Chief of the Yokosuka Admiralty. — p. 242 ([scan leaf 271](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n271/mode/1up))

**Inukai, Ki** M.P., a leader of the Progressive Party, born at Okayama, April 1855; early began political career; was editor of the "Hochi Shimbun" till the opening of the National Diet 1890, when his Parliamentary career began, he continuing to sit in the Lower House in every session, and distinguishing himself by his incisive eloquence and great power of political manœuver. On the occasion of the Okuma-Itagaki Cabinet he occupied the chair of the Ministry of Education for a short while. — p. 242 ([scan leaf 271](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n271/mode/1up))

**Irisawa, Tatsukichi, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, was b. in Echigo; grad. Berlin Univ. in '94; since '95 Professor of the Medical College, the Imp. Tokyo Univ.; also attends to his additional function as physician-in-ordinary to the Court. — p. 242 ([scan leaf 271](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n271/mode/1up))

**Ishiguro, Isoji** Kogaku-hakushi, was b. at Kanazawa, June 1855; studied engineering in England 1879-'83; was appointed engineer of the Navy '86 to supervise the construction of a dockyard; also he took part of the work of laying the water-works of Tokyo; at present has charge of the Building Section of the Navy. — p. 242 ([scan leaf 271](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n271/mode/1up))

**Ishiguro, Tadama, Baron** (cr. 1895), Surgeon-General (retired), b. Feb. 11th, 1845 in Echigo; Chief Surgeon of the Osaka Military Hospital on the occasion of the Civil War of Kagoshima in 1877; promoted to Surgeon-Col. next year and to Surgeon-Gen. in 1890, which latter post he resigned in 1896 "to open the road of promotion to young talents," as he expressed it on that occasion. Since that time he has devoted himself to Red Cross work, he being a chief promoter of this benevolent association, having represented it in the international convention that was held in Germany in 1890. Was nominated Member of the House of Peers in 1902. He widely enjoys the reputation of being an "all-round-man" and shares the honor with Marshal Oyama as the most distinguished pock-marked men of the time. — p. 242 ([scan leaf 271](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n271/mode/1up))

**Ishikawa, Chiyomatsu** Rigaku-hakushi, was b. Jan. 1860, in Ehime; studied biology in Germany 1886-'89; has been Professor of Zoology in the Agriculture College of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. Wrote Protected Birds; Popular Evolutionist, etc. — p. 243 ([scan leaf 272](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n272/mode/1up))

**Ishimoto, Shinroku** Vice-Minister of War, b. in Jan. 1854; Major-Gen. '98; Lieut.-Gen. in 1904; was for many years Director of the Tokyo Arsenal from which he was transferred to the present post in 1903. — p. 243 ([scan leaf 272](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n272/mode/1up))

**Ishiwataru, Bin-ichi** Hogaku-hakushi, Vice-Minister of Justice, b. at Tokyo in Nov. 1859; studied law in Germany '86-'90; Judge of Tokyo Local Court; Councillor of the Department of Justice; Public Procurator of Tokyo Appeal Court; Lecturer of Law at the Imp. Tokyo University; Director of the Civil and Criminal Bureau, and promoted to the Vice-Minister of Justice in Sept., 1903. — p. 243 ([scan leaf 272](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n272/mode/1up))

**Ishizuka, Yeizo** b. at Aizu, July 1856; appointed Legal Adviser in '85 to the Korean Government for a time; held the post of Chief Councillor for the Governor-General of Formosa from 1898 and has just been transferred to Governor of the Occupied Districts in Manchuria. — p. 243 ([scan leaf 272](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n272/mode/1up))

**Ishuin, Goro** Vice-Admiral, and Vice-Chief of the Naval Staff, b. Sept. 1852 in Satsuma; entered Navy '71, studied in England and Germany; member of the Naval Staff as a Captain during the Japan-China War; promoted Vice-Admiral 1903. For several years he was attaché to the Legation at London, and it was while staying there that he conceived an idea of inventing a new fuse, That idea was definitely embodied in the Ijuin fuse adopted by the Imperial fleet. — p. 243 ([scan leaf 272](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n272/mode/1up))

**Itagaki, Taisuke, Count** (cr. 1887), b. April 17th, 1837 in Tosa; for a long while was a prominent figure in political field from which he has retired. The Count surpasses most of his distinguished contemporaries, as Marquis Ito and others, in respect of the service rendered to the cause of the Restoration. He led a division of the Imperial Army on that occasion and was acknowledged as one of the best strategists of that time. His service was duly rewarded on the inauguration of the Imperial Government which appointed him a sangi corresponding in rank to the present Cabinet Minister. When in 1873 a violent Ministerial split took place over the famous Korean question, the subject of the sketch sided with the elder Saigo, champion of the war party, and resigned with him when their opinion was outvoted. For several years afterward he lived in his native place of Tosa devoting himself to the work of disseminating the idea of freedom among his adoring fellow provincials. The result was Tosa was soon converted into the most democratic province in the whole country, and it enjoyed the honored title of being the nursery of freedom in Japan. For about ten years he thus remained in Tosa, acknowledged as leader by all the politicians throughout the country who were thirsting for popular government. In 1881 he started the democratic movement of urging the Government to establish a representative government, exacting from the latter a solemn promise that the Parliamentary system would be inaugurated ten years hence. The Liberal party was organized at that time. It was thenthat the Count, while on political tour, was stabbed, fortunately not fatally, by a young reactionary, and his exclamation uttered on that moment, "Itagaki may die but freedom never!" rang throughout the country. A few months after, in '82, he with the late Count Goto travelled through Europe and America. The Count's subsequent career is practically embodied in the progress of his party, that is the Liberals. Suffice it to state here that after the control of his party was handed over to Marquis Ito and the Liberals were dissolved to form part of that statesman's "model party," the Count kept aloof as much as possible from active politics, confining himself chiefly to social affairs with the principal object of bettering the condition of the poor. Age no longer admits him to take so active a part as he did before. The Count is a man of great sincerity and strict rectitude, but he is believed to lack breadth of views to qualify him as successful party leader. — p. 243 ([scan leaf 272](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n272/mode/1up))

**Ito, Hirobumi, Marquis** (cr. Count '84, granted Marquisate '95), President of the Privy Council, holder of the Grand Cordon, was b. Sept. 2nd, 1841, an only child of a petty clansman of the Lord of Choshu, & is a statesman whose name is more widely known abroad than any other living Japanese. The mention of his name at once conjures up in our mind the figure of a statesman of enlightened views and progressive ideas with marvellous capacity to adapt himself to new circumstances and equally marvellous resources which enable him to be equal to almost any occasion. Withal he is endowed with strong constitution and great vigor of mind which remains fresh even with only a few hours sleep. So lavish as Nature is for him, she can not endow him with contrary qualities, and it may not therefore surprise people when we say that tenacity, firmness, and concentration are conspicuous more by absence than by presence in the mental qualifications of this distinguished statesman. At any rate, though with no military achievement to boast of, as were most of the notables of that time, the young Ito soon made himself conspicuous by his uncommon talent among his seniors, and was singled out as the most trusted lieutenant by the late Kido, the leader of the Choshu clan of these early days. On the inauguration of the Imperial Government he was appointed Governor of Hyogo; then a junior Vice-Minister of State and when in 1871 Japan dispatched Lord Iwakura as special embassy to approach the Powers to open negotiation for the revision of the old one-sided treaties, the subject of this sketch was appointed one of the junior Plenipotentiaries, and thus Ito revisited the West which, or more precisely, England, he first visited, as mentioned in the sketch of Count Inouye, in the capacity of a mere sailor boy several years ago. It may be noted that the Japanese Banking Regulations that were drawn up in 1872 on the American model were based on the result of investigation chiefly undertaken by the young junior Plenipotentiary. When in '77 Kido died of disease and the following year Okubo, perhaps the greatest statesman which Japan produced in modern time, fell a victim to assassins' swords, the position of Ito, who had been installed about that time in the Ministery of Public Works, began to acquire redoubled importance. The fact is the majority of Cabinet Ministers were either old courtiers who had obtained their exalted position chiefly through prestige and not particularly through their personal merit, or ex-soldiers who were ill-qualified to discharge in time of peace onerous duties of directing affairs of state. In '81 the memorable proclamation was issued solemnly announcing the inauguration of the representative system ten years hence and the following year the future Marquis with a number of trusted assistants was dispatched to Europe and America to investigate the Constitution and Parliamentary working in the two continents. He returned home the following year after having been thoroughly initiated into the subject by Gneist of Germany and Stein of Austria. In 1885 he was dispatched to China and concluded the Tientsin Agreement with the late Earl Li and defined the relative position of the two countries vis-a-vis Korea. The late Prince Sanjo resigned the Premiership in '85 and recommended Ito, created Count the preceding year, as his successor, and thus at the early age of 44 Ito was installed in this exalted position which he had to occupy no less than four times. It should be remembered that as the first step for preparing the way towards the ushering in of the Constitutional Government, the Government, at the instance of the subject of this sketch, had just completed the thorough reorganization of its internal system with the Cabinet and departments of state reframed according to the system prevailing in the civilized Powers of the West. In less than three years he resigned the Premiership to be transferred to the less onerous post of the President of the Privy Council just created at that time. It is characteristic of the Count's sagacity that in the first few years after the advent of the national legislative institution he filled the chair of President of the House of Peers. It was during his second Premiership that war broke out with China. How he negotiated at Shimonoseki with the Chinese Peace Envoy, the late Earl Li; how he began to lean in favor of party Cabinet; how he undertook to form a "model party" and as the "first step" towards affecting this great object he thought it necessary to resign Peerage rank and other honorary titles; how the backstair friction between the Ito and the Yamagata (Marshal Marquis) factions resulted in obliging the Marquis to be installed in the present post of President of the Privy Council and to sever connection with political party in order to relieve the non-party Katsura Ministry, of the Yamagata leaning, from an embarrassing position; and how the Marquis adroitly checkmated this move by taking with him the Katsura Cabinet's boss, Yamagata, into the political asylum of Privy Council—all these are matters which are too well-known to be described here at any length. It should be added that in contrast to most other statesmen of his rank, the Marquis is disinterested to a fault, and his property, so say his admirers, after all his long service to the state, amounts to next to nothing. The Marquis undertook a tour through Europe and America four or five times, once in company of Prince Arisugawa when his highness attended the Diamond Jubilee of the late Queen. Mr. Yukichi Ito, chamberlain, is the Marquis' adopted son and heir; and of his two daughters the elder is the wife of Baron Suyematsu and the younger that of Mr. Nishi, Secretary of the Legation at Vienna. The Marquis received LLD. from Yale in 1901. — p. 244 ([scan leaf 273](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n273/mode/1up))

**Ito, Miyoji, Baron** (cr. 1895), a Privy Councillor, b. May 1857 at Nagasaki; started his career in civil service from the lowest ladder, was Marquis Ito's Private Secretary to '91; then Chief Secretary of the Cabinet also under the Marquis. It was he that was chiefly instrumental in bringing the Marquis and the Liberals into an understanding. This service was rewarded by admitting him into the ministerial circle as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in 1898, and this post he had to leave in less than four months owing to the rupture between the ministry and its political supporters. Was appointed Privy Councillor in '99. On the occasion of the Japan-China War he was sent to Chefoo to exchange the signed treaty of Peace, and the service he rendered was rewarded with grant of Baron. He is reputed as being one of the shrewdest politicians of the day with great future in reserve for his still comparatively young career. — p. 246 ([scan leaf 275](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n275/mode/1up))

**Ito, Shunkichi, Baron** (cr. 1895), Vice-Admiral (retired), was b. at Maizuru, Jan. 1840; and entered the Navy in '69; Lieut.-Commander in '71; Rear-Admiral in '82; Vice-Admiral in '89; and Vice-Minister of the Navy from '89 to '99; was created a Peer in recognition of his service at the time of the Japan-China War. Nominated a Member of the House of Peers in 1899. — p. 246 ([scan leaf 275](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n275/mode/1up))

**Ito, Sukenori, Admiral, Viscount** (cr. 1895), Chief of the Naval Staff, b. in Satsuma, May 1842, early entered the Naval service; Lieutenant '71; Rear-Admiral '86; Commander of the Standing Squadron; President of the Naval Staff College; Commander-in-Chief of the Yokosuka Naval Station, &c. He was appointed Vice-Admiral and Commander-in-Chief of the united Squadron in '93, and commanded it with signal success against the enemy's fleet in the Japan-China War that broke up the following year, a success consisting no less than in annihilation. The Admiral at once sprang into fame throughout the world, and after the close of the war the Emperor fittingly rewarded him by creating him a peer with the rank of Viscount. — p. 246 ([scan leaf 275](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n275/mode/1up))

**Iwakura, Tomosada, Prince** Vice-Grand Chamberlain, Privy Councillor, and Director of the Peerage Bureau, b. Dec. 27th, 1851 at Kyoto; is the eldest son of the late celebrated Prince Iwakura who was one of the principal actors, on the Imperial side, in the great drama of the work of the Restoration. — p. 246 ([scan leaf 275](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n275/mode/1up))

**Iwamura, Michitoshi, Baron** born June 1840 in Tosa; Governor of the Prefecture of Saga, '73; Secretary of the Public Works Dep't (abolished afterwards) '74; Governor of the Prefecture of Kagoshima '77-'78; Chief of the Board of Audit '80-'81; Governor of the Prefecture of Okinawa '82; Vice-Minister of Justice '84; Governor of Hokkaido '86; Vice-Minister and then Minister of Agriculture and Commerce '88-'89; Director of the Imperial Estates Bureau '90-'03. — p. 246 ([scan leaf 275](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n275/mode/1up))

**Iwasa, Jun, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, was b. in Fukui, May 1836; is one of those who were appointed to organize the Medical College in its inception early in the era; is a physician-in-ordinary at the Court where he combines the honorary post of Councillor. — p. 246 ([scan leaf 275](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n275/mode/1up))

**Iwasaki, Hisaya, Baron** (cr. 1900), b. Aug. 1865; educated in the Imp. Tokyo Univ. and then at Philadelphia, U. S. A.; is a young gentleman of exemplary conduct He has travelled Europe and America two or three times. (Consult Baron Y. Iwasaki's sketch.) — p. 246 ([scan leaf 275](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n275/mode/1up))

**Iwasaki, Yanosuke, Baron** (cr. 1900), b. Jan. 8th, 1851 in Tosa, younger brother of the late Yataro Iwasaki reputed in his life as "king of maritime affairs." Yataro was a pioneer ship-owner in the new Japan, and a petty steamship company that was started a little before the Restoration grew up as the Mitsubishi Steamship Co. and on the occasion of the Satsuma rebellion suddenly sprang into importance with great financial success. That laid the foundation of the present greatness of the Iwasaki family and when a few years later the Union Steamship Co. was started, the Mitsubishi was in a position to successfully compete with it. When the two rival companies were amalgamated to form the present Yusen Kaisha, the steamers which the Mitsubishi had possessed fetched an enormous sum. That marked a new era for the Iwasaki family, they parted company with maritime business and were converted into bankers, mine-owners, proprietors of a dock, etc. Iwasaki jr. had proved an indispensable assistant to Yataro, for with remarkable administrative talent and painstaking disposition he excellently supplemented the defect of his bolder and aggressive brother. When the latter died in 1884 the subject of this sketch as partner to the family property and guardian to his little nephew arranged the family affairs into excellent order. Baron Iwasaki's only public career was in the form of Gov. of the Bank of Japan appointed '98. It was against his inclination that he accepted the post, so that as soon as some plausible excuse offered itself to resign, he hastened to do so the following year. — p. 247 ([scan leaf 276](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n276/mode/1up))

**Iwaya, Shu** Member of the House of Peers, b. in Omi, Feb. 1834; is one of the dwindling class of literateurs whose merit consists in writing elegant characters on paper or silk slips made for the purpose; was one time tutor of penmanship to His Majesty, and his style has been very much in vogue. — p. 247 ([scan leaf 276](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n276/mode/1up))

**Kabayama, Sukenori, full Admiral, Count** (gr. '95), a Privy Councillor, b. in Satsuma, Nov. 1837; entered the Army while young and on the occasion of the Civil War of '77 was on the Staff of Major General Tani (then Commander of Kumamoto Army Division) as Lieut.-Col.; transferred to the Navy '84; promoted Vice-Admiral '85; appointed the Vice-Minister '86 and Minister of the Navy '90-'92. When the war of '94-'95 broke out he was Chief of the Naval Staff, and on board transport "Saikyo-maru" was present in the battle of the Yellow Sea of Sept. 16th, '94. He was the first Governor-General of Formosa; then appointed Minister of Home Affairs Sept. '96-Dec. '97; Minister of Education Nov. '98-Sept. 1900; Privy Councillor in '04. He was promoted full Admiral May, '95. The patent of Viscount was granted him in 1884 in consideration of his distinguished service in the cause of the Restoration, and was raised to Count in '95 for his service in the Japan-China War and was moreover decorated with the 2nd Order of Golden Kite. — p. 247 ([scan leaf 276](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n276/mode/1up))

**Kagawa, Keizo, Viscount** (cr. '87), born Nov. 1839 at Mito; became an official in the Department of Imperial Honsehold in '70, and has been Lord Steward of the Empress' Household since '80. — p. 247 ([scan leaf 276](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n276/mode/1up))

**Kaiyeda, Nobuyoshi, Visc** (cr. '84), Privy Councillor, b. in Satsuma, Feb. '32. He is famous more for his service in connection with the Restoration and less for what he has done since, having filled comparatively quiet post. — p. 247 ([scan leaf 276](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n276/mode/1up))

**Kaijima, Tasuke** a coal boss, b. in Oct. 1844 in Fukuoka-ken; has risen from the ranks to the present opulence. Twice he failed in coal mining enterprise, but he persevered and at last the third undertaking started in '85 was crowned with success. He is a leasee of a large tract of coal-bearing area in Fukuoka-ken. — p. 248 ([scan leaf 277](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n277/mode/1up))

**Kamada, Yeikichi** was b. '58 in Kii, from which he was returned once to the House March '94; held high post atthe Bank of Japan, which he resigned to become President of the Keiogijuku, at the request of the late Mr. Fukuzawa, the renowned founder of the celebrated institution and where Mr. Kamada had been educated. Is reputed as one of the best after-dinner speakers of Japan. — p. 248 ([scan leaf 277](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n277/mode/1up))

**Kamimura, Hikonojo** Vice-Admiral, b. on May 5th, 1850 in Satsuma; entered the Imperial Navy while young and was the Captain of the cruiser Akitsushima on the Japan-China War of '94-'95; Captain of the battleship Asahi '99; promoted Vice-Admiral in '03; since the breakout of the present War has been Commander-in-Chief of the 2nd Japanese Squadron and succeeded in sinking the Rurik and seriously damaging the Gromoboi and the Rosia in the encounter, after repeated disappointments to seek out, off the eastern coast of Korea on Aug. 14th, '04. — p. 248 ([scan leaf 277](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n277/mode/1up))

**Kanai, Noburu** Hogaku-hakushi, b. in 1865; studied economics in Germany '86-'90; fills the chair of economy in the Imp. Tokyo Univ. from '91; was at the same time Councillor of the Department of Finance '92-'98. — p. 248 ([scan leaf 277](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n277/mode/1up))

**Kaneko, Kentaro, Baron** (cr. '95), Member of the House of Peers, b. at Fukuoka, Feb. 1853; grad. Harvard University of U. S. A. in '78; Private Secretary to Ito when he was Premier '85-'88, next when he was President of the Privy Council '88-'90; Chief-Secretary of the House of Peers '90; Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce '94-'96; and finally Minister of Agriculture and Commerce April-June '98 and Minister of Justice Oct. 1900-May '01. On the outbreak of the War he was sent to U. S. A. as Japanese emissary. He bears the title of LLD. from Harvard and is President of the "America's Friends" Society, a celebrated association composed with men who have been to America either for prosecution of study or other purposes. — p. 248 ([scan leaf 277](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n277/mode/1up))

