# The Japan Year Book 1920-21 — Chronologies

203 entries, LLM-transcribed. These entries were transcribed by the vision model of Opus 5.5. Before using any of these details, you must verify specific details with the original source which is linked to whenever possible.


## Diary for 1919-20 — Diary (August, 1919—August, 1920)

**1919, Aug. 12** Adm. Baron Saito and Dr. R. Mizuno respectively app[illegible] Gov.-Gen. and Dir.-Gen. of Political Affairs in Korea. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Aug. 24** Marquis Saionji, Japan's Peace Envoy returns home. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Aug. 26** Workmen at the Govt. Yawata Steel Works go on strike. Similar troubles are reported from various quarters as, the strike at the Ashio Copper Mine on Sept. 14, and the "sabotage" at the Kawasaki Dockyard from 18 to 27. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Sept. 26** Gen. Otani, ex-Com.-in-Chief of the Siberian Expedition returns home. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Sept. 6** The organization of the Imp. Academy (Teikoku-Bijutsuin) is gazetted. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Oct. 4** The U. S. Govt. notifies Japan of her evacuation of Siberia. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Oct. 10** Messrs. Kamada, Muto and Masumoto leave Yokohama for Washington to represent Japan in the Labor Conference. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Oct. 13** Mr. K. Shidehara, the new Japanese Ambassador to Washington, leaves with Mr. Saburi, Secretary. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Oct. 22** The Tokyo-Osaka Mail Flight successfully carried out, three aviators taking part. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Oct. 27** The Treaty of Peace is ratified by the Emperor. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 9** The battleship Nagato, 33,800 tons, launched at the Kure Naval Yard. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 9** The general two year service system excepting cavalry announced. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 19** The Enemy Trading Regulations annulled. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 26** Tariffs on such daily necessities as eggs, beef, beans, cotton yarn, cotton cloth, etc., temporarily withdrawn, as a social measure. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Dec. 15** Forest insurance law came first in force. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1919, Dec. 17** Baron Yoshitaro Kawasaki contributes a sum of 1.million yen to Kobe city for creating a mercantile marine school. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 13** The Imp. Rescript issued proclaiming conclusion of the World peace. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 15** Mr. Obata, Japanese Minister to Peking, making overture to the Chinese Govt. for opening negotiations regarding the retrocession of Shantung. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 16** The dispatch of the 13th Division to Siberia announced. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 19** Spanish fever still rife, killing over 300 people in Tokyo. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 24** The notes addressed to China regarding Shantung published. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 31** The diplomatic notes exchanged with the U. S. A. regarding her evacuation of Siberia were published. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Feb. 6** Japanese Labor Union organized. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Feb. 11** The Manhood suffragists held a mass meeting at Uyeno Park, the movement spreading all over the country. — p. 1 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Feb. 12** Mr. Pegler, Czecho-slovak Minister, arrives in Tokyo. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Feb. 25** The Manhood Suffrage Bills introduced by the KenseiKai, Kokuminto and Jikkokai and debated by the full House of Representatives, which was dissolved, the other House being prologued. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Mar. 2** The U. S. bankers' party headed by Mr. W. Lamont arrives at Yokohama. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Mar. 6** A rly. accident on the Joban Line with 28 casualties. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Mar. 8** The Tokorozawa-Seoul Army Flight was carried out. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Mar. 8** Rice soared up to ¥0.70 per sho of the medium quality, the highest on record. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Mar. 15** A heavy fall in the share market, the Tokyo, Osaka and other Exchanges suspending business. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Mar. 17** Strike at the Shibaura Works in Tokyo. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Mar. 29** An alarming news of the massacre of the Japanese troops and civilians at Nikolaievsk on March 18 and 19 first reached home, the victims including Major Ishikawa, the Commander and Mr. Ishii, Consul. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 1** The Tokyo Higher Commercial School promoted to the Univ. status. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 5** Fighting resumed in Habarovsk and other places in Siberia between the Japanese forces and the Reds. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 5** The second slump in the share market, the sitting being adjourned sine die. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 5** Masuda Bill-Broker, Osaka, suspends payment. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 8** Panic set in on all sides, cotton yarn, raw silk, and other staples all involved in the disaster. Weaving centres as Ashikaga, Kiryu, Nishijin, etc., thrown into a chaos. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 12** Baron Iwasaki contributes ¥1,000,000 towards the relief fund of the city of Tokyo. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 15** The Yokosuka-Chinkaiwan Naval Flight commenced. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 20** Prince Higashi-Fushimi leaves for France to study tactics. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 21** The Tokyo-Osaka Non-stop Return Flight successfully carried out. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 24** A party of the distinguished American businessmen headed by Mr. Frank A. Vanderlip reaches Yokohama. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 24** The Tokyo Tramcar-men go on "sabotage" again, the police intervenes. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 24** The Relief Expedition to Nikolaievsk landed at Alexandrovsk, N. Saghalien. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 26** Mr. Uchida, Seamen's delegation, and others leave for Genoa to attend the World's Seamen's Conference. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 28** The wedding ceremony of Prince Yi of Korea and Princess Masako, Nashimoto, celebrated in Tokyo. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Apr. 29** Manufacturers of knitted goods in Tokyo decided to shut up their factories to maintain the price. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 1** A sag in raw silk, resulting in the temporary stoppage of sitting in the Y'hama Silk Exchange. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 2** The Labor Festival first held at Uyeno Park. — p. 2 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 3** The Spinner's Association decides to reduce working hours. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 13** The General Election results in an absolute majority to the Govt. Party. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 15** Count Oki, Mr. Motoda, Mr. Ogawa repectively appointed Min. of Justice, Min. of the Rly Dept. and Dir. of the Census Bureau. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 24** The second atrocity was perpetrated by the Bolsheviks. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 24** Baron Hayashi and Mr. Isaburo Yamagata respectively app. Ambassador to England and Gov. of Kwantung. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 24** The Tokyo Rice Exchange suspends business. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 24** 74 Bank, Pres. Mr. S. Mogi, Yokohama, suspends pay. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 25** The Imp. donation of ¥2,000,000 towards the street improvement fund of Tokyo. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 31** The Rome to Tokyo two Italian aeroplanes reach Tokyo. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, May 31** Dreadnaught Mutsu, 33,8000 tons, launched at Yokosuka. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, June 3** The Japanese Relief Expedition occupies Nikolaievsk. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, June 4** Dr. Henry van Dyke, the eminent American Prof., delivers lectures at the Tokyo Imp. Univ. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, June 10** The Anglo-Japanese Alliance rèmains in force for another year pending negotiations. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, June 14** A gas explosion occurs at the Yubari Coal Mine killing over 200 miners. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, June 15** The Notes on Shantung exchanged between Japan and China published. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, June 17** Baron Gen. Ishiguro, Pres. of the Red Cross of Japan appointed Privy Councillor. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, June 18** Viscount K. Hatano. Min. of the Imp. Household resigns, being succeeded by Baron Gen. Yujiro Nakamura. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, June 23** H. R. H. Crown Prince Carol of of Rumania arrives at Tokyo and met by H. I. H. the Crown Prince at the station. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, July 1** An extraordinary session of the Diet duly opend. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, July 3** Govt. announces the temporary occupation of Saghalien and the evacuation of the Trans-Baikal Provinces. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, July 29** The local self-Govt. of Korea promulgated. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, July 30** The extraordinary session of the Diet duly closed. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Aug. 4** Dr. Solf, the first German Ambassador to Japan since the war arrives in Tokyo. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Aug. 16** Viscount Ishii, the New Ambassador to Paris leaves home for the post. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Aug. 17** Storm raged in Kyushu and Shikoku, over 190 killed in Kochiken alone. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Aug. 21.-22** Ringleaders of the Assassin's League in Seoul arrested. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Aug. 28** The withdrawal of the 5th Div. from the Trans-Baikal Provinces completed. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Aug. 30** Ikaho, well-known spa, reduced to ashes. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Sept. 3** A party of the U. S. Congressmen reaches Tokyo. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))