**Kano, Jigoro** President of Tokyo Higher Normal School, b. at Hyogo, Oct. 1860; Director and Professor of the Peers' School '85; Director of the Special Education Bureau '98; President of Tokyo Higher Normal School since '01. He is a master of the art of Jujitsu and most of the noted young jujitsu experts have studied at the Jujitsu Institute founded by the subject of this sketch. — p. 248 ([scan leaf 277](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n277/mode/1up))

**Katayama, Kuniyoshi, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, b. July 1855 in Shizuoka-ken; studied medical jurisprudence in Austria and Germany '84-'88, and has been Prof. at the Col. of Med. of Imp. Tokyo Univ. since that time. He is at present vice-chairman of the Dojinkai, a medical association for befriending China and Korea. — p. 248 ([scan leaf 277](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n277/mode/1up))

**Kato, Hiroyuki, Baron** (cr. 1900), Bungaku-hakushi, Hogaku-hakushi, M. of the House of Peers since '90, b. in Tajima, June '36; is one of the pioneer scholars of Occidental learning and by translation or original work has done much in introducing Occidental civilization to our people. For many years down to 1893 he was President of the Imperial University at Tokyo. — p. 248 ([scan leaf 277](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n277/mode/1up))

**Kato, Masayoshi** Vice-President of the Nippon Yusen Kwaisha (Japan Mail Steamship Company), b. in Feb. 1854; was long a clerk of the Hyogo Local Office which he resigned in 1885, to enter the Nippon Yusen Kwaisha; was elected its Director '89, and Managing Director '93. — p. 249 ([scan leaf 278](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n278/mode/1up))

**Kato, Masuo** b. Nov. 1854 in Miye-ken; was a clerk of the Foreign Office '77 and removed to Chancelier of the Italian Legation '84, and then removed to the legation at the Hague. Was promoted Councillor at the Foreign Office '91, and three years later was appointed Counsul at Fusan, then removed to Seoul first as Secretary of the Legation and afterward its chief. Since '99 he has been adviser of the Korean Government which reposes considerable confidence in him. — p. 249 ([scan leaf 278](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n278/mode/1up))

**Kato, Taka-akira** ex-Minister for Foreign Affairs, was b. Jan. 1857 at Nagoya, and grad. Law at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. For a year or two he was in the Mitsubishi, and then entered the Foreign Office' 87, to be appointed personal secretary to the Foreign Minister (then Count Okuma) the following year. On the resignation of his chief Mr. Kato was transferred to the Finance Office to be promoted in time to the Director of the Banking Bureau, that of the Taxation Bureau, etc. Soon he returned to the Foreign Office and from '94 to '99 he represented Japan in England. When the 4th Ito Cabinet was formed he was given the portfolio of Foreign Affairs (1900-'01). Being equally on good terms with both Marquis Ito and Count Okuma he tried in the winter of 1902 to arrange the Ito-Okuma coalition Cabinet, but various obstacles stood in the way and the scheme failed. He sat twice in the House, once as M.P. for Kochi-ken where he was elected (Aug. '02) with no canvassing on his part, and next in March '03 from Yokohama. In 1904 he purchased one of the leading papers, the Nichi Nichi, for he has behind him the wealthy Iwasaki family, with which he is connected by marriage. Any way he is one of the junior statesmen with bright future in store for them. — p. 249 ([scan leaf 278](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n278/mode/1up))

**Kato, Tsunetada** Minister at Brussel, b. '59 at Matsuyama. Was attaché at Paris '86; secretary at the Foreign Office '91, and was again transferred, as Secretary, to the Legation at Paris '92-'97. Recalled home to be appointed Personal Secretary and Secretary, was promoted to be Minister Resident 3 years later, and to full Minister accredited to Belgium '02. — p. 249 ([scan leaf 278](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n278/mode/1up))

**Katsura, Taro, Premier, General, Count** (cr. '02) was b. Nov. 1847 in Choshu; and fought in the Imperialist's ranks in the civil war of the Restoration. Was appointed an officer by the Imp. Government and was sent to Germany to study military science and arts '70 and in '84. After filling various important posts in the Army he was appointed Vice-Minister of War '86-'91, and then Commander of the Nagoya Division which he led during the Japan-China War and wintered at Haicheng. In consideration of distinguished service in the War he was created Viscount and decorated with the 3rd Order of Golden Kite. On the conclusion of the Peace treaty he was appointed the Governor-General of Formosa, to be removed shortly after to the chair of War Minister Jan. '98-Dec. 1900, and under different Premiers. When the 4th Ito Ministry (Sept. 1900-'01) collapsed, and no elder statesman consented to form a Ministry to succeed it the Viscount was prevailed upon to do so. The result was the creation of the Katsura Cabinet in June 1901. - It was forcasted at the time by political meteorologists that this intermediary ministry would soon be superseded by one of "greater weight and prestige," but events have proved that the Katsura Ministry, though repeatedly compelled by circumstances, to change its personnel and distribution of chairs, has proved one of the longest on record and also one whose fame will be transmitted to posterity. For it was by this Ministry that the Anglo-Japanese treaty was brought to a definite conclusion early in 1902. For this achievement the Premier was elevated to the rank of Count and his colleagues were all suitably rewarded. The outbreak of the present War and the national unity of attitude occasioned by it have again strengthened the stability of the Ministry. — p. 249 ([scan leaf 278](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n278/mode/1up))

**Kawabata, Gyokusho** b. March 1842 at Kyoto; is a Professor of the Gov. Fine Art School at Uyeno, and is one of the living master painters. — p. 250 ([scan leaf 279](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n279/mode/1up))

**Kawamura, General, Baron** (cr. '96), b. on Feb. '50 in Satsuma; commanded a Brigade in the Japan-China War; and was afterward appointed Commander of the First Army Division (Tokyo); on the outbreak of the present War he at first led the Himeji Division, and was later appointed to the command of an Army which formed the extreme right in the Battle of Mukden. — p. 250 ([scan leaf 279](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n279/mode/1up))

**Kawasaki, Hachiyemon** born in December 1834 in Hitachi; was for a while had charge of the colonial work in Hokkaido; later he turned a banker and founded the Kawasaki Bank, one of the leading family banks in Tokyo. — p. 250 ([scan leaf 279](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n279/mode/1up))

**Kikuchi, Dairoku, Baron** (cr. '02), Rigaku-hakushi, President of the Peers' School, Mem. of the House of Peers, b. Jan. '55 in Mimasaka; studied mathematics at Cambridge, England '70-'77, and grad. it as one of the wranglers. After filling for a long while chair of Mathematics in the Imp. Tokyo Univ., he was transferred to the post of Vice-Minister of Education, then to the President of the Imp. Univ. and lastly Minister of Education June, 1901-July '03. Was created Baron when the all-round ennobling was carried out in '03 to reward the members of the Katsura Ministry for their merit in connection with the conclusion of the Anglo-Japanese treaty. He has been a Member of the House of Peers since '90; is the President of the Peers' School from '04. — p. 250 ([scan leaf 279](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n279/mode/1up))

**Kikuchi, Takeo** Hogaku-hakushi, M. of the House of Peers, a lawyer, b. at Morioka, Sept. 1854; grad. Boston Univ. '77; Lecturer of Law at Tokyo Univ. '81; Councillor of the Department of Justice '84; Private Secretary to the Minister of Justice (late Count Yamada) '86; afterwards Director of a Bureau in the Dep't from which he retired '91 to practise law. He is the President of the "Hogaku-in" (Private Law College). — p. 250 ([scan leaf 279](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n279/mode/1up))

**Kimura, Riemon** b. Nov. 1834; is one of the several millionaires of Yokohama, who, by foresight and shewdness, rose from obscurity to the present opulence by selling raw silk to foreigners early in the era. Is connected with the Yokohama Electric Light Co., the Specie Bank and other important establishments. He once sat in the House of Peers as high-tax paying member for Kanagawa-ken. — p. 250 ([scan leaf 279](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n279/mode/1up))

**Kinoshita, Hiroji** Hogaku-hakushi, President of the Imp. Kyoto Univ., Member of the House of Peers, b. Jan. 1851 at Kumamoto; held a chair in the Col. of Law of the Imp. Tokyo Univ.; was the Director of the Special Education Bureau. For several years he was Master of the First High School where he tried to introduce the boarding system of English high schools. — p. 250 ([scan leaf 279](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n279/mode/1up))

**Kishimoto, Tatsuo** Hogaku-hakushi, lawyer, b. 1852 in Tottori; studied law in France; was for many years an official at the Dep't of Justice where he rendered a great service under Boisonade in the arduous work of compiling the new codes. Is a prominent member of the Tokyo Bar after his resignation of official service '93, and is a founder of the Meiji Law College. — p. 251 ([scan leaf 280](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n280/mode/1up))

**Kitagaki, Kunimichi, Baron** M. of the House of Peers, President of Hokkaido Rly. Co., b. Aug. 1836 in Tottori; began his civil career in '69; afterwards Secretary of the Home Department, then Governor of several prefectures, till appointed Vice-Minister of Home Affairs from which he resigned in '99. — p. 251 ([scan leaf 280](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n280/mode/1up))

**Kitao, Jiro** Rigaku-hakushi, b. Aug. 1854 at Matsuye; studied chemistry in Germany '73–'83; appointed Professor of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '86; transferred to the Agricultural College '90. — p. 251 ([scan leaf 280](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n280/mode/1up))

**Kitazato, Shibasaburo, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, b. at Kumamoto Dec. 1856; studied in Germany under Koch '85–'91; discovered the genus of tetanus, diphtheria, pest (in conjunction with Dr. Aoyama), etc., and is regarded as one of the foremost bacteriologists of the world; has charge of the Gov. Blood-serum Laboratory. — p. 251 ([scan leaf 280](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n280/mode/1up))

**Kiyoura, Keigo, Baron** (cr. '02), Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, M. of the House of Peers, was b. Feb. '50 at Kumamoto. Rose to the present high position from obscurity, having been at one time a primary schoolmaster. His ability soon attracted the notice of his superiors when he obtained a clerical post in the central Gov. and his promotion was afterward quite rapid, chiefly in the Justice and Home Offices. In the former he rose to the heighest post and twice held the chair of Ministry '98–1900 and '01–'03. He was transferred to the present post in July '03 from ministerial convenience. He is one of the trusted lieutenants of Marshal Marquis Yamagata. — p. 251 ([scan leaf 280](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n280/mode/1up))

**Koba, Sadanaga** Hogaku-hakushi, Vice-Minister of Education, b. in Sept. '59; studied in Germany and Austria, '82–'85; Private Secretary to the Minister of Education, &c., '85–'92; afterwards the Director of the Ordinary Education Bureau and Chief Councillor; was made Vice-Minister of Education '03. — p. 251 ([scan leaf 280](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n280/mode/1up))

**Koda** This is a remarkable family of artists. “ Roban,” b. ‘67 is one of the master novelists and men of letters and may be compared to George Meredith in respect ofvigor of style and abundance of difficult passages. Especially rich in Buddhist allusions are his works, of which “ Goju-no-to ” (Five Pagodas), “ Isana-dori,” etc. are famous. His elder brother, Lieut. Gunji (ret.) took into his head an extravagant idea of colonizing and garrisoning the Kuriles and was unlucky enough to be waylaid and taken prisoner at Kamchatka about May this year. Roban's younger brother is a grad. of the Col. of Literature of the Imperial Tokyo Univ. His sisters are regarded as two of the best lady Pionists and violinists in Japan. Misses Nobu, Yuki, both b. at Tokyo, the elder in '70 and the younger '73; both showed a great talent for music from childhood; sent abroad by the Gov. to study music, Miss Nobu staying in U.S.A., Germany and Austria '89–'95; are Prof.s of the Gov. Tokyo Music Academy. — p. 251 ([scan leaf 280](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n280/mode/1up))

**Kodama, General, Baron** (cr. '95), b. in Choshu Feb. '52; entered the Army early and was a Captain of the Kumamoto garrison when the rebellion of '77 broke out and the rebels besiezed that southern stronghold. Subsequently he was dispatched to Germany to study military tactics; was appointed Vice-Minister of War '92; the Governor-General of Formosa with additional duty as Minister of War Dec. 1900–Oct. 1902 and Minister of Home Affairs July–Oct. 1903. Shortly before the outbreak of the present War the General was transferred to the important post of Vice-Chief of the General Staff retaining the Governorship of Formosa, and Chief of Staff of the Manchurian Army and we may say that we are indebted to him in a larger measure than to any other for the consummate strategy that has won the unbroken record of success in Manchuria. A statesman and a soldier he may confidently be expected to assume the supreme post of Premier any time in future. — p. 252 ([scan leaf 281](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n281/mode/1up))

**Kojima, Iken** b. in Iyo, Feb. 1837; early entered the Justice Dep't, and was a distinguished member of the Bench in which he rose to the top of the service. He was Chief of the Supreme Court when attempt was made on the life of the Czarevitch, now Nicholas II, at Otsu, and stoutly opposed the punishment of the would-be assassin Tsuda as crime against a Prince of the Blood, on the ground that the Japanese Criminal Code did not contain a provision dealing with such a case. In the following year he resigned the post; was member of the House of Peers '94–'98, resigned on being returned as M.P. from his native district. Has lately retired from active politic owing to age. He is President of the 20th Bank and is one of the best shots in the country. He lost his son and heir in the memorable siege of Peking on the occasion of the Boxer trouble, the young man having been attaché of the Legation. — p. 252 ([scan leaf 281](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n281/mode/1up))

**Komatsubara, Yeitaro** a Member of the House of Peers, born in Feb. 1852 at Okayama; appointed a Secretary of Foreign Affairs '81; afterward Secretary of the Legation at Berlin; Governor of Nagasaki-ken, &c.; Vice-Minister of Justice, and Vice-Minister of Home Affairs Nov. '98–Sept. 1900; and afterward entered Osaka Mainichi Shimbun, but resigned the editorship in 1903. — p. 252 ([scan leaf 281](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n281/mode/1up))

**Komoto, Jujiro, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, b. Aug. 1859; studied in Germany and Austria '85 – '89; Prof. of the Medical Col. of Imp. Tokyo Univ., and is one of the most distinguished ophthalmologists of the day. — p. 252 ([scan leaf 281](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n281/mode/1up))

**Komura, Jutaro** Minister of Foreign Affairs, Baron, (cr. '02), was b. in Hyuga Sept. '55. Was one of the first batch of students sent by the Government to America for studies, he being grad. of Harvard of the class '77. On his return he was appointed an official of the Justice Dep't, but was transferred to the Foreign Office '84 as Secretary and shortly afterward as assist. Director of the Translation Bureau. His career has since been chiefly confined to diplomacy in which he rose to the topmast ladder Sept. '01 on the formation of the Katsura Ministry and has just been appointed Senior Peace Plenipotentiary to attend the Peace Conference to be held at Washington. Fate has more than once placed him in circumstances of peculiar difficulty, and it was he as Charge de Affairs that represented Japan at Peking till the eve of the outbreak of the War of '94 – '95 and it was he that hauled down the Rising Sun in the Legation premises. During the War he was appointed Civil Administrator of Antung, to be promoted Director of the Political Bureau shortly afterward. Again he was made to undertake an important diplomatic business when the relation between Japan and Korea took a peculiar turn in consequence of the assassination of the Korean Queen. The matter successfully he remained in Seoul as Minister till he was recalled home June '96 to assume the post of Vice-Minister which post he filled till '98. In that year he was transferred to our Minister at Washington; to that at St. Petersburg 1900 and then removed to a similar post at Peking to represent Japan in the International Conference in connection with the Boxer trouble. — p. 252 ([scan leaf 281](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n281/mode/1up))

**Kondo, Rempei** President of the Nippon Yusen Kaisha (Japan Mail Steamship Co.), b. 1850, and is long connected with shipping business, having served under the late Iwasaki whose relatives by marriage he subsequently became. On the creation of the present Co. he was appointed a Director; was elected Vice-President at the time of the Japan-China War and finally its President. He was decorated with the 4th Order of the Rising Sun in recognition of his service about transport business during the war. — p. 253 ([scan leaf 282](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n282/mode/1up))

**Kono, Hironaka** M.P., b. at Fukushima in July 1849; entered early political career, joined the democratic movement started early in the '81st by Count Itagaki, and is one of the pioneer Liberals who fought in the cause of freedom and suffered much from collisions with the authorities. Was the leader of the Fukushima trouble and thrown in prison for several years, and has been returned without a break from his native district ever since the first summoning of the Diet. His fame has declined considerably lately in political centres since his secession '98 from the Liberal Party to join its rivals the Progressives, but at once sprung into notoriety for a short while when as President of the Lower House he invited its dissolution by his arbitrary procedure soon after the opening of the session of '03. — p. 253 ([scan leaf 282](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n282/mode/1up))

**Kubota, Beisen** b. at Kyoto in 1851; is one of the living master-painters of the hybrid school, i.e., painting based on Japanese school modified by Western style. He enjoyed a wide renown till some years ago when he contracted eye-disease and became blind. — p. 253 ([scan leaf 282](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n282/mode/1up))

**Kubota, Yuzuru** Minister of Education, a Member of the House of Peers, b. in May, 1847 in Tajima; entered the civil service in connection with Education in which he became Vice-Minister '93–'94, and finally its Chief '03. Is a Member of the House of Peers from '94, where he distinguished himself by his fearless attack on the doings of the Education authorities. — p. 253 ([scan leaf 282](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n282/mode/1up))

**Kuga, Michihisa, Marquis** (cr. '84. formerly courtier), b. at Kyoto, Nov. 1841; was appointed a commander of an Imperial Army at the time of the Restoration, on the consummation of which great event he was given a civil post in the Household Dep't, in the Cabinet (as secretary), and then as Governor of Tokyo '96–'97. He is a M. of the Constitutional Party. — p. 253 ([scan leaf 282](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n282/mode/1up))

**Kujo, Michitaka, Prince** (cr. '84, formerly courtier), b. at Kyoto, May 1840; was given an important post at the time of the Restoration, but soon retired from active life. Is the father of the Crown Princess. — p. 253 ([scan leaf 282](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n282/mode/1up))