**1920, Sept. 7** Honor list about the conclusion of Peace gazetted; Marquis Saionji raised to Prince, and many others created Peers or raised in Court rank. — p. 3 ([scan leaf 62](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n62/mode/1up))


## Obituary for 1919-20 — Obituary 1919-'20

**1919, Sept. 6** Mr. Kobei Abe, Importer & exporter, Y'hama, aged 73. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Sept. 11** Baron Ichizaemon Morimura, banker & Christian businessman, aged 81. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Oct. 24** Gen. Akashi, Gov.-Gen. of Formosa, aged 55. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 1** Soen Shaku, famous Zen priest passed away at Kamakura. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 3** Count Terauchi, ex-Premier, aged 68. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 20** Dr. Kuhara, Pres. of the Kyoto Imp. Univ. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 25** Marquis Takamaro Nakayama, former Lord Steward to Crown Prince, aged 56. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 25** Mr. Eitaro Komatsubara, Privy Councillor, aged 68. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Nov. 26** Mr. Jujiro Sakata, Min. to Madrid, died of heart failure at his post, aged 51. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1919, Dec. 31** Adm. Baron Kataoka, one of the heroes of the Battle of the Japan Sea, aged 67. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 8** Dr. Seiichi Honda, editor of the Osaka Asahi, dies of influenza. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 9** Count Akimasa Yoshikawa, Privy Councillor and ex-Cabinet Minister, aged 80. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 13** Mrs. Shinko Saionji, daughter of Marquis Saionji, aged 31. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, Jan. 20** Mr. Kazuyoshi Yagyu, ex-Pres. of the Taiwan Bank, aged 57. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, May 4** Viscount Magoshichiro Sugi, Privy Councillor, aged 88. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, June 4** Prof. Juntaro Takahashi, M. D. of the Tokyo Imp. Univ. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, June 11** Dr. Yoichiro Saito, head of the Osaka Court of Appeal. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, June 12** Baron Ryohei Toyokawa, prominent businessman in his days and adviser to the Iwasaki family, aged 69. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, July 12** Baron Kawasaki, ex-Pres. of the Kawasaki Bank and ex-Vice Pres. Kawasaki Dockyard, Kobe, aged 52. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, Aug, 2** Mr. S. E. Kirby, the young English aviator and Mr. A. Sanman the passenger lost their lives owing to the collapse of machine during the civilian aviators' meeting in Tokyo. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))

**1920, Aug. 29** Mr. Toyotaro Yamagata, the young but clever birdman falls victim to the same accident at Chiba-ken. — p.  ([scan leaf 65](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n65/mode/1up))


## Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Mineral Springs — [The most disastrous calamities recorded in the pre-Tokugawa period]

**684 A.D.** Over 500,000 cho in southern part of Tosa subsided and were engulfed in the sea. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 89](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n89/mode/1up))

**869 A.D.** Earthquakes with tidal waves visited Mutsu and thousands of people killed — p. 22 ([scan leaf 89](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n89/mode/1up))

**1361 A.D.** Earthquakes in districts round about Kyoto. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 89](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n89/mode/1up))

**1498 A.D.** Tokaido was visited by a severe earthquake, causing death of over 20,000 persons. Hamana lagoon (Maizaka station, Tokaido Railway, formerly inland lake) was formed. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 89](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n89/mode/1up))

**1596 A.D.** Bungo, Kyushu, was visited and 700 persons killed. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 89](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n89/mode/1up))

**1596 A.D.** Districts round about Kyoto shaken and 2,000 persons killed. — p. 22 ([scan leaf 89](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n89/mode/1up))