**Kuki, Takakadzu, Baron** (cr. '95), a Privy Councillor, b. Nov. 1852 in Settsu; was for several years a high official in the Dep't of Education. He was Minister at Washington between '84 and '88, after which his career in active life ceased, having subsequently filled a quiet post of the Director of the Imp. Nara Museum; Exhibition Commissioner, etc. Sat for a while in the House of Peers, but resigned the post on being appointed a Privy Councillor. He is a great virtuoso. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Kumakawa, Muneo, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, b. Oct. 1858; studied medicine in Germany '87–'90; Professor in the Col. of Med. of the Tokyo Univ. since '91. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Kume, Kei-ichiro** a celebrated painter of the Western school, b. Aug. 1866 in Saga; studied in Paris '86–'93; appointed Professor of the Tokyo Fine Art School '96. He is noted for landscapes. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Kurino, Shin-ichiro** Minister at St. Petersburg till the outbreak of the War, born at Fukuoka '52; was appointed commissioner of the Foreign Office '81; Junior Secretary '84; Vice-Chief of the Investigation Bureau '86. Transferred to the Communication Dep't to act as personal secretary to its Minister, promoted to Director of the Foreign Correspondence Bureau in the Dep't three years after; returned to the Foreign Office '91 as Director of the Investigation Bureau and then that of the Political Bureau. Next commenced his diplomatic career first as Minister at Washington '94; that at Rome '96; at Paris '97; and last at St. Petersburg '01. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Kuroda, Kiyoteru** b. in June 1866; studied at Paris from '84 to '93; startled purists and unsophiscated circles by his exhibition of nude pictures in the Osaka Domestic Exhibition and elsewhere; is one of the master painters of Western school. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Kuroda, Nagashige, Marquis** (cr. '84, formerly Daimyo of Fukuoka), Vice-President of the House of Peers, b. May 1867 at Fukuoka; studied at Cambridge Univ. '84–'89; a Master of Ceremonies '89–'90. The Marquis is President of the Oriental Association and his position and talent command a great respect in public. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Kuroiwa, Shuroku** Editor and Proprietor of the Yorozu Choho, b. Oct. 1862 in Tosa; was long connected with various papers chiefly as translator of foreign novels; started the present daily in '92, and by his clever management created for it a wide circulation and to-day it is perhaps the best circulated journal. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Kurokawa, Mayori** Bungaku-hakushi, b. Nov. '29; appointed Prof. of the TokyoFine Art School and the Tokyo Music Academy; Prof. of Japanese Classics in the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '93–1901. Is a scholar of wide erudition and has written many works. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Kuroki, General, Baron** (cr. 1895), b. in Satsuma, Mar. 1844; commanded the Kumamoto Army Division in the Japan-China War, and achieved a distinguished service at Wei-hai-wei under Marshal Oyama, Feb. '95; promoted General on Nov. 1903. Being the Commander of the First Army that fought at the Battle of Yalu which opened the brilliant series of successful campaign in the present war, his fame is perhaps more widely known than that of his colleagues of similar standing. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Maejima, Mitsu, Baron** (cr. '03), b. Jan. '35 in Echigo, and had charge of postal affairs in the initial stage of the service, and laid the foundation of its present greateness. Resigned the post '81 when Count Okuma, his great friend, left the Government, and has ever since led comparatively retired life. Was President of Count Okuma's School, “ Waseda Special School ” '86–'90, and is a member of the Board of Directors of the Seoul-Fusan Railway. When the 30th anniversary of the postal service was celebrated in 1903 by the Government he, as the “ Father of Japanese Postal Service, ” was one of the principal guests of the occasion and his past merit was retrospectively rewarded by creating him a Peer. He is one of the enthusiastic language reformists and declares that Japan must abolish the use of Chinese characters to facilitate her progress along the path of modern civilization. — p. 254 ([scan leaf 283](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n283/mode/1up))

**Makino, Nobuaki** Japanese Minister at Vienna, b. Oct. '61; Secretary of the Foreign Office '89; Private Secretary of the Premier Count Ito (now Marquis) '88; a local Governor '91–'92; Vice-Minister of Education '93; Minister at Rome '97. Is a son of the late Okubo, perhaps the greatest statesman in modern Japan. — p. 255 ([scan leaf 284](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n284/mode/1up))

**Masuda, Takashi** b. '48 in Sado; is connected with the Mitsui Bussan for 30 years, having entered it in '76, and is one of the powers in business circles. He is a noted connoisseur of art objects and owns a large number of valuable pictures, etc. Perhaps stands at the head of the list in the amount of salary he draws, none in the Government or private service getting quite as much. — p. 255 ([scan leaf 284](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n284/mode/1up))

**Masujima, Rokuichiro** Hogaku-hakushi, lawyer, b. June '57 at Hikone; one of the pioneer graduates of the Law Course of the Gov. Univ. in Tokyo, and is also a graduate of the Middle Temple '83. He is one of the very few early Univ. graduates who have declined offer of position by the Government but started business, that of barrister in his case, on his own account. — p. 255 ([scan leaf 284](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n284/mode/1up))

**Matsuda, Masahisa** President of the House of Representatives since Mar. '04, a leader of the Seiyukai; b. April '45; studied in France, was the President of the Kagoshima Higher School. Then began his political career as a Liberal member under Count Itagaki, and has been returned for Saga-ken since '90 (with the break of '92–'97). When the Okuma-Itagaki Coalition Ministry was organized in '98 he was appointed Minister of Finance, and in the Ito Ministry of 1900–1901, was Minister of Education. — p. 255 ([scan leaf 284](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n284/mode/1up))

**Matsudaira, Masanao, Baron** (cr. 1900), a M. of the House of Peers, b. Feb. '44 at Fukui; Governor of Miyagi-ken, Kumamoto-ken and several other prefectures; held twice the post of Vice-Minister of Home Affairs, and represented Japan in the St. Louis Exposition as Vice-Chairman. — p. 255 ([scan leaf 284](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n284/mode/1up))

**Matsukata, Masayoshi, Count** (cr. '84), one of the “ elder statesmen” (Genro) was b. '40 at Kagoshima. He is a statesman who enjoys a great reputation for financial ability. His connection with the Treasury dates soon after the advent of the present era of Meiji, till in '81 when the Minister of Finance of the day (Okuma) resigned, the subject of this sketch as Vice-Minister succeeded him. He continued to occupy this chair for more than ten years and did much in restoring the credit of paper money which considerably fell below par in consequence of excess issue in the civil trouble '77. In '91 he undertook the task of forming a Cabinet, he combining the function of Minister of Finance which from long association had become identified with him, as it were. The Ministry fell the following year unable to withstand the fierce attack of the Liberals and the Progressives who temporarily joined force to charge the Ministry for the alleged misdeeds of official interference in the preceding year's general election. The Count kept aloof for several years from active politics, to assume the portfolio of Finance on the occasion of the Japan-China War. His second Ministry '96–'97 was memorable in the consummation of his long cherished ambition of making Japan a gold mono-metallic country; for Japan was now in the position, thanks to the war indemnity paid by China, of inaugurating this sound monetary system. Politically the 2nd Ministry was also memorable owing to the fact that it was formed with the support of the Progressives. The entente abruptly came to an end, and the Ministry collapsed miserably. When Marquis Yamagata was made to form a Ministry as the Count's successor, the latter was obliged to undertake the portfolio of Finance '98–'00. That was the last occasion on which he took part in active politics. The nomination to a Privy Councillor in July '03 was an outcome of peculiar circumstance (vide “ Marquis Ito ”). In '02 he travelled through Europe and America and was bestowed the honorary title of LLD. by Oxford Univ. On the death of Count Sano, President of the Red Cross Society '03, he was appointed as his successor. — p. 255 ([scan leaf 284](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n284/mode/1up))

**Matsumura, Ninzo** Rigaku-hakushi, botanist, b. Oct. '56 in Hitachi, studied in Germany '86–'89; and occupies the chair of Botany in the Imp. Tokyo Uuiv. after his return from foreign study. — p. 256 ([scan leaf 285](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n285/mode/1up))

**Matsuo, Shinzen** Governor of the Bank of Japan, Member of the House of Peers, b. Feb. '43 at Uwajima; was Director of the Financial Bureau of the Treasury for a long while, till in 1903 he was nominated to the present post. — p. 256 ([scan leaf 285](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n285/mode/1up))

**Matsuoka, Koki** President of the Court of Administrative Litigation, Member of the House of Peers, b. June '46 at Tokushima; appointed President of the Tokyo Appeal Court '90; Procurator-General '92. He was twice the Vice-Minister of Home Affairs in '94 and '98, then removed to the present post. — p. 256 ([scan leaf 285](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n285/mode/1up))

**Megata, Tanetaro** Financial Adviser to Korean Government, b. '51 in Tokyo, and for about 25 years ending '04 when he was engaged by the Korean Gov. Mr. Megata continued in the service of the Finance Dep't where he occupied the post of one Bureau Director or another. — p. 256 ([scan leaf 285](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n285/mode/1up))

**Minoura, Katsundo** Vice-President of the House of Representatives, b. Feb. '54 in Bungo, was for a while manager of the Hochi and began political life under Count Okuma. Sits in the House for Oita-ken from 1890. Twice he entered the Government service, first as Director of the now abolished Commercial Bureau of the Dep't of Agri're and Com. in '97 and in '98 as Vice-Minister of Communication. — p. 256 ([scan leaf 285](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n285/mode/1up))

**Misaki, Kamenosuke** Vice-President of the Yokohama Specie Bank, Member of the House of Peers, b. Jan. '58 in Sanuki. Was an official of the Home Office and elsewhere for a long while; was M.P. '90–'96, as a Liberal member, and re-entered the civil service as Director of the Local Affairs Bureau on the formation of the 2nd Ito Ministry, when it concluded entente with the Liberals, and continued to occupy the same post under the Matsukata Ministry that succeeded the other, he having severed connection with party politics. On the fall of that Ministry he was transferred to the present post. — p. 256 ([scan leaf 285](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n285/mode/1up))

**Mishima, Hatasu** tutor of Chinese classics to the Crown Prince, born Dec. '30, and held a post in the Justice Dep't as Public Procurator of the Supreme Court. Was also a Prof. in the Imp. Tokyo Univ. — p. 257 ([scan leaf 286](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n286/mode/1up))

**Misu, Sotaro** Vice-Adm., b. at Hikone '54. Was a Captain at the time of the Japan-China War. Promoted to Rear-Adm. '01, and appointed to the Director of the Personnel Bureau. On the outbreak of the present War he was appointed Com. of the 2nd Squad. under Vice-Adm. Kamimura; promoted to Vice-Adm. early this year, and has become a Com. under Adm. Togo. Was wounded in the memorable Battle of the Japan Sea. — p. 257 ([scan leaf 286](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n286/mode/1up))

**Mitsuhashi, Nobuyuki** Japanese Minister at the Hague, b. '56, and Entered the Foreign Office as clerk '79, to be transferred 2 years later to the Kanagawa Kencho. Was appointed Councillor and Secrctary of the Foreign Office '96, Minister Resident 1900. — p. 257 ([scan leaf 286](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n286/mode/1up))

**Mitsui, family, The** Is one of the oldest millionaire families and the most noted hereditary house of “ business kings ” in Japan, managing the big family concerns somewhat after a fashion of constitutional monarchy, for the eleven heads of the main stock and scions of the family are individually insignificant and only acquire importance as proprietors of different concerns the control of which is left in the hands of “ executive officials.” These establishments are the Mitsui Bank, Mitsui Bussan Kaisha (trading dep't) and Mitsui Kozan Kaisha (mining dep't). They are backed with registered nominal capitals of 8½ mil. yen and reserve funds amounting to 17 millions. The head of the main stock, Hachiroemon Mitsui, was created a Baron 1900 in consideration of valuable services rendered by the family to cause of public interest from former time. — p. 257 ([scan leaf 286](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n286/mode/1up))

**Mitsukuri, brothers** The Mitsukuri family is celebrated for the distinguished part its mem. have played in the cause of science. The late Rinsho Mitsukuri, eldest of the four brothers, was one of the most noted jurists of the time and in regard to the early compilation of laws and codes started soon after the inauguration of the new regime he was one of the conspicuous figures. Shortly before his death he was made a Baron. Of his three younger brothers the eldest is Baron Kikuchi (which see) who was adopted by a relative of the house; the second is Prof. K. Mitsukuri, of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. He grad. Yale and Cambridge, biology being his special line. He is connected with the Univ. from '85 when he returned home. The youngest, Prof. G. Mitsukuri, studied history in Germany, and is a Prof. of the Col. of Lit. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. — p. 257 ([scan leaf 286](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n286/mode/1up))

**Miura, Goro** Lieut.-Gen. (retired), Visc. (cr. '84), b. Nov. '46 in Choshu; appointed Commander of the Hiroshima Army Division '76; fought at the Civil War of '77; promoted Lieut.-General '79; afterward Commander of the Tokyo Army Division, &c.; retired from military service '98. It was while he was at Seoul as Japanese Minister '95, that the memorable tragedy of the assassination of the Queen took place. On suspicion of implicity in the affair he was arrested, but the suspicion was cleared on examination and he was soon set free. He is an earnest votarist of the Zen doctrines of Buddhism. — p. 257 ([scan leaf 286](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n286/mode/1up))

**Miura, Yasushi** Member of the House of Peers, born Aug. '28 in Ehime-ken. Was rather a conspicuous figure about the time of the Restoration, but whether from lack of powerful backing or other causes, he did not rise above the post of Governor of Tokyo '93–'94. — p. 257 ([scan leaf 286](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n286/mode/1up))

**Miwada, Masako** was b. Jan. '44 at Kyoto, and is one of the few lady educationalists of great renown. After she was bereft of her husband by death in '78, she took to learning with undivided attention till she attained a scholarship sufficient to teach others. Since then she has devoted herself to the work of education. By thrift and diligence she amassed enough to build a new school-house and this cherished wish was carried out a few years ago. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Miyabe, Kingo** Rigaku-hakushi, Prof. of the Sapporo Agr'ture Col., b. in Tokyo '59; grad. the College '81, and was soon sent to U. S. A. to study botany under Asa Gray. Returned home '87 with D. Sc. from Harvard. Mr. Miyabe is perhaps the foremost specialist in Japan in his line, though probably on account of his living in a remote place he is less widely known than other scientists residing in more central places. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Miyake, Shu, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, Member of the House of Peers, b. Feb. '43 at Tokyo; is the Dean of the Col. of Med. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Miyake, Yujiro** Bungaku-hakushi, author and journalist, b. May '60 at Kanazawa, and grad. Philosophy at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '81. He is a conspicuous figure in the world of letters and journalism, being a writer of great originality, of powerful style and deep thought. He once visited the South Seas and about three years ago made a trip round the world. He wrote many works chiefly of philosophical and literary interest. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Miyoshi, Taizo** Member of the House of Peers since '98, lawyer, b. in May '45; entered civil service while young, transferred to the Bench in which he won distinction till he rose to the post of Vice-Minister of Justice, President of the Court of Cassation which he resigned in '97. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Mori, Kwai-nan** b. Nov. '63 at Nagoya; is a writer of Chinese poetry and is patronized on that account by Marquis Ito whose verses are said to receive finishing touch from his pen. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Mori, Rintaro, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, Surgeon-Gen., b. in '60; is probably more widely known as literateur, chiefly as translator of many German classics. Writes a highly finished style. He is equally famous in his official career, having been connected with military surgery since he came back '88 from Germany where he had stayed about four years to complete his medical studies. He is at present in Manchuria as Surgeon-Gen. of the Tokyo Division. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Morimura, Ichizaemon** b. Oct. '39 in Tokyo; is engaged in export and import business for two decades and more, maintaining a branch store at New York and other places. Possesses the Morimura Bank, Cap. Y. 500,000, and is a director of the Bank of Japan. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Morita, Goyu** b. Jan. '34 in Owari; is the chief of the Sodo sect and presiding abbot of the Yeihei Temple, Noto. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Motoda, Hajime** M.P., lawyer, b. May '58 in Oita; was a leader of the National Association which was organized in '92 by the late Marquis Saigo and Viscount Shinagawa as organ of the clan statesmen; was one of those who joined Marquis Ito's “ model party” in 1900. He sits in the House from the first session and was Vice-President of the House '98–1902. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Motono, Ichiro** Hogaku-hakushi, Japanese Minister at Paris, b. Feb. 62 in Saga-ken; was translator of the Foreign Office '90, then Councillor '93, and transferred to the Secretaryship of Legation at St. Petersburg '96. In '98 he was appointed Minister Resident at Brussels, and transferred to the present post '01. He was a junior Delegate of Japan in the Peace Conference held at the Hague '99. — p. 258 ([scan leaf 287](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n287/mode/1up))

**Moto-ori, Ho-ei** tutor of the Crown Prince in Japanese classics, was b. April '34 in Ise, and is a son of the celebrated Moto-ori who flourished towards the end of the last century and was instrumental in reviving national literature and awakening the spirit of loyalty and patriotism to the Imp. Court. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Mudaguchi, Gengaku** President of the Tokyo Electric Rly. Co., b. Dec. '47 in Saga; became a civil official of the Department of Education and of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, but retired when Count Okuma (then Mr.) left the Government in '81. He is now a well-known figure in business world. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Murai, Kichibei** b. '64 at Kyoto; supplies a remarkable instance of success attained through diligence combined with shrewdness. He started at Kyoto tobacco manufacturing business in a small way less than two decades ago, cleverly forestalled others when the public began to use cigarettes in place of cut tobacco, and had several brands of a certain big tobacco manuf. co. of America he had then registered in his name as Japan had not yet joined the International League for the Protection of industrial property. The American co. was thus out-Yankeed so far as in regard to the sale of its products in Japan and neighboring places. The upshot was the Amr. co. entered into part'ship with the Murai . brother and started as a joint concern a big tobacco manuf. co. in Japan under the ostensible name of Murai Brothers. This concern was purchased by the Government when the monopoly prog. was started '03, and Murai brothers then started a bank in their name with the capital of Y. 1,000,000. They are also engaged in cotton thread manufacture. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Murata, Tamotsu** Member of the House of Peers since '90, b. Dec. '42 in Osaka; was long an official of Education, Justice, etc., but has been devoting himself to promoting the cause of fishery enterprise since '90 when he left the Gov service. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Murata, Tanryo** b. July '72, is noted as a painter of historic subjects. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Murata, Tsuneyoshi** Maj.-Gen. (retired), Baron, inventor of the Murata rifle, Member of the House of Peers since '90, b. June '38 in Satsuma; entered the Military early, and took part in the Civil War of '77, as a Major. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Murayama, Ryuhei** Proprietor of the Tokyo and Osaka Asahi newspapers, b. at Wakayama '50; is a “ Hamsworth ” of Japan in a small way, and has by his shrewd business management raised the two Asahis to the present prosperity and importance. Once sat in the House for Osaka-fu. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Nabeshima, Marquis** (cr. '84, formerly Daimyo of Saga, Hizen), b. Aug. '46; is one of the few hereditary Peers who have rendered distinguished service. Stayed in England for several years from '71 for study; represented Japan at Rome '80–'82, and was for a long while the Master of Ceremonies at the Court. Marchioness Nabeshima is the President of the Volunteer Nurse Association and is connected with various philanthropic works. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Nagaoka, Moriharu, Viscount** (cr '91), Member of the House of Peers, was b. Sept. '42 at Kumamoto, being a scion of the house of Marquis Hosokawa. He studied law in U. S. of America and England '72–'79; was the Minister at the Hague '80 – '82. He is a founder of the “ East Asia Identical Language Association ” and takes great interest in China. — p. 259 ([scan leaf 288](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n288/mode/1up))

**Nakabashi, Tokugoro** President of the Osaka Merchant Ship Co., b. at Kanazawa '60, grad. the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '84. Was long an official in the Dep't of Com. where he occupied the post of Director of the Accountant Bureau. Resigned it about ten years ago to take charge of the present co. which had begun to decline in prosperity. Through his judicious management the co. has begun to yield a good dividend. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Nakahama, To-ichiro, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, b. in Tokyo, July '57; is a son of the celebrated fisherman Manjiro who was drifted to America and came back on Perry's ships, and who on account of his knowledge in foreign language and foreign matters was employed in various important business by the Government of that time. The Doctor is a specialist of internal diseases. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Nakamuda, Kuranosuke** Vice-Admiral (retired), Viscount, (cr. '84), Privy Councillor, b. Feb. '31 in Saga; is one of the pioneer naval officers, and did much in laying the foundation of the future of fleet of Japan. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Nakano, Buyei** President of the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce born January 1849 at Takamatsu; before '81 was a civil official, but resigning the post he entered business. Was for a long the Director of the Tokyo Tramway Co. (forerunner of the present Tokyo Electric Car Co.), and was elected President of the Tokyo Stock Exchange a year or two ago. He sat in the House from '90 to 1902 as a Progressive M. P. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Namikawa, Sosuke** a celebrated cloisonne artist and porcelain painter, b. June '47 at Nagoya; has done more than any person in carrying cloisonne work to the present state of perfection. He took charge of the work of decorating a hall in the Imp. Court. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Namura, Taizo** Member of the House of Peers since '94, b. at Nagasaki, Nov. '41; sat at the Bench for many years ultimately rising to the top of the service as Procurator-Gen. of the Supreme Court '86 and chief of the same '92–'93. He resigned the office and has devoted himself to business since '94. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Nanjo, Bunyu** Bungaku-hakushi, b. May '49 in Mino; grad. Oxford Univ. '84, where he studied Sanskrit under Max Muller. Was a Professor of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Narabara, Shigeru** Baron, (cr. '96), Governor of Okinawa, b. May '34 in Satsuma; was on the suite of the Prince Shimazu when the Namamugi tragedy took place '62 that led to the bombardment of Kagoshima, by British warships. Was then President of the Nippon Rly. Co., and Gov. of Shizuoka '83; occupies the present post from '92. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Nemoto, Michiakira** Bungaku-hakushi, b. Jan, '22 in Akita; is one of the most noted Chinese scholars of the day, being the Doyen, as it were, of this particular class of scholars. Has filled the chair of Chinese Literature in the Imp. Tokyo Univ. since '95. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Nishi, Kwanjiro** General, Baron, (cr. '95), b. Mar. '46 in Satsuma; entered Army while young, promoted Major-General in '89; commanded a Brigade of the 1st Army Division (Tokyo) during the Japan-China War and fought at Port Arthur, &c. under Marshal Oyama; was created a Baron and decorated with the 3rd Order of Golden Kite. He was the Commander of the 2nd Army Division (Sendai) on the occasion of the outbreak of the present War and took part in Manchurian campaigns as far as the battle of Shaho. Was promoted full General June '04 and was appointed Commander of the Garrison of Liaotung and removed May '05 to the Inspector-Gen. of Education. — p. 260 ([scan leaf 289](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n289/mode/1up))

**Nishi, Tokujiro, Baron** (cr. '95), a Privy Councillor, b. in Satsuma July '47; entered diplomatic career early. Was the Minister at St. Petersburg '86–'96, and had to undertake grave diplomatic negotiations consequential to Russia's interference with the support of Germany and France on the eve of the conclusion of the Japan-China War. He was the Minister for Foreign Affairs Nov. '97–June '98 (under the Matsukata and Ito Ministries). He was Japanese Minister at Peking on the occasion of the North-China trouble and was one of those who sustained the memorable siege. — p. 261 ([scan leaf 290](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n290/mode/1up))

**Nishimura, Katsuzo** b. Dec. 1836 in Tokyo; is the father of leather-ware industry in Japan having started that business as early as '70. Next year he started the first knit-work factory in Japan. The fire-proof brick work which the Gov. established was purchased by Mr. Nishimura '87 and has been converted what was at first a losing enterprise into a paying concern. In the preceding year he visited Europe to study shoeing industry and returned home with a German expert whom he engaged. This laid the foundation of the present prosperity of Sakura Gumi to which his original leather-work establishment was re-named. He was long the Vice-Chairman of the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce; a founder of the forerunner of the Tokyo Higher Com. School; a founder of the Tokyo Asylum for the Aged and Foundlings, and has otherwise been associated with industrial and public enterprises. In recognition of his service the Government awarded him the Blue-ribbon medal. — p. 261 ([scan leaf 290](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n290/mode/1up))

**Nitobe, Inazo** Nogaku-hakushi, was b. '63, and grad. Sapporo Agri. Col. '81, and subsequently studied agr'al economy at the John's Hopkin's Univ., Baltimore, U.S.A., and at Bonn. Was for several years Prof. of the Sapporo Col., then official of Formosa which he left '04 to accept the offer of the chair of Economy by the Univ. at Kyoto. His little work, in English, “ Bushido,” published at Philadelphia in '98 has been translated into several languages and has done an inestimable service in initiating the Occidentals into the spirit of Japanese morality. His “ Nogyo Honron ” (New Agriculture) has been favorably received owing to great originality and great literary value. Mrs. Nitobe is an American lady. — p. 261 ([scan leaf 290](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n290/mode/1up))

**Nodzu, Michitsura, General, Count** (cr. '95), b. Nov. '40 in Satsuma; fought as a Colonel at the Civil War of '77; promoted Lieut.-Gen. in '85 and became General in '94; defeated the Chinese in the memorable battle of Pingyang as the head of the Hiroshima Division, and on Marshal Yamagata's being recalled home by the Emperor in consideration of his weak health the Gen. was ordered to succeed him and take command of the First Army. Was Inspect-Gen. of Education before he was appointed Commander of the Fourth Army at the present War. — p. 261 ([scan leaf 290](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n290/mode/1up))

**Noguchi, Sho-hin** a lady painter, b. Jan. '47 at Osaka; is a master of landscape painting. — p. 261 ([scan leaf 290](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n290/mode/1up))

**Nogi, Kiten, General, Baron** (cr. 1895), b. Nov. '49 in Choshu, is one of the most soldierly soldiers, perhaps too strict and Spartan for this effeminate and finical age. Like most Generals who have passed their prime the General took part in war a number of times, notably in the Civil War of '77, the Japan-China War and the present War. In the first the subject of this sketch fought as Captain in the hard-fought and bloody battle of Tawarazaka, in the second he as Commander of a brigade fought at Kinchow and Port Arthur, and the part he has undertaken in the second capture of Port Arthur is still fresh in the memory of all the world. On the conclusion of the Japan-China War he was promoted Lieut.-Gen. and appointed Commander of the 2nd Division (Sendai). Was for a short while the Governor-Gen. of Formosa '96, but was found too strict to be popular among his subordinates, and soon he returned to his congenial life of soldier as Commander of the 11th Division (Marugame). He resigned the post about the fall of 1900 and, like a Roman General, took to farming, till, on the outbreak of the present War, he was called out and ordered to attack Port Arthur as Commander of the 3rd Army, he having been promoted to full General in June '04. The loss of his two sons, both young officers in a Division composing his Army, one at Nansan and the other at Port Arthur has won profound sympathy both at home and abroad. — p. 261 ([scan leaf 290](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n290/mode/1up))

**Nomura, Yasushi, Viscount** (cr. 1887), a Privy Councillor, b. Aug. '42 in Choshu, became a civil official early; Minister of Home Affairs under Ito Ministry '94–'96; Minister of Communication under the Matsukata Ministry '96–'97. In 1900 he was appointed to the present office. — p. 262 ([scan leaf 291](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n291/mode/1up))

**Ogata, Gekko** b. Sept. '55, is perhaps the most celebrated living painter of the Ukiyo. school, which is chiefly devoted in deficting manners and customs in contrast to other schools whose ambition lies in choosing more “ philosophical ” subjects. — p. 262 ([scan leaf 291](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n291/mode/1up))

**Ogata, Masanori, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, b. Nov. '53 in Kumamoto-ken; studied medicine in Germany '81–'84; is a follower of the famous pathologist Virchow, and frequent has been the controversy between him and Dr. Kitazato on points of medical theory as was the case between their respective masters in Germany. The Doctor is Prof. at the Col. of Med. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. — p. 262 ([scan leaf 291](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n291/mode/1up))

**Ogawa, Mataji, Gen., Baron** (cr. '95), b. July '48 at Kokura; was a Major attached to the Kumamoto garrison when it was besieged by the rebels in the Civil War '77. Was chief of staff to the First Army at the time of the Japan-China War under Marshal Yamagata. In the reward for the service rendered during the war, he was rewarded peerage, promotion to Lieut.-Gen. with command of the 4th Division (Osaka), and the grant of the 3rd class of the Golden Kite. In the present War he at the head of his Division formed part of Gen. Oku's Second Army, till wounded in the Battle of Liaoyang he was sent home. He was promoted to full Gen. Jan. '05. — p. 262 ([scan leaf 291](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n291/mode/1up))

**Oishi, Masami, M.P** leader of the Progressive Party, was b. April '55 in Tosa, and, like most prominent men born in that province, took active part in taking up the cause of democracy. Severed connection with Count Itagaki's Liberal Party '82 and was arrested '85 with the late Baba who died prematurely in U.S.A. on the suspicion of dynamite affair, but was acquitted after several month's confinement. About this time he travelled abroad and some years after his return he was appointed by the Ito Ministry Minister Resident to Korea '92–'93, and this appointment perhaps furnished the first precedent for giving to an outsider a high official post all at once. He soon left the Gov. service and once more resumed his place in the Opposition under the lead of Count Okuma. He has twice re-entered the Gov., this time in virtue of his being an Opposition leader and not from sufferance of the clan Gov. as it was before, first as Vice-Minister of Agr. and Com. when the Matsukata Cabinet concluded an entente with the Progressives '96–'97, and next as Minister of the same Dep't '98 in the Okuma-Itagaki coalition ministry. He has sat in the House since '98. Diplomacy is what he considers as his forte. — p. 262 ([scan leaf 291](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n291/mode/1up))

**Oka, Genkei, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, chief physician-in-waiting to His Majesty; is one of the pioneer grad. of the Med. Col. of what has subsequently become the Imp. Tokyo Univ. For some years he further pursued the study of his special line in Germany. — p. 263 ([scan leaf 292](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n292/mode/1up))

**Okabe, Viscount** (cr. '84, formerly Daimyo of Kishiwada, Izumi), Member of the House of Peers, b. Nov. '54; studied in America and England '75–'83; appointed Councillor of the Japanese Legation in London '86; Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs '89–'90; was appointed Minister Plenip. unattached '91; Governor of Tokyo-fu '94–'96. He is about to settle with his family at the vicinity of Ping Yang, Korea, where, with the object of setting an example to his fellow Peers, he has leased a wide tract of land to convert it into a model plantation. — p. 263 ([scan leaf 292](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n292/mode/1up))

**Okamura, Teruhiko** Hogaku-hakushi, lawyer, b. July '55 at Osaka; studied law at London '76-'81; afterward became a judge and was appointed President of the Yokohama Local Court, but retired in '91, since which he has been practising law. He was dispatched to London several years ago by the Government in connection with the Chishima-Ravenna collision case, which was decided by the Privy Council in favor of Japan. — p. 263 ([scan leaf 292](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n292/mode/1up))

**Oku, General, Baron** (cr. '95), b. Nov. '44 in Fukuoka-ken; entered the Army '71. Won distinction in the Civil War '77 for having cut through the besieging lines of the rebels round Kumamoto which was held by the Imperial troops, and thus established connection with the reinforcements that were. coming to its rescue. Commanded the 5th Division (Hiroshima) in the Japan-China War and was rewarded with Peerage and the 3rd class of the Golden Kite. Was appointed Commander of the Tokyo Bay Defence, Commander of the Eastern Military Districts, and other high posts, meanwhile promoted to full Gen. '03. He attended the Durbar at Delhi a couple of years ago. His brilliant achievements as Commander of the Second Army in the present War have won admiration both at home and abroad. — p. 263 ([scan leaf 292](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n292/mode/1up))

**Okuda, Yoshindo, M.P** Hogaku-hakushi, b. June '60 in Tottori-ken; grad. Law Course of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '84, and was at once appointed an official of the Dep't of Agr. and Com. in which he rose quickly till he became Director of Patent Bureau '90. Was subsequently transferred to Director of the Official Gazette Bureau; Chief Secretary of the House of Representatives '96; Vice-Minister of Agr. and Com. '98 and that of Edu. '99; Director of the Legislative Bureau '00–'[illegible]2. He has sat in the House since '03. Is a founder of the Hogaku-in (Private Law Col.) and travelled abroad '99. — p. 263 ([scan leaf 292](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n292/mode/1up))

**Okuma, Shige-nobu, Count** (cr. '87), Leader of the Progressive Party, b. Feb. '38 in Saga, shares, all things considered, with Marquis Ito the fame of being two of the ablest living statesmen of Japan. In prestige, mental vigor and intellectual activity the two really stand on the same plane, and if, as it is generally believed, the two statesmen are political rivalry that rather comes from accidents of circumstances and not from inclination, for both are alike in entertaining progressive views. Perhaps the real rivalry and incompatibility of views is found more between the Count and Marquis Yamagata who is a statesman of conservative ideas, as most soldier statesmen generally are the world over. Fate, however, has denied to the subject of this sketch as it has allowed to Marquis Ito as better opportunities of directing the affairs of state. For about ten years, i.e., '73–'81 he had charge of the Treasury first as Vice-Minister and then as full Minister, and this post he had to resign and retire from Government service as his memorial urging the Government to introduce representative government was rejected by his colleagues. In those days the two clans of Satsuma and Choshu, in consideration of their having been principal agents in regard to the grand work of the Restoration, reigned supreme, but the Count was of Saga extraction and therefore lacked powerful backing behind him. The immediate result of his resignation was the formation of the Kaishin-to, the forerunner of the present Progressive Party. Then began his career as Opposition leader committed in furthering the cause of representative Government and in overthrowing the clan system. In '88, the year preceding the promulgation of the Constitution, he was induced by his great friend the late Count Kuroda, Premier of the day, to accept the portfolio of Foreign Affairs, and to undertake the important task of revising the Treaties concluded with the Powers before the Restoration. It was on that occasion that attempt was made on his life, he barely escaped death but with the loss of one leg. (See Chap. Diplomacy.) The clause in the draft treaty for appointing foreign judges in the Supreme Court, had evoked the discontent of a section of public, and the young “ patriot” took up their cause. After remaining as outsider for several years the Kaishin-to joined hands with the 2nd Matsukata Ministry in '96, with the result that the Count re-entered the Cabinet as Foreign Minister and Minister of Agriculture and Commerce. The collapse of this alliance, the formation in June '98 of the Okuma-Itagaki Coalition Ministry in which the Count assumed the Premiership with additional duty as Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the breakdown of this coalition were events of yesterday, as it were, and need not be described at length. Thus ends, so far, the Count's official career which even his admirers may hardly call it a success. Some say that he is a little too fond of theory with no correspondent power of action to carry it out. In non-political spheres, especially in the founding of Waseda Semmon Gakko (now Waseda Univ.) in '82, he has achieved an unqualified success if we may consider it as a business enterprise. Horticulture is the Count's hobby and his collection of tropical plants, chiefly orchids, and other rare plants is perhaps the best in Japan. Unlike Marquis Ito the Count has never been abroad, and like other statesmen of similar standing he has not been blessed with a son, so that his heir is an adopted son, husband to his daughter. — p. 264 ([scan leaf 293](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n293/mode/1up))

**Okura, Kihachiro** one of the new-made millionaires, b. Sept. '37 in Echigo. Removed to Tokyo early in the era and started business of selling arms and ammunition, from which he derived a big profit. He opened a branch store in London '74 and ever since he has kept up an export and import business, especially latter in the shape of machineries, electric plant, and such big things. In '99, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of his business enterprise, he founded a private business school by endowing it with the fund of half a million yen. He travelled twice through Europe and America first in '72 and second '00 to visit the World Fair at Paris in company with Mrs. Okura. He holds a court title and wears the 3rd Order of the Rising Sun. — p. 265 ([scan leaf 294](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n294/mode/1up))

**Ono, “ Kozan,”** b. '13 at Hikone and enjoyed a wide celebrity till a few years ago for his Chinese verses and caligraphy. Was granted a court title '00 in consideration of his long service in the cause of culture and refinement. — p. 265 ([scan leaf 294](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n294/mode/1up))

**Ono, Kwokei** b. March '45 in Shinano; is one of the leading merchants of Yokohama where he has transacted raw silk since it has been opened to foreign trade. Is a promoter of the Yokohama Specie Bank and is also connected with several important undertakings carried on in the port. — p. 265 ([scan leaf 294](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n294/mode/1up))

**O-oka, Ikuzo, M.P** a leader of the Seiyukai, b. June '56 in Choshu; was long a lawyer in Tokyo which business he has subsequently deserted to devote himself to politics in which he was once a member of the National Unionist Association and now one of the Seiyukai. Is the chairman of the City Council, Tokyo, and owns the Chu-o. He sits in the House from the first session '90. — p. 265 ([scan leaf 294](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n294/mode/1up))

**Osawa, Kenji, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, Member of the House of Peers, b. July '52 in Mikawa; pursued medical study in Germany '70–'74 and '78–'82; since then Professor of the Medical Course of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. — p. 265 ([scan leaf 294](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n294/mode/1up))

**Otani, Kahei** b. Dec. '44 in Ise; has raised himself to the present influential position from obscurity, having been for long a clerk at a foreign firm in Yokohama dealing in tea. He set up a tea store at his own account a number of years ago and is now the foremost tea exported. Has taken great pains in maintaining the fame of Japanese tea in America in the face of aggressive measures taken by its Ceylon rival. Is the chairman of the Japan Tea Guild and President of the 74th Bank, Yokohama. — p. 265 ([scan leaf 294](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n294/mode/1up))

**Otani, Kodzui, Count** (gr. '03), b. at Kyoto, Dec. '76; is the Lord Abbot of the Western Hongwan Temple, one of the two greatest Buddhist centres in Japan. Stayed long in Europe for prosecution of study, and started home '02 via the Central Asia, but was obliged to hurry home before he could carry out his programme on learning the death of his father. He married with Princess Kadzu-ko (elder sister of the Crown Princess), 2nd daughter of Prince Kujo, Jan. '98. — p. 265 ([scan leaf 294](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n294/mode/1up))

**Otani, Kokei, Count** (cr. '96), b. July '51 at Kyoto; Lord Abbot of the greatest Buddhist centre in Japan, the East Hongwan Temple, for many years past a synonym of mismanagement, corruption and internal discord. The threat of bankruptcy is hanging over the temple like the sword of Damocles, and quite recently even the princely residences and villas of the Lord Abbot were seized by a creditor. — p. 265 ([scan leaf 294](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n294/mode/1up))

**Otori, Keisuke, Baron** (cr. 1900), Privy Councillor, was b. Feb. '33 in Harima; was one of the ablest generals on the Shogunate side, who from erring sense of faithfulness, took up the fallen cause of the Regency and fought with the Imperialists. Surrendered with the future Adm. Viscount Enomoto to the Imperial troops after having defended Hakodate against them and was imprisoned for two years. (See “ Enomoto.) Released he was appointed an official of the then created Hokkaido Colonization Board; then a Secretary of the Public Works Dep't now no more; President of the Peers' School, etc. Was Minister at Seoul when war broke out between Japan and China; removed to the present post shortly later. Is the President of the Businessmen's Corporation, Tokyo. — p. 266 ([scan leaf 295](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n295/mode/1up))

**Oura, Kanetake** Member of the House of Peers and Minister of Communication, b. in Satsuma, May '50; appointed Governor of Shimane-ken '93; afterward that of Yamaguchi, Kumamoto, Miyagi, &c.; Inspector - General of the Metropolitan Police '98–'00 and '01–'03. In Sept. 1903 he was appointed to the present post. — p. 266 ([scan leaf 295](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n295/mode/1up))

**Oyama, Iwao, Marshal, Marquis** (cr. Count '84, gr. Marquis '95), Commander-in-Chief of the Manchurian Army, was b. Oct. '42 in Satsuma, is a general who owes his greatness to master mind that knows whom to trust and that can be detached enough to leave the trusted lieutenants uninterfered in their acts. A nephew of the great Saigo, the General took some distinguishing part in the work of the Restoration, and it was with bitterest pang that the General was obliged to command a Brigade against his adoring uncle when the latter was forced by his impetuous and erring followers to raise the flag of rebellion in '77. Between '78 when he was promoted Lieut.-Gen. and '91 when the mandate of full General was conferred upon him, the General, surrounded by a staff of brilliant young officers, rendered a signal service in carrying our Army to the state of efficiency. On the occasion of the Japan-China War the General was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Second Army which took Port Arthur and Wei-hai-wei. Next we found him a Marshal ('98) and Chief of the General Staff, which post he soon resigned to make room for a “ young talent ” in the person, on that particular occasion, of the late Viscount Gen. Kawakami, who may be said to have perfected the staff service to the present state of efficiency. His premature death obliged him, after the late Prince Komatsu filled the vacancy for a short while, to resume his former post in the General Staff till the time of the outbreak of the present War in which he, with the help of his second in Command, Gen. Kodama, and a staff of brilliant officers, has carried the Imperial armies to the pinnacle of fame. The Marquis bears the 2nd class of the Golden Kite and the Grand Order ('02). Marchioness Oyama was one of the young ladies who were first despatched by the Government for study to U.S.A. in '71, and is a grad. of Vassar Col. — p. 266 ([scan leaf 295](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n295/mode/1up))