## Diplomacy — Survey of Japan's Diplomacy since 1853

**1853** Opening of the Country.—In 1853 four American men-of-war arrived at the Bay of Yedo, demanding the conclusion of a treaty of intercourse. — p. 442 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1856** In 1856 the first American Consul (Townsend Harris) arrived in Japan and a commercial treaty was signed between him and the Shogunate Government Representative (Ii-Kamon-no-Kami), followed by conclusion of treaties with Holland, England, France and Russia. — p. 442 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1861** Russia seizing Tsushima.—In 1861 Russia suddenly seized the Island of Tsushima but was obliged to withdraw through the intervention of the British Minister, Sir Rutherford Alcock, and Admiral J. Hope, Commander of the British-China squadron. — p. 442 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**August, 1862** Kagoshima and Shimonoseki Bombarded: Assault on British Legation.—In August, 1862, Mr. Richardson, a British merchant was killed by some retainers of the Lord of Satsuma and not long after the British Legation at Tokyo was assaulted by a band of zealots, including the young Ito (afterward Prince Ito) and Inouye (Marquis Inouye). In 1863 the Choshu clan fired on some foreign vessels that were about to cross Shimonoseki Straits. In the same year the allied squadron of England, America, France and Holland bombarded and captured Shimonoseki and next the British warships bombarded Kagoshima. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1865** Imperial Sanction of the Treaties.—In 1865 Sir Harry Parkes came to Yedo as British envoy and an Imperial decree sanctioning the treaties was issued in October 1865. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1872** Peruvian Slave Ship.—In 1872 a Peruvian ship, named the Maria Luz, with 200 Chinese slaves on board, entered the harbor of Yokohama; she was seized and the Chinamen were released; the dispute was decided in favor of Japan by the Emperor Alexander II. of Russia. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1875** Saghalien exchanged with the Kuriles.—In 1875 Japan exchanged the whole island of Saghalien with Kurile Islands which Russia asserted had belonged to her. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1875** The Ogasawara Affair.—In 1875 Ogasawara-jima or Bonin was recognized by America as Japan's possession. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1874** Formosan Expedition.—In 1874 Japan sent an expedition to Formosa to punish the natives who murdered our wrecked crew. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1871** Treaty Revision Negotiation.—In 1871 Prince Iwakura went to America and Europe on the treaty revision mission, to recover judicial and tariff autonomy, but the mission was premature. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1882** In 1882 Count Inouye started fresh negotiations which were broken off owing to popular opposition. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1888** In 1888 Count Okuma resumed the negotiations, but had to drop it from the same cause; the late Viscount Aoki who succeeded Count Okuma as Minister for Foreign Affairs, and the late Viscount Enomoto who held the portfolio for a short while, fared no better. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1892** In 1892 the late Count Mutsu opened negotiations with Great Britain and the treaty was signed at London on July 19th, 1894. By the end of 1897 similar negotiations with the United States, Italy, Rassia, Germany France and Austria-Hungary had been accomplished. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1885** The Treaty of Tientsin.—This was signed in 1885 by Count (the late Prince) Ito and the late Li-Hungchang for defining the relative position of the two countries towards Korea for which they had long entertained rival claims, the treaty recognizing equal rights of the two towards Korea, and independence of the country. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**May 1894** Japan-China War.—The outbreak of an insurrection in Korea in May 1894, the refusal of China to jointly reform Korea with Japan, the sinking of Chinese transport flying the British flag by a Japanese cruiser, the defeat of the Chinese troops by the Japanese at Asan, Korea, on July 29th, all this culminated in the formal declaration of war on each other on August 1st at Tokyo and Peking. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Apr. 14, 1895** The Treaty of Shimonoseki concluded Apr. 14, 1895, bound China (1) to agree to complete independence of Korea; (2) to cede the Liaotung peninsula and littoral (rescinded by the three powers' interference); and (3) Formosa and the Pescadores; (4) to pay indemnity of 200 million taels; to open up Shashih, Chung-king, Suchow and Hangchow to commerce, and of the Yangtze to navigation. The second clause Japan had to renounce owing to the pressure exerted by Russia, Germany and France, and had to console herself with the 30,000,000 taels paid by China for it. — p. 443 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**30th Jan. 1902** The Anglo-Japanese Alliance.—On 30th Jan. 1902 Agreement for Alliance (which see) was concluded between Japan and Great Britain, and this developed into the Treaty for Alliance (which see) signed at London on 12th Aug. 1905 and made public on Sept. 27th. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1896** Russo-Japanese War.—China now retired from the field but Japan had to confront a more formidable rivalry of Russia which actively began to pursue aggressive policy not only in Korea but in Manchuria as well. At one time Japan's position in Korea was sufficiently despairing in consequence of the assassination of the Korean Queen, and it was not without difficulty that Japan succeeded in arriving at temporizing arrangement by means of Yamagata-Lobanow Convention, 1896, Komura-Weber Memorandum, 1896, and Nishi-Rosen Protocol, 1898. The strained relation between Japan and Russia was aggravated by Russia's occupation of Manchuria after the Boxer trouble, and culminated in the outbreak of war on 10th Feb. 1904. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**5th Sept. 1905** The Treaty of Peace was signed at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, U.S.A. on 5th Sept. 1905 by the Japanese and Russian Plenipotentiaries, President Roosevelt of the time using his best efforts to reconcile the rival representatives. In the Treaty Russia agrees (Art. 2) to leave Japan a free hand in Korea; (Art. 4) to hand over to Japan the lease of Port Arthur and Dalny together with their littoral; (Art. 6) to hand over to Japan the Manchurian Railway from Changchun to Port Arthur and the mining and other rights pertaining to it; (Art. 9) to cede to Japan the southern half of Saghalien from the 50th latitude N. and to permit to Japanese the right of navigation in the Bays of La Perouse and Tartary; and further (Art. 11) the right of fishing in Russian territorial waters. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**May 1905** The House-Tax Dispute.—In May 1905 the Hague Arbitration-Committee passed a decision unfavorable to Japan (which see). — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**17th Nov. 1905** Korea Protectorate.—On 17th Nov. 1905 a convention thereof was concluded. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**22nd Dec. 1905** The Peking Treaty.—On 22nd Dec. 1905 the Treaty was concluded as a necessary consequence of the Portsmouth Treaty. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1906** Schoolboy Question in California.—In 1906 after the disastrous earthquake in San Francisco Japanese boys were denied admission to schools on the excuse of insufficient accommodation. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**10th June 1907** For Safeguarding Peace in the Far East.—The Agreement for this purpose was concluded between Japan and France (which see) on 10th June 1907, and with Russia on 30th July, 1907. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**23rd Dec. 1907** Canadian Immigration.—A Memorandum was exchanged with Canada on 23rd Dec. 1907 (which see). — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**12th Sept. 1908** Arbitration Treaty.—On 12th Sept. 1908 this Treaty was signed between Japan and the United States. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**30th Nov. 1908** Japan-America Understanding.—On 30th Nov. 1908 a Diplomatic Note (which see) for safeguarding the peace in the Far East and other matters was exchanged between the representatives of the two countries. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Aug. 19th 190[illegible]** Antung-Mukden Railway and other Questions.—On Aug. 19th 190[illegible] Japan-China Agreements concerning the Antung-Mukden Railway, Chientao and other outstanding questions with China were concluded. — p. 444 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**21st Jan. 1910** Neutralization of the Manchuria Rly.—On 21st Jan. 1910 Japan sent a reply to America declining Knox's proposal to neutralize the South Manchuria Railway. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**July 4th 1910** Russo-Japanese Agreement.-On July 4th 1910 the Russo-Japanese Agreement for maintaining the status quo in Manchuria was concluded. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**July 17th 1910** Treaty Revision.—On July 17th 1910 Japan sent notices to Great Britain and ten other European Powers denouncing the existing Treaties a year hence. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**1910, Aug. 4th** On Aug. 4th similar notices were sent to France and Austria-Hungary. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Aug. 22nd 1910** Korean Annexation.