**Oyama, Tsunasuke** Japanese Minister at Rome, b. Jan. '53 at Kagoshima; was a Legation C[illegible]ncelier '78–'79 at Rome and Paris; promoted Secretary of the Legation at London '84; personal secretary to the Foreign Minister '86. Was transferred to Secretary of Legation at Paris '88; appointed Minister at the Hague '92, then at Vienna, and finally at Rome '99. — p. 266 ([scan leaf 295](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n295/mode/1up))

**Ozaki, Saburo, Baron** (cr. '96), Member of the House of Peers since '90, b. Jan. '42 in Kyoto-fu; held various posts at the Home and Foreign Offices, the last post he held being that of the Director of Legislative Bureau '90. Was a promoter of the Seoul-Fusan Rly. Distinguished service rendered in connection with the Restoration was rewarded with Peerage. — p. 267 ([scan leaf 296](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n296/mode/1up))

**Ozaki, Tadaharu, Baron** (cr. 1900), Privy Councillor since '90, b. in Tosa, Feb. '31; was long connected with the Justice Dep't, ultimately rising to the post of President of the Supreme Court. — p. 267 ([scan leaf 296](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n296/mode/1up))

**Ozaki, Yuki-o, M.P** Mayor of Tokyo, b. Nov. '59 in Miye-ken; entered political life while young, and is one of those prominent politicians who swore to pull down the clan Gov. and introduce party politics. From platform and through the columns of press he fiercely attacked the clan Gov., and his eloquence soon made him one of the best speakers of the day. In '87 he was ordered to leave Tokyo by the coup d'etat; he utilized this opportunity for purpose of visiting England whence he returned home on the eve of the summoning of the 1st session of the Diet in which he continues to sit ever since. When the short-lived entente was concluded between the Matsukata Cabinet and the Progressives, he as a prominent member in that party, was given a post of chief councillor of the Foreign Office. Thus after a long absence he re-entered the Gov. service which he had quitted out of dissatisfaction with the doings of the Sat-cho faction. Was the Minister of Education in the Okuma-Itagaki Coalition Cabinet, but that post he was obliged to resign from a trivial cause hardly worth mentioning. Probably this circumstance led ultimately to his severing connection with Count Okuma's party with which he had been identified since its inception, and in '00 he joined Marquis Ito's new party to be made its leader in the House. The dubious course which the Marquis had to assume, from peculiar circumstance, towards the present Ministry offended the subject of this sketch, and in '03 he resigned the Constitutionalists, so that he is now a free lance. He was elected Mayor of Tokyo soon afterward. — p. 267 ([scan leaf 296](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n296/mode/1up))

**Saionji, Kin mochi, Marquis** (cr. '84, formerly courtier), Leader of Seiyukai, was b. Oct. '49 at Kyoto. Studied at Paris '70 – '80 and brought home highly democratic notions that startled his seniors. Issued a democratic paper called “ Oriental Liberty ” with the late Mr. Nakaye, Mr. Matsuda, M. P. (President of H. of Rep.), but had to discontinue it in deference to the strong objection of senior Peers of conservative ideas. Then commenced his official career, first as Minister to Austria '85, removed to a similar post at Berlin '87, when he was recalled to held a post at home. Was President of the Board of Decoration; and held chair of Education in the 2nd Ito Cabinet '94–'96 temporarily acting as Min. of Foreign Affairs in consequence of the late Count Mutsu's illness. He was again Min. of Education in the 3rd Ito Cabinet and was nominated President of the Privy Council on the death of Count Kuroda, and as President he had to occupy post of Prime Mrnister ad interim no less than three times during the interval between the resignation of one Ministry and the formation of another. When Marquis Ito with whom he organized the Seiyukai and is on terms of great friendship, had to enter the Privy Council July '03, the subject of this sketch exchanged post with him and became Leader of the Seiyukai. He is reported to be one of the most clear-headed statesmen of the day. He is a brother of Marquis Tokudaiji, Lord Chamberlain, while his younger brother is the head of great Sumitomo family, Osaka, by whom he was adopted. — p. 267 ([scan leaf 296](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n296/mode/1up))

**Saito, Minoru, Vice-Admiral** Vice-Minister of Navy, b. Oct. '58 in Iwate-ken. Was Sub.-Lieut. '82; Commander at the time of the Japan-China War; removed to the honorable post of naval aide-de-camp to His Majesty; promoted to be Vice-Commander of the cruiser Izumi; removed to a member of the Naval Staff Board. Undertook as second in command the task of bringing home from England the battleship Fuji '96. After two years' service on the sea he was wanted by Adm. Baron Yamamoto, then installed in the Ministry of the Navy, as his immediate subordinate, which post he continues to fill with great credit. Rear - Adm. 1900 and Vice-Adm. '04. — p. 268 ([scan leaf 297](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n297/mode/1up))

**Sakatani, Yoshiro** Hogaku-hakushi, Vice-Minister of Finance, b. Jan. '60, son of a celebrated scholar in Chinese. Grad. the Gov. Univ., Tokyo and entered the Dep't of Finance '87, with which he is connected without a break, having been successively Councillor, Accountant, Director of Accountant Bureau, and lastly the present post '01. He rendered a distinguished service in the work of monetary reform '97. — p. 268 ([scan leaf 297](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n297/mode/1up))

**Sakuma, Samada, General, Viscount** (cr. '95), b. in Choshu, Dec. '44; took part in the Civil War of the Restoration. Commissioned as Lieut. '72; Major-Gen. '81; Lieut.-Gen. '86 and Commander of the 2nd Division (Sendai). Ordered to proceed to the front at the time of the Japan-China War, and was afterward appointed Military Commander of the Districts of Occupation. Was promoted full General '98 and at present holds the post of Commander-in-Chief of Tokyo Garrison. — p. 268 ([scan leaf 297](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n297/mode/1up))

**Sasaki, Takayuki, Count** (cr. '84), Privy Councillor, b. Nov. '30 in Tosa, and took an active part in the work of the Restoration. He has, however, consistently kept aloof from active politics since that time, and has been chiefly connected with the Imperial Court and affairs of public education. Has charge of the bringing up of two of the Emperor's daughters, Princesses Tsune and Kane. — p. 268 ([scan leaf 297](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n297/mode/1up))

**Sassa, Tomohisa, M.P** Leader of the Imperialist Party, was b. Jan. '54 in Kumamoto-ken. Joined the rebels in the Civil War of '77 and was thrown in prison for several years on the suppression of the trouble. Began political career and organized '92 the National Association with the late Marquis Saigo and Viscount Shinagawa as a Ministerial organ, this party being now known under the present title, “ Imperialist Party.” It holds about 20 seats in the House and is altogether an insignificant body. Has been returned to the House since the first session. — p. 268 ([scan leaf 297](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n297/mode/1up))

**Sato, Susumu, Dr** Igaku-hakushi, b. Nov. '45; studied medicine in Germany, and was the Presiding Surgeon of the Hiroshima Military Hospital at the time of the Japan-China War. Undertook the operation on Li Hung-chang when the late Chinese statesman was shot by a fanatic while staying at Shimonoseki as Peace Envoy. The Dr. supervises the Hiroshima Mil. Hospital in the present War. — p. 268 ([scan leaf 297](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n297/mode/1up))

**Senge, Takatomi, Baron** (cr. '84), Governor of Tokyo-fu, Member of the House of Peers, was b. Aug. '45 at an ancient family who hereditarily acted as Grand Custodian to the Great Shrine of Izumo. Was appointed Director of the Ord. Education Bureau '92; Gov. of Saitama '94, that of Shizuoka '97, and lastly the present post '98. He was granted Pec age in consideration of the honorable position the family occupied from ancient time, being considered as almost rivalling the Imperial line in respect of antiquity. — p. 269 ([scan leaf 298](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n298/mode/1up))

**Shaku, Unsho** b. in '27 in Shimane-ken; chief abbot of the Mejiro Temple, Tokyo. Is reputed as one of the most learned priests of the time. — p. 269 ([scan leaf 298](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n298/mode/1up))

**Shiba, brothers. Shiro** elder of the two, b. at Aizu '52; studied in America, and '86 was appointed Personal Secretary to the Minister of Agr. and Com. of the time (V't Tani) with whom he travelled through Europe and America on official business. Resigned office next year with his chief and published a political novel written in fine Chinese, and which had a great vogue. Was arrested on the charge of complicity in the Korean Queen assassination affair, to be acquitted on examination. Was Vice-Min. of Agr. and Com. '98 in the Okuma-Itagaki Cabinet. He has frequently sat in the House as mem. (Prog.) from his native district. — p. 269 ([scan leaf 298](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n298/mode/1up))

**Goro** younger of the two, b. at Aizu '65; entered army early and was commissioned in artillery corps; was a military attache of Legation at London and Peking, and it was while in the latter that the Boxer trouble broke out and the legation corps had to shut themselves up in the premisses of the British Legation. The handful of the legation guards and volunteers led by the Col., then Lieut.-Col., successfully withstood the siege of the Chinese army, till rescued by the reinforcements sent by Japan. The Col.'s fame soon spread throughout Europe and America for valor and presence of mind, and rewards arrived him from all the Governments whose subjects were among the beleagured party, besides one from the Pope of Rome for humatarian service. Accompanied the late Prince Marshal Komatsu when he visited England to attend the Coronation Ceremony of King Edward. Is at the front as Com. of Art. Regr. from the out break of hostilities. — p. 269 ([scan leaf 298](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n298/mode/1up))

**Shibata, Kamon** Chief Secretary of the Cabinet, b. '61 in Kanazawa; grad. Law of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '85; appointed Councillor Home Office '86, Secretary of the Cabinet '89. Was appointed Dir. Local Adm. Bureau, Home Office '95, and was transferred to the present post on the formation of the present ministry. — p. 269 ([scan leaf 298](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n298/mode/1up))

**Shibusawa, Yei-ichi, Baron** (cr. 1900), b. Mar. '40 in Saitama-ken; is a Nestor of our business circles. Took service under the Tokugawa in its declining days and visited Europe '67–'68 in company of a Tokugawa Prince. Was appointed a high official in the Treasury on establishment of the Imperial Government, but left it '73 with the then Vice-Minister of the Dep't (now Count Inouye) in consequence of his opposition to the policy of the Minister. From that time to this day the subject of this sketch consistently kept aloof from Gov. service though very frequently the chair of Finance has been offered to him. Founded the 1st Bank, pioneer of national banks in '73; was the chairman of the Tokyo Chamber of Commerce from its inauguration till Spring of '05 when he resigned on account of ill-health; shares equally with Mr. Jiro Yano (which see) the honor of having carried business education to the present state of prosperity. Also took part in city administration. Before he fell seriously ill a couple of years ago he had been connected as president or member of the Board of Directors with a large number of business establishments; but he has declined most of them. He frequently travelled over to Korea where his bank enjoys a great credit and acts as banker to the Korean Court and Government. His elevation to Peerage was in consideration of immense service he had rendered in the cause of public wellbeing. — p. 269 ([scan leaf 298](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n298/mode/1up))

**Shigeno, An-yeki** Bungaku-hakushi, Member of the House of Peers, b. Oct. '27 in Satsuma; held for a long while a chair in the Col. of Lit. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. and is one of the veteran scholars in Chinese classics and also a historian. — p. 270 ([scan leaf 299](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n299/mode/1up))

**Shimada, Saburo, M. P** edi. and prop. of the Mainichi, b. Oct. '52 in Tokyo. Was connected with a daily journal published in Tokyo '74 and for some years after he held a post of Secretary in the Dep't of Edu., which he resigned '81 when Count Okuma left the Government. For many years he was one of the ablest lieutenants of the Count and a prominent member of his party, but afterward he severed connection with it and has ever since remained as an indep. member in the House which he continues to sit from its 1st session. Was for a while Vice President of the House. He is one of the most fluent speakers among contemporary publicists. Wrote several works of historical interest, notably “ How Japan was opened to Foreign Intercourse.” — p. 270 ([scan leaf 299](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n299/mode/1up))

**Shimaji, Mokurai** one of the noted Buddhist priests, b. Feb. '37 in Suwo. Played active part in the early part of His Majesty's reign in reforming the system of the Shinshu sect to which he belongs, and also memorialized the Gov. about the control of religious affairs. Visited Europe in '71 and the following year on his way home the Bud. districts of India. Compiled '96 at the request of the Buddhist League “ Fundamental Points of the Buddhist Sects.” Wrote many other works and continues to devote himself to cause of female education and diffusion of Buddhist doctrines at his private residence in Tokyo. — p. 270 ([scan leaf 299](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n299/mode/1up))

**Shimoda, Utako, Mad** is one of the foremost blue-stockings and educationalist, besides occupying the highest post in Gov. service of all the women in Japan. Was a Court lady till about '79, her great ability in composing sonnets having drawn the attention of Her Majesty. It was at her suggestion that her original personal name was changed to the present one which means “ Sonne s.” On the founding of the Peerage Girl's School she was a, pointed an instructor subsequently combining the executive duty of Lady Steward of the school. Founded a private female school about ten years ago. She visited Europe and also China. — p. 270 ([scan leaf 299](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n299/mode/1up))

**Shimamura, Hayao** Rear-Adm., was b. Sept. '58 in Tosa. Was a staff Lieutenant in the time of the Japan-China War; promoted to a command on its termination and attached to the Italion Legation '96. Promoted to Com. of the Suma '00 and took part in the Boxer's trouble. Was singled out by Adm. Togo on the outbreak of hostilities as his chief of the staff, having been promoted Rear-Adm. soon after. In the memorable Battle of the Japan Sea he commanded a detachment of armored cruisers. — p. 270 ([scan leaf 299](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n299/mode/1up))

**Shimonose, Masachika** Kogaku-hakushi. inventor of Shimonose powder, b. Dec. '59 at Hiroshima; grad. the now defunct Imp. Col. of Engineering '84; was connected with the Printing Bureau '84 to '87 and took charge of the work of manufacturing printing ink and pigments. Was transferred to the Naval Arsenal '87 where he supervised till '00 the ammunition dep't. Meanwhile he had completed his prolonged investigations in explosives and his new compound was adopted in June '93 by the Navy which gave it the name of Shimonose powder. His service was rewarded with grant of decoration and a sum of money. In June '99 the Snimonose Powder Factory was established at Akabane and he was appointed to take charge of it, and this post he continues to hold. The following year he was granted another decoration. He was frequently appointed a Commissioner of Domestic Exhibition. Mr. Shimonose's explosive has proved, employed for the first time in actual fighting in the present War, a terrible destructive agency far more terrible than any similar compound previously known in the world, so that for the complete success of her arms Japan owes to the inventor almost as much for the commanding genius of Marshal Oyama and supreme strategy of Adm. Togo. — p. 271 ([scan leaf 300](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n300/mode/1up))

**Shida, Gentaro** Vice-President of the Hypothec Bank of Japan; b. '68 in Yamanashi-ken; grad. Law at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. with honor. Appointed Councillor of Agr. and Com.; raised to Dir. of Industrial Bureau of the Dep't which he resigned '98. Was appointed to the present post '02. — p. 271 ([scan leaf 300](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n300/mode/1up))

**Shoda, Heigoro** b. in Oita-ken; was one of the most trusted confidants of the late Mr. Fukuzawa, Japan's greatest educationalist, was one of his assist. teachers in the inception stage of his famous institution, Keio Gijuku. Then entered the Mitsubishi firm, soon after its inception and has perhaps done than any other employe of the establishment in carrying its business to the present state of prosperity. He has now charge of the Nagasaki Dockyard owned by the Mitsubishi firm. — p. 271 ([scan leaf 300](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n300/mode/1up))

**Soda, Kinsaku** one of the prominent merchants of Yokohama, b. Oct. '50 in Kozuke, laid the basis of his present wealth through transactions in raw silk early in the era. Founded his family bank, Soda Bank, in '96, and has rendered valuable services in all matters of public interests in that city. — p. 271 ([scan leaf 300](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n300/mode/1up))

**Soga, Sukenori, Lieut.-Gen. (retired), Viscount** (cr. '84), President of the Nippon Railway Co. and Member of the House of Peers since '91, b. Nov. '43 in Saga-ken; entered early the Imp. Army; took distinguished part as Commander of a brigade on the occasion of civil war of '77; was subsequently a Divisional Commander at various places; held for a while the post of Vice-Chief of the General Staff. Retired from active service about '87, was once chief military tutor and aide de camp of the Crown Prince. He is one of the strongest members in the Upper House. — p. 271 ([scan leaf 300](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n300/mode/1up))

**Sone, Arasuke, Baron** (cr. 1902), Minister of Finance, b. Jan. '49 in Choshu; was despatched to France to study military tactics '72–'77, but soon left Army and entered the civil service. Was Councillor of the Legislative Bureau and held other posts '81–'90; chief secretary of the Lower House '90, and M.P. for Yamaguchi '92 when he was elected Vice-President of the House. Then he re-entered the Gov. service and represented Japan at Paris '93–'97; accepted the portfolio of Justice '98 in the 3rd Ito Cabinet; Minister of Agr. and Com. '98–'00 in the Yamagata Cabinet. The chairs occupied by him in the present Ministry may be seen from the Ministerial schedule shown elsewhere. — p. 271 ([scan leaf 300](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n300/mode/1up))

**Sonoda, Kokichi** banker, President of Dai Jugo Ginko (15th Bank), b. Jan. '48 in Satsuma. Entered the Foreign Office as clerk '71, and subsequently stayed in London for about 16 years first as Consul and then Consul-Gen. Elected President of the Yokohama Specie Bank '90, and transferred to the present post '98. — p. 272 ([scan leaf 301](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n301/mode/1up))

**Sonoda, Yasukata, Baron** (cr. '97), Governor of Hokkaido, Member of the House of Peers, b. Sept. '50 in Satsuma. Was long connected with the Police affairs, having held the post of Police-Gen. of Tokyo twice. Was appointed to the present post '99. — p. 272 ([scan leaf 301](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n301/mode/1up))

**Soyeda, Juichi** Hogaku-hakushi, President of the Industrial Bank of Japan, b. Aug. '64 in Fukuoka-ken. Reputed as a Prodigy of genius when a child on account of his precocious caliographic talent. Grad. the course of Pol. Economy of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '86; further prosecuted his studies at Cambridge, England. Was appointed a Councillor of the Treasury on his return home; promoted from one higher post to another in the same office till he filled the vice-ministership at the time of the Okuma-Itagaki Cabinet '98. On the fall of this Cabinet he retired from the Gov. service; was appointed President of the Formosan Bank June '99 when that bank was inaugurated; removed to the chairman of the Organization Com. of the Japan Industrial Bank and appointed its President on its being formally started '02. He took active part in the monetary reform work. — p. 272 ([scan leaf 301](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n301/mode/1up))

**Sufa, Kimihira** Governor of Kanagawa-ken, Member of the House of Peers since '90, b. Dec. '48 in Choshu. Was Secretary of Justice Dep't '76; promoted to one higher post to another till in time he was appointed Chief Secretary of the Cabinet. About '87 he was appointed Councillor to the Legation, Italy and after returning home he was appointed Gov. of Hyogo-ken and afterward to the present post. — p. 272 ([scan leaf 301](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n301/mode/1up))

**Sugi, Kyoji** Hogaka-hakushi, b. in '28 at Nagasaki, is one of the earliest statisticians of Japan. Left Gov. service '83 and has since devoted himself to his special study. — p. 272 ([scan leaf 301](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n301/mode/1up))

**Sugi, Magoshichiro, Viscount** (cr. '87), Privy Councillor, b. Jan. '35 in Choshu; took active part in the work of the Restoration, but has subsequently pursued a quieter career generally connected with the Imperial Court. Was Lord Steward of the late Empress Dowager's Household; then the Treasurer of the Imp. Household. Was appointed Privy Councillor '97. — p. 272 ([scan leaf 301](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n301/mode/1up))

**Sugimura, Fukashi** Japanese Minister at Rio Janeiro, b. Feb. '53 at Morioka; was Clerk at Fusan '79, Consul at Vancouver '89; Secretary of Legation at Seoul '95 when the assassination of the Queen took place. He with his superior V't Miura was arrested on charge of complicity in the affair but was soon acquitted on examination. Was appointed Commissioner of the Formosan Gov. General's Office '96; transferred to the Director of Com. Bureau, Foreign Office '98–'03, to be accredited to Brazil as Minister Resident '04. — p. 272 ([scan leaf 301](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n301/mode/1up))

**Sugimura, Toraichi** Minister Plen. at Mexico, b. '57 at Kanazawa; took service at Justice Dep't '75; removed to the Foreign Office '85. Appointed Secretary of the Legation at Rome '87, removed to Paris '91, to St. Petersburg '92, to Vienna '94–'98, again to St. Petersburg '98–'02; finally promoted to the present post. — p. 273 ([scan leaf 302](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n302/mode/1up))

**Sugita, Tei-ichi** M.P., leader of Seiyukai, b. June '51 in Fukui-ken; is one of the dwindling class of old Liberals who struggled for the cause of freedom by sacrificing personal convenience and comfort. With the advent of Parliament '90 his past exertions were rewarded with election to the House where he continues to sit almost without a break. Was appointed Gov. of Hokkaido by the Okuma-Itagaki Cabinet '98, and was elected Vice-President of the House '02–'03. — p. 273 ([scan leaf 302](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n302/mode/1up))

**Sumitomo, Kichizaemon** b Dec. '64 at Kyoto, represents one of the oldest millionaire families in Japan. Is a younger brother of Marquises Tokudaiji and Saionji, but was adopted by the family. Once sat in the House of Peers as representative for the highest tax payers of Osaka. The family runs the Sumitomo Bank (Cap. Y. 1,000,000 and Res. Y. 2,500,000), copper mining and smelting, and also colliery. — p. 273 ([scan leaf 302](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n302/mode/1up))

**Suyematsu, Kencho, Baron** (cr. '95), Bungaku-hakushi, Member of the House of Peers, b. Aug. '55 in Fukuoka-ken; started public career as writer on the staff of the Nichi Nichi. Drew Marquis Ito's notice for his uncommon qualities, and through his recommendation he was appointed Chancelier of the Legation at London, where he turned his leisure fully to advantage by attending lectures by famous men. Finally he obtained leave to study at Cambridge. Was a M.P. from his native district '90–'95; Director of the Legislative Bureau '92–'96. During the Japan-China War he was sent to Seoul on some important diplomatic mission which procured for him the patent of Barony. Was the Minister of Communication of the Ito Cabinet '98; Minister for the Interior '00–'01 of the Seiyukai Ministry. Soon after the outbreak of hostilities he was sent to England where he continues to reside. Is a son-in-law of Marquis Ito whose eldest daughter is Baroness Suyematsu. — p. 273 ([scan leaf 302](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n302/mode/1up))

**Suzuki, Tozaburo** M.P., President of the Japan Sugar Refining Co., b. Nov. '55 in Shizuoka-ken; has made himself famous of late for his inventive ingenities, having invented a candy manufacturing machine, lemonade manuf'ing process, sugar refining machine, etc. Started a sugar refinery in '95 which is now one of the best paying concerns in Tokyō. Was returned from Shizuoka to the House '03. — p. 273 ([scan leaf 302](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n302/mode/1up))

**Tajiri, Inajiro, Baron** (cr. '96), Hogaku-hakushi, Chief of the Board of Audit, b. at Kyoto, June '50; grad. Yale Univ., U.S.A. in '79; appointed Councillor of the Finance Dep't '81; afterwards Dir. of Loan and other Bureau. Was twice Vice-Minister of Finance '92–'97 and '98–1901. He undertakes teaching on political economy at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. and other institutions, and enjoys as great a reputation as a scientist as he is as an executive officer. Has written several works on political economy. — p. 273 ([scan leaf 302](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n302/mode/1up))

**Takagi, Kenkwan, Baron** (cr. '05), Igaku-hakushi, Member of the House of Peers, since '92, b. in Satsuma, Sept. '49; studied medicine in England, and was connected with the Naval Surgery from which he retired '92 after having held the topmost medical post, that of Surgeon - General, in the service. It was during his tenure of office that he adopted barley-rice mixed ration in place of rice alone for fleet as a preventive against the leg dropsy, which had prevailed extensively among men and officers of the fleet, and succeeded in putting a stop to this annoying disease. On retiring from the service he, with the help of persons charitably disposed, organized the Tokyo Charity Hospital, one of the most perfectly arranged medical institutions in Japan. Several years later he opened the Tokyo Hospital as his own private enterprise. — p. 273 ([scan leaf 302](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n302/mode/1up))

**Takagi, Toyozo** Hogaku-hakushi, Member of the House of Peers, lawyer, b. May '52 in Tamba; was connected with the Bench till '98, holding the post of Vice-Minister of Justice at that time. From that time till present he is practising law in Tokyo. — p. 274 ([scan leaf 303](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n303/mode/1up))

**Takasaki, Masakaze, Baron** Privy Councillor, b. July '36 in Satsuma; took some active part in the work of the Restorarion, and was despatched early in the era to Europe to investigate some state affairs. Has subsequently been connected with the Imperial Household chiefly on account of his eminence in Japanese poetry, he occupying the post of chief of the Poetry Section in the Court in addition to that of a Privy Councillor. His son and heir, Lieutenant of the Navy, was killed at Port Arthur. — p. 274 ([scan leaf 303](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n303/mode/1up))

**Takahashi, Sakuyei** Hogaku-hakushi, b. in Nagano-ken; grad. Politics at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '94, studied International Law at the Univ. Hall; was legal adviser to Adm. Ito, Commander of the Combined Squadrons, at the time of the Japan-China War; proceeded to England where he studied International Law '97–'01. Is a Prof. at his alma mater after his return home. Wrote several works bearing on international law, and is one of the “7 University Jingoes” who first sounded the toscin of war in the present hostilities. — p. 274 ([scan leaf 303](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n303/mode/1up))

**Takahashi, Shinkichi** President of the Hypothec Bank of Japan, Member of the House of Peers, b. Aug. '47 in Satsuma; was a secretary of the Treasury '74 and was afterward appointed Customs Chief at Nagasaki, Kobe, Osaka, etc. Transferred to the Consular service and was appointed Consul at New York, then recalled to be given the post of a Bureau Director in the Dep't of Agr. and Com. Left Gov. service and held post of President of the Kyushu Rly. on its inauguration, and then transferred to the present post 1900. — p. 274 ([scan leaf 303](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n303/mode/1up))

**Takahira, Kogoro** b. Jan. '54 in Iwate-ken. Has been exclusively connected with the Foreign Office, entering first as translator '76; Legation secretary at Washington '79–84; removed to Seoul '84; appointed Consul at Shanghai '87–'90; Consul-Gen. at New York 91; Minister Resident at the Hague '92; Envoy Extr. and Min. Plenip. accredited to the court of Rome '94, to be transferred to Vienna shortly after. Was appointed Vice-Minister under Viscount Aoki '99, and the following year appointed Envoy Extr. and Min. Plen. at Washington where he has just been appointed junior Peace Plenipotentiary. — p. 274 ([scan leaf 303](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n303/mode/1up))

**Takamatsu, Toyokichi** Kogaku-hakushi, b. at Tokyo, Sept. '52; studied chemistry in England and Germany '79–'84; held long a chair at the Col. of Eng. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. combining post of Patent Comptroller. From '03 to this day he is Manag. Dir. of the Tokyo Gas Works. — p. 274 ([scan leaf 303](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n303/mode/1up))

**Takamura, Ko-un** b. Feb. '52 at Tokyo, is one of the master glyptists of the day, and has been Prof. at the Gov. Fine Art School at Uyeno. Undertook the casting of a figure of “Nanko” erected in front of the Imp. Palace and also that of the elder Saigo in Uyeno Park. Is an Art Commissioner to the Imp. Household. — p. 275 ([scan leaf 304](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n304/mode/1up))

**Takashima, Kayemon** one of the new-made millionaires, b. Nov. '32 at Tokyo; and carried out import business early in the era and had the misfortune of being thrown into prison on the charge of having transacted with foreigners without permission. It was during his confinement that he devoted lonely hours to the investigation of the Japanese art of divination, he being regarded as the best master in this quaint “science.” of guessing. On being released he resumed business, the country having been in the meanwhile opened to foreign intercourse; reclaimed several hundreds of acres of land between Yokohama and Kanagawa, that part of land seaward from the Gov. Rly. line and bearing the name “Takashima Street” being his work. This land he presented to the Gov. Was one of the founders of the Yokohama Gas Works, and once held the chair of President of the Hokkaido Tanko Rly. and other business concerns. — p. 275 ([scan leaf 304](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n304/mode/1up))

**Takashima, Tomonosuke, Viscount** (cr. '84), Lieut.-Gen. (retired), Privy Councillor, b. in Satsuma, Nov. '44; Colonel in '74; Major Gen. in '77 as Brigade Commander took active part in the Civil War of that year. Was appointed '83 Commander of Kumamoto Army Division and then at Osaka. Twice entered Cabinet as Minister of War first in '91–'92 and next in '96–'97 and was the Minister of the short-lived Colonial Dep't that was created soon after the Japan-China War and abolished about a year or two later. — p. 275 ([scan leaf 304](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n304/mode/1up))

**Takata, Sanai** Hogaku-hakushi, b. Mar. '60 at Tokyo; grad. Law at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '82, and has ever since been connected with the Waseda Univ. which was started the same year by Count Okuma. Is one of the leading members of the Prog. though he has for years past rather kept aloof from active politics and devoted himself to affairs of the Univ. of which he is the Vice-President. Was Director of the Commercial Bureau, Foreign Office '96–'97, and the Senior Councillor of Education '98. He has repeatedly been returned to the House from Saitama-ken. — p. 275 ([scan leaf 304](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n304/mode/1up))

**Takata, Shinzo** b. '55 in Sado; was for years a banto of a foreign firm at Yokohama in the early part of the '70th. He started import business on his own account about '80, chiefly in the line of machines and machineries, and and has, by his prudence and persevering efforts, attained the present prosperity. — p. 275 ([scan leaf 304](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n304/mode/1up))

**Taketomi, Tokitoshi** M. P., leader of the Progressive Party, b. Dec. '55 in Saga-ken; was an obscure politician of local reputation before he began to sit in the House to which he has been returned almost without a break from the first session '90. His acute insight and great power of decision soon attracted the notice of the public in and out of the House, till he soon rose to be a prominent member of the Progressive Party. Was Dir. of the Com. and Ind'al Bureau, Dep't of Agr. and Com. in the Matsukata-Okuma Ministry '96–'97, and Chief Secretary of the Cabinet in the Okuma-Itagaki Ministry. His aristocratic mien once won for him a sobriquiet, “Marquis of Benikiya” (hotel where he used to take up his quarters). He is reputed to possess the best financial talent among all the Progressive members. — p. 275 ([scan leaf 304](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n304/mode/1up))

**Tanahashi, Aya** born Feb. 1839 at Osaka; is one of the most noted lady educationalists; besides teaching at the Gov. Higher Girls Normal School and other places she keeps her own private girls' school. Her son, Mr. Ichiro Tanahashi, ex-M.P., maintains the tradition of the family, keeping a flourishing private boys' school of secondary education. — p. 276 ([scan leaf 305](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n305/mode/1up))

**Tanabe, Sakuro** Kogaku-hakushi, b. Nov. '62 at Tokyo; grad. '84 the Gov. Engineering Col. subsequently united to the Univ., and was commissioned by the Local Office of Kyoto to take charge of the work of connecting Lake Biwa with the river Kamo by canal. The work was successfully carried out '90. Was Prof. of the Eng. Col. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ., then an Engineer to the Hokkaido Government, and lastly a Prof. on Engineering of the Imp. Kyoto Univ. from '00. — p. 276 ([scan leaf 305](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n305/mode/1up))

**Tanaka, Fujimaro, Viscount** (cr. '87), Privy Councillor, b. June '45 at Nagoya. Was the most distinguished Imperialist in the Owari clan and was greatly instrumental in inducing his liege lord, subsequently Marquis Tokugawa, to renounce the cause of the Tokugawa Shogunate. Was appointed to a high post in the Education Dep't soon after the Restoration; Minister of Justice '80–'81, and was next dispatched '84 to Rome as Envoy Extr. Min. Plenip. and next to Paris '87–'90. Again he was given the chair of Justice '91, but resigned soon after and was installed in the Privy Council. — p. 276 ([scan leaf 305](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n305/mode/1up))

**Tanaka, Gentaro** b. Jan. '53 in Kyoto-fu; is a prominent citizen of Kyoto which he frequently represented in the House, and has been a mem. of the House of Peers as representative of the highest tax-payers of the prefecture. He is connected with most leading business establishments in that city. — p. 276 ([scan leaf 305](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n305/mode/1up))

**Tanaka, Ichibei** b. Sept. '38 at Osaka; is connected with several leading business concerns in Osaka and vicinities. — p. 276 ([scan leaf 305](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n305/mode/1up))

**Tanaka, Mitsu-aki, Viscount** (cr. '87), Minister of the Imp. Household, b. Sept. '43 in Tosa. Has had a varied career, having been connected with the Army till '81 when he held the rank of Quartermaster Gen. and retired from active service. Was Chief Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police '89–'91, and the following year transferred to the post of President of the Peers' School, to be shortly after transferred to the office of Vice-Min. of the Imp. Household. He succeeded Count Hijikata in the Ministy of the Household '98 and continues to occupy the chair. His wife, Viscountess Tanaka, who was a leading figure in the ladies' society of Tokyo, was carried away by disease early in the current year. — p. 276 ([scan leaf 305](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n305/mode/1up))

**Tanaka, Shohei** Rigaku-hakushi, b. in Awaji, May '62; studied accoustics at Berlin '84–'98, and received a reward from the Kaizer for his invention of a wind instrument while studying at Berlin He was till lately an officer of the Nippon Rly. Co. owing to lack of a proper post which allows his special talent a full play. He has resigned the place in order to devote himself to some researches which are judged to lead to an important discovery or invention. — p. 276 ([scan leaf 305](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n305/mode/1up))

**Tanakadate, Aikichi** Rigaku-hakushi, b. in Iwate-ken, Sept. '56; after grad. the Col. of Science of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. he proceeded to England and Germany to complete his studies in physics in its bearing to seismology. Has charge of seismology in the Imp. Tokyo Univ., he being one of the foremost specialists in this particular line. — p. 276 ([scan leaf 305](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n305/mode/1up))

**Tani, Tateki, Lieut.-Gen. (retired), Viscount** (cr. '84), Member of the House of Peers, b. Feb. '37 in Tosa, and took active part in the Civil War of the Restoration. It was in another and far more disastrous civil trouble of '77 that the fame of the subject of the sketch suddenly acquired a great eminence, for it was chiefly owing to his stubborn defense of the Castle of Kumamoto where he, then Maj.-Gen., was Commander of the Garrison, that the rebels' programme of marching up eastward was frustrated and they were routed by the Imperial forces that came to the rescue of the beleagured garrison that had been, after the siege of about two months, almost reduced to the verge of starvation. That was the high water mark in the military career of the Gen., for he left the active service not long afterward. He subsequently took to politics and rose to the Ministerial position, having assumed the portfolio of Agr. and Com. '85–'87, but so far his political career has not been a great success as most soldier-statesmen are not the world over. None the less he is a power in the House of Peers where he has been elected without break by fellow Peers of his own rank since the opening of the Diet. — p. 277 ([scan leaf 306](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n306/mode/1up))

**Tatsuno, Kingo** Kogaku-hakushi, b. Aug. '56 at Karatsu; is a pioneer architect who has gone through a regular collegiate education, having grad. Architecture at the defunct College of Engineering afterward merged into the Imperial Tokyo University, and then in England '80–'83. The building of the Nippon Ginko, Parliament and other large edifices were designed and supervised by him. At present he practises his profession, and is a consulting architect to many important offices. — p. 277 ([scan leaf 306](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n306/mode/1up))

**Terao, Hisashi** Rigaku-hakushi, Prof. of Col. of Science of the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. Sept. '55 at Fukuoka; studied mathematics and astronomy in France '79–'83. Holds the present chair from '84, and has been in addition Dir. of the Gov. Observatory at Tokyo. — p. 277 ([scan leaf 306](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n306/mode/1up))

**Terao, Toru** Hogaku-hakushi, Prof. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. Dec. '58 at Fukuoka; was connected with the Bench for some years after grad. the Imp. Tokyo Univ.; was transferred to the Col. of Law of his alma mater '91. Stayed at Brussels '92–'95 to finish his study in science of international law, his special line in which he is a great authority. Resigned his additional post as Councillor of the Foreign Office June '05, he being one of the pronounced “Seven Univ. Jingoes.” — p. 277 ([scan leaf 306](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n306/mode/1up))

**Terasaki, Khogyo** b. Feb. '66. He is one of the most prominent young artists of Japanese painting. — p. 277 ([scan leaf 306](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n306/mode/1up))

**Tera-uchi, Seiki** Lieut.-Gen., Minister of War, b. '50 in Choshu. Entered Army early; was once an attache of our legation at Paris and a personal friend of Kuropatkin. Supervised the transport affairs in the Japan-China War, and was appointed the Insp.-Gen. of Military Education after the war, to be removed later to the post of Vice-Chief of the General Staff. He was installed in the present chair in '02. He has frequently been sent abroad on official business, and on the occasion of the Boxer trouble he was dispatched to north China. — p. 277 ([scan leaf 306](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n306/mode/1up))

**Toda, Ujitomo, Count** (cr. 84; formerly Daimyo); studied in America '71–'76; Legation Councillor '86; Env. Extr. Min. Plenip. accredited to the Court of Vienna. Was afterward removed to the Imp. Household Dep't as Vice-Chief of the Board of Ceremonies. Countess Toda takes an active part in society, and is reputed for great personal beauty. — p. 277 ([scan leaf 306](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n306/mode/1up))

**Togo, Heihachiro, Admiral** A Japanese Nelson in the eyes of Britishers, a Sampson of Sampsons to Americans, a savior of fatherland to us Japanese, the West is not less enthusiastic than the East in doing homage to this annihilator of the Russian fleet and illustrious winner of the greatest naval battle that has ever taken place on this earth. Our hero is pre-eminently a man of action and not of words, and he lets the world judge him by what he has done and not by what he has said. For reserved in disposition, strict in courtesy and intensely sincere in the sense of duty, he is seldom known to have unbosomed his inner self not even to his own family and friends. When, therefore, foreigners who have had a good chance to be brought in direct contact with him could give nothing new about him and have dubbed our hero as “Togo the Silent,” “Togo the Imperturbable” or “Togo the Impenetrable” they have merely confirmed what the public already knew of him. He was b. in Dec. '47, a son of a petty retainer of the Lord of Kagoshima. At 16 he was put on board a small warship owned by the Prince, and at 21 he on board the Kasuga (old), then one of the few ships in the infantine Navy of the Imp. Government just re-established first came under fire in the fight with the now Ad., then the rebel chief, Enomoto's Kwaiten. The latter was beaten and this incident opened Togo's ever victorious record which has just been carried to such pinnacle of fame. For seven years beginning '71 the young officer stayed in England, where he went through a regular training at Greenwich leaving behind him the general impression to those about him that he was a silent studious lad very fond of mathematics. Nothing particular occurred between his return home on board the Hiyei just completed at an English yard to the order of Japan and his sinking of the Chinese transport Kowshing at the very threshold of the Japan-China War, then the Captain of the cruiser Naniwa. That incident, besides revealing his personality especially in regard to the power of resolution, was fraught of grave consequences. The Kowshing, though used as a transport by the Chinese, was a British steamer flying the British flag, while the negotiation between Japan and China had not yet been broken off. The rupture was a foregone conclusion with China, but it was evident that Togo's act on that critical occasion did precipitate it. A story is told that even the late Marquis Saigo, then Minister of Marine, was aghast when the intelligence of the sinking of the Kowshing had reached him and that he repeatedly condemned it to have been rash and reckless. Some conjecture that Togo in taking that resolute course may have been under secret instruction from the late Gen. Viscount Kawakami, Chief of the General Staff, and whose strong representations could at last induce the then Premier, Marquis Ito, to adopt the alternative of war. With the opening of hostilities and the formation of a combined fleet under Adm. Vis. Ito, the cruiser Naniwa was of course denied the chance of acquiring individual renown, and so nothing particularly worth mentioning occurred during the progress of the war to distinguish our hero above his colleagues. On the return of Peace Togo was promoted Rear-Adm. with the 4th Order of Golden Kite, and was attached to one Admiralty after another, till in 1900 he became Vice-Admiral with the command of Maizuru Admiralty. That post he had to exchange with Vice-Adm. Hidaka, then Commander of the Combined Fleet, when the outbreak of hostilities with Russia was imminent. That transfer was received with utmost satisfaction both in naval circles and by general public who were all of opinion that the situation demanded a commander combining great resolution with extreme caution. Vice-Adm. Shibayama, Commander of the Port Arthur Admiralty, is heard to have told somebody that, according to the original arrangement, Togo was to take the command first and then to be succeeded by the Vice-Adm., for it was feared that Togo might either be killed or disabled in battle. Fortunately this anxiety has proved uncalled for, and our hero has come out of the terrible ordeal triumphant and without receiving even a scratch. He was then promoted full Admiral in June. The progress of Togo's operations starting with initial blow dealt on the enemy at Port Arthur on the night of Feb. 8, the sealing of the enemy's base of operation, the scattering of his fleet in the battle fought off Shuntung on Aug. 10th, the annihilation of the proud Baltic Armada in the Battle of the Japan Sea fought on May 27–28—these are, to mention only the prominent items, all occurrences that are still on the lips of all people the world over and would be superflous to describe them here. When the surviving enemy's warships at Port Arthur had all been accounted for by the gunfire from the memorable 203 metre height, Togo, with his Admirals and captains, returned to Tokyo at the express desire of His Majesty. His arrival on Dec. 30th presented a scene such as only a triumphant Adm. welcomed by a grateful nation can produce. Again on Feb. 6th, the anniversary of his first departure against Port Arthur, he left Tokyo on board the flagship Mikasa. The Adm.'s wife is a daughter of Viscount Kaieda, Privy Councillor, two sons and a daughter being born of their wedlock. — p. 278 ([scan leaf 307](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n307/mode/1up))

**Tokudaiji, Sanenori, Marquis** (cr. '84; formerly courtier), Grand Chamberlain and Keeper of the Privy Seal, b. Dec. '39 at Kyoto. Has had an unvaried career, he being connected with the Imperial Household from the inauguration of the Imp. Gov., at one time as Min. of the Household but principally as the Grand Chamberlain which post he occupies for some decades. His devoted faithfulness is duly appreciated by his Imp. master who places in him, it is said, implicit confidence. The Marquis is an elder brother to Marquis Saionji and Mr. Sumitomo, millionaire of Osaka. — p. 279 ([scan leaf 308](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n308/mode/1up))

**Tokugawa, Iyesato, Prince** (cr. '84), President of the House of Peers, b. July '63 at Tokyo, is a third son of Yoriyoshi Tokugawa, the Tayasu branch of the Tokugawa, and was adopted an heir '68 by the last of the Tokugawa Shoguns, himself an adopted heir, on the very next year of the surrender of Regency to the Imp. Court. Studied in England '73–'77; was elected President of the House of Peers '03 where he had began to sit by right of birth soon after he reached majority. The Princess is a sister of the late Prince Konoye. — p. 279 ([scan leaf 308](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n308/mode/1up))

**Tokugawa, Keiki** b. '37, seventh son of the then Prince of Mito, one of the three main scions of the great house of Tokugawa. Installed '66 as 15th Shogun and the last of the illustrious line that was founded by Iyeyasu and of the occupants of the Military Regency started by Yoritomo 1186, the life of the old Prince supplies an unique sight seldom seen elsewhere. He has confronted soon after his succession to the powerful ancestral seat with the national convulsion that had been originated several years before and that was aimed at pulling down the Regency and reinstating the Imp. House to its rightful sovereign seat. But for his enlightened conviction that the time had come to put an end to the anomalous dual system of the trusted authority, the work of Restoration could not have been so readily accomplished at such minimum of bloodshed which was caused by the band of misguided followers of the Tokugawa. After Restoration he has altogether kept aloof from active politics and spent his time in shooting and other manly sports. In '02 he, who had resigned the title of Prince to his adopted son, was granted independently the same title and in future therefore, the great house of Tokugawa will embrace two Princes. — p. 280 ([scan leaf 309](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n309/mode/1up))

**Tokutomi, brothers** Iichiro, journalist, chief editor and proprietor of the Kokumin Shimbun, born January '63 at Kumamoto, of the family of a Chinese scholar; received education at the late Dr. Niejima's Christian, Doshi-sha, Kyoto; sprang into fame by the publication about '86 of “The Future Japan,” which is a lucid exposition of democratic ideas. Issued '87 the monthly magazine entitled “The Friend of the Nation,” subsequently discontinued, and in '90 the “Kokumin” (Nation), a daily paper. His democratic idea has subsequently veered round and he is now, apparently, an apostle of Imperialism and not unfrequently a defender of the non-party Cabinet principle. The fact is he is too shrewd an opportunist to nail his colors to the mast, and though originally a follower of Count Matsukata he keeps himself equally in favor of other elder statesmen. Occupied a high post in the Home Office at the time of the Matsukata-Okuma Cabinet '97, and wrote many books among which the “Life of Yoshida Sho-in” may be mentioned. Kenjiro, (Pen name “Rokwa”), younger of the two brothers, he long helped the elder in journalistic work, chiefly undertaking translation from foreign writings and some times writing stories of his own. Wrote '99 “Namiko,” a novel intended to depict collisions between old and modern ideas of Japan, and it has enjoyed an immense popularity having gone through more than 50 editions and even translated and published in America by a Japanese a couple of year ago. Next followed “Omoi-de-no-ki,” somewhat autobiographic and “Kuroshiwo” (Black Current). The announcement made by him sometime ago that he had severed business connection with his brother surprised the public who wondered what could be the cause of this fraternal dissension. Rokwa's stories have all moral undercurrent running through. — p. 280 ([scan leaf 309](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n309/mode/1up))

**Tomi-i, Masa-akira** Hogaku-hakushi, Member of the House of Peers, b. Sept. '58 at Kyoto; grad. Lyon Univ. in France '83; was connected with the College of Law of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. from '85 to '03. Took active part in the work of codification, and wrote several works in his special line. — p. 280 ([scan leaf 309](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n309/mode/1up))

**Tomioka, Yeisen** b. March '64 in Nagano-ken; is one of the most popular painters of manners and custom, and furnishes illustrations to several dailies. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Tomita, Tetsunosuke** Member of the House of Peers, b. Oct. '35 at Sendai; was appointed Vice-Consul at New York in '73; afterwards Secretary to the Legation at London; transferred to Secretary of the Finance Dep't '81; Vice-Gov. of the Bank of Japan '83, and promoted its Gov. '87 which post he resigned in '89; Governor of Tokyo Prefecture '91–'93. Is now connected with several business establishments. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Tomizu, Hiroto** Hogagu-hakushi, b. June '61 at Kanazawa; studied law in England and Germany '89–'94; is one of the most pronounced of the “Seven University Jingoes,” and surprised the public by his daring expositons of the situation. He undertook a tour through Manchuria shortly before the outbreak of the present War. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Toyokawa, Ryohei** b. '52 in Tosa, and since his grad. from the Keiogijiku has been connected with the Mitsu Bishi with whom he is related by blood. Has charge of the Mitsu-Bishi Banking Dep't, and is a prominent figure in business circles of Tokyo. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Tsuboi, Shogoro** Rigaku-hakushi, Prof. of Col. of Science of the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. Jan. '63 at Tokyo; is the highest authority on anthropology in Japan, and his researches into the relics of Ainu and Korobockle races have awakened a wide interest among scientific circles of the world. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Tsubouchi, Yuzo** Bungaku-hakushi, educationalist, b. May '59 in Gifu-ken; is connected with the Waseda Univ. from its inception, under another title '82, he having grad. Col. of Literature of the now Imp. Tokyo Univ. He is more widely known in public as the first novelist who went through regular univ. education, and his first writing, “Student's Life,” pub. soon after his graduation, though a poor stuff as seen to-day, had an immense vogue on account of its unconventional treatment. Has since pub. several dramas; also works on ethics, and has been devoting his spare hours to the work of reforming Japanese dramas. He is one of the master men of letters. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Tsuda, Umeko** daughter of Tsuda Sen, an agriculturist, b. in '65 at Tokyo; was among the first batch of girls sent to U.S.A. for study by the Imp. Gov. She was only seven years old at that time. Stayed there '71–'82, and on returning home was appointed teacher of the Peerage Girls' School combining post of Interpreter to Her Majesty. Is now the founder and proprietor of the Girls' English School in Kojimachi, Tokyo, which was started some five years ago and enjoys a great popularity. She also started about the same time an English student magazine in conjunction with others. Has subsequently travelled twice to America on official business. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Tsuji, Shinji** Member of the House of Peers, educationalist, b. Jan. '42 in Nagano-ken; entered the Education Dep't '65 and continued in its service till '96 when he, Vice-Minister, resigned. Is the president of a life insurance company, and also chairman of the Japan Edu. Association. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Tsukahara, Osamu** journalist and novelist, b. March '48 at Tokyo; has been connected with Nichi Nichi since '78, and is reputed as one of the foremost writers of romance. — p. 281 ([scan leaf 310](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n310/mode/1up))

**Tsuruhara, Teikichi** b. '55, grad. Law at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '75, and entered the Foreign Office where he was rapidly promoted and was appointed Consul at Shanghai and also at London. Left the Foreign Office and entered the Bank of Japan where he filled the post of Dir. Banking Bureau. Resigned the post '98 and was nominated Mayor of Osaka '02, resigning it in June '05. — p. 282 ([scan leaf 311](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n311/mode/1up))

**Tsuzuki, Keiroku** Chief Secretary of the Privy Council, Member of the House of Peers, b. Dec. '62 at Tokyo. Studied in Germany '82–'85 after grad. from the Imp. Tokyo Univ.; appointed Secre. Legation and Per. Secre. to the Foreign Min. '86. Travelled abroad '89 in the suite of Marquis Yamagata, then Min. of Home Office in which he was subsequently appointed Dir. of Public Works Bureau '94. Again travelled with Marquis Yamagata when the latter was dispatched to Moscow to attend the Tsar Nicholas' coronation ceremony; Vice-Min. of Edu. '97; Env. Extr. Mini. Plen. unattached '98; Vice-Min. of Foreign Affairs '99 under Vis. Aoki and left office owing to some disagreement of views with his chief. Was on the suite of Marq. Ito when he visited Europe '01–'02. Appointed to the present post '03 He is a son-in-law of Count Inonye. — p. 282 ([scan leaf 311](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n311/mode/1up))

**Uchida, Kosai** Japanese Minister at Peking, b. Aug. '65 in Kumamoto-ken; appointed Attaché of the Legation at Washington '87; Per. Sec. to the Mini. of Agr. Com. (C't Mutsu) '90; held a similar post at the Foreign Office when his chief was transferred to it. Was appointed Secr. of Legation at London '93; transferred to a similar post at Peking '95–'97. Recalled home and appointed Dir. of Political Bureau, to be promoted to the Vice-Min. of Foreign Affairs '00, and to be removed to the present post '01. Mrs. Uchida is a daughter of Mr. Dogura, a millionaire of Yamato, and was educated at Vassar Col., U.S.A. — p. 282 ([scan leaf 311](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n311/mode/1up))

**Ume, Kenjiro** Hogaku-hakushi, Prof. of Law at the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. June '60 in Shimane-ken; studied law in France and Germany '86–'89 after grad. the Imp. Tokyo Univ., at which he has been teaching civil and com. laws since '90. Was appointed Dir. of Legislative Bureau '97 and Vice-Min. of Edu. '98. — p. 282 ([scan leaf 311](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n311/mode/1up))

**Un-no, Shomin** Prof. of the Gov. Fine Art Institute at Uyeno, b. May '44 at Mito; is a master glyptist. Is an Art Commissioner to the Imp. Household. — p. 282 ([scan leaf 311](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n311/mode/1up))

**Uno, Hogara** Dr., Igaku-hakushi, b. Oct. '50 in Shizuoka-ken; studied medicine in Germany '89–'92; was Prof. of Col. M. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. but resigned the post to start practise. Is reputed as a first-rate practiser of surgery diseases. — p. 282 ([scan leaf 311](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n311/mode/1up))

**Uryu, Sotokichi** Vice-Admiral, b. '54 at Kanazawa; entered the Navy early and was dispatched to America to complete studies at Annapolis. Rose to the post of Capt. '91 and was appointed naval attache at the French Legation till '96 and so he did not take active part in the Japan-China War, Was subsequently appointed Commander of the Akitsushima, Fuso, Yashima and others. Promoted Rear-Adm. '00 with a post at the Naval Staff Board. Was ordered to take the command of a detachment under Adm. Togo on the outbreak of the present War, the sinking of the Varyag and Koreetz at Ninsen on Feb. 9th by this detachment being well known. He took part in the Battle of Aug. 14th and in that of the Japan Sea, meanwhile promoted to Vice-Adm. The Adm 's wife is a sister of Mr. Masuda, of the Mitsui, and was one of the pioneer girl students sent by Japan to U. S. A. for study. She is a Prof. of the Higher Normal Girls' School. — p. 282 ([scan leaf 311](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n311/mode/1up))

**Ushiba, Takuzo** b. Dec. '50 in Miye-ken; held a clerical post at the Home Office '76; was appointed Adv. to the Korean Gov. '82–'83; Director of the Taxation Bureau, Treasury '83–'87 when he left officialdom to be appointed a Dir. of the Sanyo Rly. of which he is now the Man. Director. Sat in the H. of R. '92–'93. — p. 283 ([scan leaf 312](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n312/mode/1up))

**Wada, Hikojiro** Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, M.P., b. June '59 in Hiroshima-ken; is one of the few politicians who have found their way into officialdom and have developed a marked administrative capability. Was Dir. of the Agri. Bureau, Agr. and Com. Dep't '97–'03; transferred to the Com. and Ind. Bureau, and then raised to the present post. He has sat in the House without break since '92. — p. 283 ([scan leaf 312](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n312/mode/1up))

**Wada, Tsunashiro** b. March '56 in Fukui-ken, is one of the foremost mineralogists and geologists of Japan. Appointed Secr. of the Dep't Agr. and Com., and then promoted Dir. of Mining Bureau. He undertook the founding of the Gov. Steel Works at Wakamatsu '97–'02 and invited considerable public criticism on account of the enormous expenses, many times the original estimate, which the undertaking required. — p. 283 ([scan leaf 312](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n312/mode/1up))

**Wadagaki, Kenzo** Hogaku-hakuhakushi, Prof. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. July '60 at Toyo-oka; grad. Political Economy '80 at the Imp. Tokyo Univ.; despatched to England to prosecute further studies. Appointed '86 to the chair of Political Economy at his alma mater; was assigned the additional post at the Tokyo Higher Com. School, and was removed to the Agr. Col. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ. '98. He is more widely known for his excellent English scholarship than in connection with his speciality; is an Examination Com. of the Foreign Office. — p. 283 ([scan leaf 312](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n312/mode/1up))

**Wakao, Ippei** b. in Yamanashi-ken, Dec. '20; and acquired the present affluence by dealing in raw silk early in the era. Was elected Member of the House of Peers for the highest-tax-payers of his native district. Has founded a family bank (Wakao Bank) and is connected with several business establishments. — p. 283 ([scan leaf 312](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n312/mode/1up))

**Watanabe, Chiaki, Baron** (cr. 1900). Treasurer and Dir. of Estate Bureau of the Imp. Household, b. May '43 in Nagano-ken; took some active part in the work of Restoration and held the post of Sec. at Kagoshima at the time of the outbreak of that disastrous civil war. He was subsequently appointed Gov. of one prefecture or another, till appointed Vice-Min. of Home Office '92. Is reputed as being one of the wealthiest among public servants. He is an elder brother of Vis. K. Watanabe (which see). — p. 283 ([scan leaf 312](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n312/mode/1up))

**Watanabe, Kunitake, Viscount** (cr. '95), ex-Minister of Finance, b. May '46 in Nagano-ken; was early known for his indomitable will and power of strong resolution, and was long connected with the Treasury till he rose to be Vice-Min. '89–'92 and next to the principal post '92–'94. It was in consideration of his service during the Japan-China War that he was created Viscount on the return of peace. Was temporarily transferred to the chair of Communications and soon restored to the original chair of Finance which he left '95. He was Marquis Ito's right-hand man when he undertook the organization of the “model party” '0[illegible], having held the post of chairman of the Organization Committee. Some estrangement took place between the two, for the Vis't resigned the chairmanship; but when the Marquis organized his Ministry he was given the chair of Finance. The Ministerial opinion began to be divided over the question of financial adjustment, the Vis't as director of financial affairs insisting that a radical pruning must be applied to the swelling Gov. expenditure while his colleagues opposing this decisive measure with equal vehemence. The Premier was at a loss what to do and as a last resort he resigned and his Ministry suffered a miserable end. The adoption by the succeeding Finance Minister of a retrenchment measure similar to that proposed by the subject of this sketch seems to indicate that he was in the right in that notorious Ministerial dissension. The Viscount is a great votarist of the Buddhist doctrine of asceticism, and wrote a little work on Indian philosophy. — p. 283 ([scan leaf 312](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n312/mode/1up))

**Watanabe, Noboru, Viscount** (cr. '87), b. April '38; long connected with the civil service as local Gov. and lastly the Chief of the Board of Audit '84–'00. He is famous as a master of swordmanship. — p. 284 ([scan leaf 313](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n313/mode/1up))

**Watanabe, Shotei** b. in '51 at Tokyo, and is celebrated for his delicate style of painting, on such subjects as landscapes, flowers, birds, etc. Is an Art Commissioner to the Imp. Household. — p. 284 ([scan leaf 313](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n313/mode/1up))

**Watase, brothers** Shozaburo, Prof. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. at Numazu in '63; grad. Sapporo Agr. Col. '84, and after studying for a little while his special subject of zoology at the Imp. Tokyo Univ., was despatched to John's Hopkin's Univ. by the Gov. On graduation he was appointed Lecturer by the Chicago Univ. where he remained till 1900, when he returned home and was soon after given the present chair at the Univ. here. His scientific reseaches have awakened wide interest among the scientific circles of the world. Torajiro, elder of the two, b. at Numazu '60; grad. Sapporo Agr. Col. '80. Was connected with educational work at Tokyo and in the provinces; then started business as seed-grower and importer and exporter of farming requisites. Sits in the Municipal Council. — p. 284 ([scan leaf 313](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n313/mode/1up))

**Yamagata, Aritomo, Marshal, Marquis** (granted '95), Chief of General Staff, Privy Councillor, and one of the elder statesmen, was b. April '38 in Choshu. Perhaps of all the elder statesmen now alive, as he is the eldest so he has undertaken greater share than any other in the great cause of the Restoration. He was one of the ablest captains when the clan of Choshu had to defend itself against the invasion of the Army of the Tokugawa Shogunate a year before the Imp. Gov. was restored to power; and when the Imp. Army was sent against the clan of Aizu, the last champions of the fallen Tokugawa, he was its chief staff officer who practically directed the operation. With such past service to recommend him, he was appointed a Major-Gen. and a junior Vice-Minister of War by the Imp. Government. For some considerable period he was solely connected with the Army; was promoted Lieut.-Gen. '72 and the Minister of War '73. In the civil war of '77 the Marshal was given the most important post of chief of staff of the Army of subjugation commanded by the late H. I. H. Prince Arisugawa. He sat frequently in the chair of the Chief of the General Staff and of War, but soon circumstances obliged him to undertake various civil posts, chiefly connected with Home Affairs and Justice Department. In the former he elaborated the present self-government system while in connection with the latter his appointment was expressly for the purpose of effecting thorough reforms in the Bench and of eliminating superannuated Judges and Procurators. His tour through Europe and America '88–'89 was undertaken with the special object of studying the local self-government system and the constitution of civil corporations. On the outbreak of the Japan-China War the Imp. Army wanted his service and he was sent to the front as commander of the 1st Army. He proceeded as far as the Yalu, but his ill-health compelled to return home, the command devolving on Gen. Nozu. On the close of the War he became a Marquis and was further granted the 2nd Order of the Golden Kite. The sudden rise of the prestige of Japan in consequence of the conquest over China made it necessary for Japan to adopt so far as circumstances admitted the policy of conciliation towards Russia who had began to view the new Power as a serious obstacle lying in her path of aggrandisement in the Far East. The Marshal was dispatched to attend the Coronation ceremony of Tsar Nicholas '96, and to conclude some agreement with Russia in regard to Korea which had already become a bone of contention between the two Powers. The result was the Yamagata-Lobanow Convention (see Chap. “Diplomacy”). The career of the Marshal so singularly intermixed with military and civil affairs had in the meanwhile become more and more leaning towards the latter. Already he undertook the arduous task of forming a Ministry '89–'91, when his long military custom of strict discipline landed him more than once into scrapes with the freedom-loving members. As might have been expected from his long military career, he hates political parties and is a pronounced opponent of the principle of party Cabinet. Quite an excited debate is said to have occurred in the presence of the Emperor between him and Marquis Ito when the latter, on resigning his third Premiership expressed his intention to recommend the leaders of the Opposition, Counts Okuma and Itagaki, to form a ministry as successors. The Marquis' idea prevailed and the Marshal was vexed to see the hated party leaders installed in the Cabinet. The Marshal and his followers secretly watched an opportunity to pull down the party ministry, and the latters' internal dissension soon enabled them to attain their purpose. The Marshal, under the circumstances, was obliged to undertake the task of forming a Ministry '98–'00, and his second Ministerial career left behind it an odious fame and positive mischief, for the Marshal, in order to seek the support of party men, stooped to underhand practices of corruption. But corruption only served to stimulate the greed of the mercenary members, and when they could no longer get “satisfaction” from the Government, they turned round and swelled the rank of the Opposition, till the Ministry was obliged to resign. The Marshal's political career outwardly ended with this second Premiership, but in reality such is his potential power he enjoys and so numerous are his trusted followers, that the present Katsura Cabinet may practically be said as the Yamagata Ministry except in name, the Premier himself being one of his most trusted lieut. Indeed the Katsura Cabinet would have fallen long ago but for the veteran Marshal's support from behind. The Marshal's tact and strong magnetic power combined with his paternal kindness endear him to all who are brought in contact with him. His conservative ideas are naturally opposed to the principle held by Marquis Ito, and the recent ministerial changes may therefore be said as outcome of rivalry between the two statesmen. On the outbreak of the present War the Marshal was ordered to succeed Marshal Oyama as Chief of the General Staff. He was granted the Grand Order in '02. The Marchioness died some years ago and he has been a widower since. He has adopted a son as heir, as he had no issue. (Consult “Marquis Ito.”) — p. 284 ([scan leaf 313](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n313/mode/1up))

**Yamagata, Isaburo** Vice-Minister of Home Affairs, b. Dec. '57 in Choshu; held various subordinate posts in the Central Government and served as Gov. in several provinces. Was appointed to the present post soon after the formation of the Katsura Ministry. He is an adopted son and heir of Marshal Marquis Yamagata. — p. 286 ([scan leaf 315](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n315/mode/1up))

**Yamakawa, Kenjiro** Rigaku-hakushi, President of the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. July '54 at Aizu; studied physics in America and Europe, and has been connected with the present institution ever since his return in '72. — p. 286 ([scan leaf 315](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n315/mode/1up))

**Yamamoto, Gombei** Minister of the Navy, Admiral, Baron, (cr. '02), b. Oct. '52 in Satsuma; is one of the pioneer graduates of the Naval Academy which he left '77; promoted to Lieut. '80; Captain '86 and commanded the Takao, Takachiho, and some others. His service afloat ended and he was soon transferred to the Naval Office first as Personal Secretary of the Minister; promoted as Director of a Bureau; Vice-Minister '96 when he was promoted to Rear-Adm. and Minister from '98 to this day, having been appointed to full Admiral '04. The Admiral is reputed to be a man of great vigor of mind, of tact and, in short, of statesmanlike capacity. He is the best speaker of all the Ministers and stands comparison in this respect with the ablest orators in the two Houses. Some say that but for his strong remonstrance the elder statesmen might have hesitated in adopting a resolute course about the Russo-Japanese negotiation and that Japan might have been anticipated by her adversary in taking the field. At any rate the public will not be surprised to see the Admiral installed in the Premier's chair anytime. — p. 286 ([scan leaf 315](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n315/mode/1up))

**Yamamoto, Kametaro** b. Aug. '47 at Osaka; is the greatest Japanese tea-merchant in Kobe, having made the present fortune through his direct export of tea early in the era. Did much to open tradal relation between Japan and Australia. He is the chairman of the Kobe Chamber of Commerce and is a leading figure in the business circles of Kobe and Osaka. — p. 286 ([scan leaf 315](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n315/mode/1up))

**Yamamoto, Tatsuo** Member of the House of Peers, ex-Gov. of the Bank of Japan, b. March '56 in Oita-ken; was connected with educational work from '80 to '82 when he entered the Mitsubishi Firm and was appointed a Director of the Yusen Kaisha which was created on the amalgamation of the Mitsubishi with the rival company. Left the Yusen Kaisha '90 and entered the Bank of Japan in which he was appointed Dir. of Banking Bureau, to be nominated Governor '98; was relieved of the post '03 when the term expired. He was nominated the member of the Upper House in Nov. of the year. — p. 286 ([scan leaf 315](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n315/mode/1up))

**Yamase, Sho-in** Prof. of the Music Acad. at Uyeno, b. July '45; is a master-player of Japanese Koto. — p. 287 ([scan leaf 316](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n316/mode/1up))

**Yano, Fumio** b. '50 in Oita-ken. Has had a varied career; first began his active life as Sec. of Finance '78–'81 and won the confidence of his chief, Count Okuma, with whose resignation he left office and was for some while a leader of the political party organized by the Count. Wrote a political novel delineating the life of Ancient Greece and it enjoyed a great popularity. Then he visited Europe and America, and on returning became chief editor of the Hochi. Entered the Imperial Household '90 as Dir. of Imp. Archives; removed to Min. of Peking '97–'99. He has lately returned to journalism as editor of one or two illustrated magazines, and has somewhat turned to a socialist philosopher. He is more a man of letters than a politician. — p. 287 ([scan leaf 316](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n316/mode/1up))

**Yano, Jiro** Member of the House of Peers, “father of commercial education in Japan,” b. Jan. '45 at Tokyo; was appointed on the suite of the Envoy sent to Europe by the Tokugawa Shogunate '62, and was a drill officer of cavalry in the Shogunate service. He was appointed charge d' affairs at Washington '73–'75 while the Minister, then the late V't Mori, was recalled home. From '76 to '93 he devoted himself solely to the cause of commercial education, having at first started a commercial school at his expense. That institution was the forerunner of the present Tokyo Higher Com. Col. with which he was connected as Dir. from its inception from '87 to '93 when he resigned. He was nominated the member of the Upper House '04. — p. 287 ([scan leaf 316](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n316/mode/1up))

**Yashima, Kajiko** a famous lady educationist, b. April '34 at Kumamoto. Is the principal of the Joshi Gaku-in (Girls' School) which she founded in Tokyo some ten years ago. She has devoted herself to the work of elevating the ideal of women and of reclaiming the erring sisters. She was one of the principal promoters of the Society for the Suppression of Vice. — p. 287 ([scan leaf 316](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n316/mode/1up))

**Yasuda, Zenjiro** is a millionaire who sprang from obscurity has acquired the present affluence, greatest perhaps next to the Mitsui and the Mitsubishi. He was b. Oct. '38 in Toyama-ken, and was an apprentice at a shop in Yedo and finally opened an exchange shop on his own account. This was enlarged in scope and elevated to a bank. He has founded several other banks and has moreover lent his powerful backing in the starting of the Tokyo Fire Insurance Co., the Imp. Marine Insurance Co. and the Kyosai Life Insurance Co. Being a public spirited man he does not spare to furnish fund to any useful undertaking. The fund required in the Osaka Harbor Works was almost wholly supplied by him. He is a business man of extraordinary integrity and diligence. — p. 287 ([scan leaf 316](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n316/mode/1up))

**Yasuhiro, Ban-ichiro** Member of the House of Peers, b. Nov. '59 in Fukuoka-ken; s. at Cambridge, England, '87, after grad. Law at the Imp. Tokyo Univ. Long held the secretaryship at the Cabinet, Home Office and others; was the Chief Secretary of the Yamagata Cabinet '98–'00, and held the post of Vice-Min. of Agr. and Com. '01–'03. — p. 287 ([scan leaf 316](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n316/mode/1up))

**Yokoi, Tokiyoshi** Nogaku-hakushi, Prof. of the Agr. Col. of the Imp. Tokyo Univ., b. Jan. '60 at Kumamoto; has done much in improving our agriculture and also written several important works on the subject. — p. 288 ([scan leaf 317](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n317/mode/1up))

**Yokota, Kuniomi** Public Procurator-Gen. of the Court of Cassation, b. Aug. '50 in Oita-ken; entered the service of Justice early in which he undertook both executive business and also that of the Bench. Studied in Germany '86–'91. — p. 288 ([scan leaf 317](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n317/mode/1up))

**Yoshikawa, Akimasa, Viscount** (cr. '96), Minister of Home Affairs, Member of the House of Peers, b. Dec. '41 at Tokushima; entered the civil service early in the reign, and after having held various posts in the Treasury, Home Office and others was appointed the Gov. of Tokyo and then Vice-Min. of Home Affairs. Then began his ministerial career, first as Minister of Edu. '90, Justice '93–'96, Home Office '91–'96, Communications twice '98 – '00 and '01–'03, Home Office '04. Being equally acceptable both to Marquis Ito and Marquis Yamagata, he is considered as a convenient candidate whenever a vacancy occurs in a Ministerial chair. — p. 288 ([scan leaf 317](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n317/mode/1up))

**Yoshino, Seikei** b. Nov. '49 at Tokyo. Undertook for long a conspicuous part in the municipal work of Tokyo, and repeatedly occupied the chair of the Municipal Council. Sat for the city in the House '90–'92. — p. 288 ([scan leaf 317](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n317/mode/1up))

**Yuri, Kinmasa, Viscount** (cr. '87), Member of the House of Peers, b. Oct. '29 at Fukui; filled with credit the arduous post of Treasurer to his clan shortly before the Restoration and that of Min. of Finance of the Imp. Gov. after that grand work had been consummated. It was chiefly through his persevering efforts and judicious management that the Gov. could pay its way at the initial stage of its restoration. He was not a mere financier, but a statesman as well, for the celebrated “Five Articles of Oath” concerning the internal reform publicly sworn by the Emperor at his coronation was a result of the Viscount's representation. From one reason or another he retired from active politics not long after. — p. 288 ([scan leaf 317](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n317/mode/1up))

**Zumoto, Motosada** editor of Japan Times, b. '62 in Hoki Province, and grad. Sapporo Agr. Col. '84. Sewed the Japan Mail as tran. and then entered civil service for a short while at the Foreign Office and next at the Cabinet in which he was twice appointed Per. Sec. to the Premier Marquis Ito. Started the Japan Times '97 in conjunction with three others including the present writer, and it has served a useful purpose of conveying to foreigners Japanese views represented by native writers. Has travelled twice through Europe and America and is a special correspondent of the London Standard. — p. 288 ([scan leaf 317](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n317/mode/1up))

### Foreign Residents in Japan

**Awdry, William** Bishop of the Nippon Seikyokwai, b. '42 and first arrived in Japan '96 as Bishop for Osaka '96–'97; removed '98 to the present post which he continues to occupy. (Add. 8, Sakai-cho, Shiba, Tokyo.) — p. 289 ([scan leaf 318](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n318/mode/1up))

**Brinkley, F., Capt** (R. A. ret.), prop. and edi. of the Japan Mail, b. '41 and first came to Japan '67 as officer of the British Red-Coats who were dispatched as Legation guards. When the guards were withdrawn to Hongkong the young officer choose to remain in Japan where he was appointed principal instructor of the then existing Marine Artillery Col. '71–'76 and as Professor of Pure Mathematics at the Imp. Eng. Col. subsequently amalgamated with the Imp. Univ. '76 – '80 Purchased the Japan Mail '81 from its former prop. and has since devoted himself to journalistic work. Has done invaluable service in championing the cause of Japan and bringing his country and ours into closer relationship that has developed into the present form of alliance. Is the Tokyo correspondent of the London Times and Foreign Adv. to the Nippon Yusen Kaisha, and bears 3rd class of Imp. Jap. Gov. Order of the Sacred Treasure. Mrs. Brinkley is a Japanese lady, of the samurai family of the former clan of Mito. (Add. 3, Hiro-o, Azabu, Tokyo). — p. 289 ([scan leaf 318](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n318/mode/1up))

**Denison** b. in New Haven, U.S.A. and continues in the service of our Foreign Office as Adv. from '80. Was granted the 3rd class of the Rising Sun; 2nd class of the same Order '94; 1st class of the Sacred Treasure '95; was accorded treatment equal to that of Chokunin rank of the Civil Service '96; Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun '02. (Add. Kasumiga-seki, Tokyo). — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Dening, Walter** b. '46; was commissioned by the Edu. Dep't to compile English text-books '85-'89; appointed teacher at Sendai High School '95 and remains so to the present date. Granted the 5th Order of the Rising Sun '03. — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Greene, Rev. D. D** b. at Roxbury (now Boston), Mass., U. S. A. '43 and came to Japan '68 as missionary of the American Board of Commission for Foreign Missions. Is one of the oldest residents in Japan and has done much in promoting her education. Was till recently the President of the Asiatic Society of Japan. (Add. Nakano-cho, Ichigaya, Tokyo). — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Heydrich** Prof. of Imp. Gov. Academy of Music at Uyeno, b. '55, and came to Japan '02; engaged by the Gov. for above service. — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Junker, August** Prof. of Imp. Gov. Academy of Music at Uyeno, and came to Japan '98 first as teacher at the High School, Kanazawa, afterward removed to the present post. (Add. 51, Tsukiji, Tokyo). — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Knapp, A. M** b. '41 in Mass., U. S. A., and came to Japan '87 as unitarian missionary, which post he resigned and became editor of the Japan Advertiser '01. — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Loenholm, L. H., Dr** a German subject, Prof. of Imp. Univ. Tokyo, b. '54 and was engaged by the Gov. as Prof. of Law of said institution. Has done great service for the public by translating into English our Civil and Com. Codes and other important laws and which have been made accessible to foreigners. Bears a member of decorations as the 3rd class of both the Sacred Treasure and the Rising Sun (Japan); 3rd class of the Crown (Germany); 3rd class of the Iron Crown, a rare distinction (Austria); the Order “de l' Académic” and the Order “de l' Austruction Publique” (France). (Add. 1, Minami - cho Shichichome, Aoyama, Tokyo). — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**McIvor, U. W** b. Chevaw, South Carolina, U. S. A. '60, and came to Japan as Consul-Gen. at Yokohama '94–'97, and afterward started business as legal adviser '98. (Add. 62, Bluff, Yokohama). — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Soper, Rev., Julius** b. Maryland, U. S. A. 145 and came to Japan '73 on mission work of the Methodist Episcopal church. Is a founder of the Aoyama Gakuin, a well-known Christian institution. (Add. Aoyama Gakuin, Aoyama, Tokyo). — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Terry, H. T., Prof** b. Hartford, Conn. U. S. A.; came to Japan first '77, returned home '84 and again came '94; engaged on both occasions as Prof. Law of the Imp. Univ. Tokyo. Has been decorated with the 3rd class of the Sacred Treasure and 4th class of the Rising Sun. (Add. 13 Reinan-saka, Akasaka, Tokyo). — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Pfoundes, Capt. C. J. W** a B. subject b. South of Ireland '26. Entered the Navy early and was in command in the South Seas, etc. and arrived in Japan '54 for benefit of health. Served in British Consulate at Nagasaki and British Legation at Yedo (Tokyo) etc. and held various semi-official posts for Jap. Government. Entered the British Admiralty Whitehall, London until '03, returning to Japan in a Transport. Lectured extensively in England and America on Japanese subjects, and was a founder of the Nippon Institute, now the Japan Society in London. Is one of the few foreigners who have joined Japanese Buddhist sects. (Kitano-cho, Kobe). — p. 290 ([scan leaf 319](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n319/mode/1up))

**Whitney, Dr., W. N** M. D., M. R. C. S., b. '55 U. S. A. citizen and came to Japan '75 on U. S. A. dipl. service in which he held the post of Interpreter '83–'95. In practice of medicine in Tokyo from '83 to present date and is a Foreign Dir. of Akasaka Hospital. He is a great authority on Japan and Japanese and has written several books about Japan. (Add. 17, Hikawa-cho, Akasaka, Tokyo). — p. 291 ([scan leaf 320](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n320/mode/1up))

**Young, Robert** Ed. “Japan Chronicle.” b. '58 in England, is said to have been connected with Sportiswood Printing Office, London, before he came to Japan '85 to manage the “Hiogo News.” Cut connection with it and founded '91 the Kobe Chronicle lately changed to the present title. The Hiogo News was incorporated with its later rival and ceased to exist several years ago. His bold animadversions of the Japanese Gov. policy and doings have often involved him in sharp altercations with other papers published in Japan. (Add. Nakayamate - dori Nichome, Kobe). — p. 291 ([scan leaf 320](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1905/page/n320/mode/1up))