—On Aug. 22nd 1910 the Treaty of Annexation was signed by the Representatives of Japan and Korea and was made public on Aug. 29th. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Sept. 8th 1910** New International Copyright Convention.—A new treaty signed at Berlin was made public on Sept. 8th 1910. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**May 18th 1911** Franco-Japanese Agreement for Mutual Protection of Patent, Copyrights, etc. in China.—Promulgated on May 18th 1911. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**June 30th 1911** Russo-Japanese Agreement for Mutual Recognition of Companies.—Concluded on June 30th 1911. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**July 13th 1911** Anglo-Japanese Treaty for Alliance.—New Treaty occasioned by the Anglo-Amerian arbitration agreement concluded on July 13th 1911. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**[1911,] April 5th** Conclusion of New Treaties Promulgated.—America April 5th, Great Britain April 6th, Spain May 15th. Sweden July 13th, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Canada (all provisional) July 15th, Germany July 16th, Austria-Hungary (provisional) Aug. 3rd, France (provisional) Aug. 26th. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Aug. 29th 1911** Russo-Japanese Outstanding Claims Settled.—The Foreign Office announced on Aug. 29th 1911 that ¥450,000 was paid to Russia for damages suffered by Russian subjects in the Russo-Japanese War, that ¥180,000 was paid as purchasing price of some forty Russian buildings in Port Arthur; that of the three hospital ships seized by Japan, the Angara was returned; and that Russia agreed to pay [illegible]60,000 roubles for the Japanese steamers seized. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Sept. 13th 1911** Portuguese Republic.--Recognized on Sept. 13th 1911. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Sept. 13th 1911** Russo-Japanese Extradition Treaty.—Concluded on Sept. 13th 1911. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**May 3rd 1913** Anti-Japanese Legislation in California.—The Webb Bill aiming at the prohibition of real property by Japanese passed the Californian legislature on May 3rd 1913 signed by the Governor on May 19th and became operative on Aug. 19th, Ambassador Chinda entered protest three times from May to August. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**7th Oct. 1913** Nanking Affair, etc.—On 7th Oct. 1913 were settled the Nanking, Yenchow and Hankow Affairs that happened on the occasion of the revolutionary war in Southern China and in which some Japanese merchants and officers were either murdered or rudely treated by Chinese troops. China paid ¥640,000 as damages for the Nanking affair and Chang Hsun, the Viceroy, formally tendered apology. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Oct. 1913** Railway Concessions in Manchuria.—In Oct. 1913 agreement about railway concessions in Manchuria was concluded between Japan and China. — p. 445 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Oct. 6th, 1913** Chinese Republic Recognized.—On the election of Yuan Shi-kai as President on Oct. 6th, 1913 Japan at once sent notice of recognition. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**April 21st 1913** Abolition of Foreign Settlement in Korea.—The Protocol for the abolition dated April 21st 1913 was gazetted on April 1st, 1914. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Aug. 4th, 1914** Japan in European War.—Aug. 4th, 1914 the Foreign Office issued a Statement; Aug. 15th Japan sent an ultimatum to Germany; Aug. 23rd Japan declared war on Germany; Aug. 27th the Japanese expeditionary force invested Tsingtao; the same day treaty relation with Austria-Hungary ceased; Nov. 7th in conjunction with the British contingent Tsingtao was captured; Japan's joining Oct. 19th no-peace league made public 29th. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Jan. 18th, 1915** The Sino-Japanese Negotiation.—On Jan. 18th, 1915 Japanese Minister at Peking delivered to the Chinese Government a list of 21 demands; May 7th Japan delivered an ultimatum demanding reply by 6 p.m. 9th; at 1.30 a.m. on 9th China delivered a Note agreeing to Japan's demands. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**June 8, 1916** The New Russo-Japanese Convention.—June 8, 1916. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Nov. 8, 1918** The American-Japanese Note about China.—Nov. 8, 1918. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**March 14, 1919** Sino-Japanese Military and Naval Agreements.—These two agreements were concluded for common defence against the Bolshevist activities in Siberia and were made public March 14, 1919. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Sept. 9, '18** Czechoslovak Republic Recognized.—On Sept. 9, '18 the Japanese Government formally recognized the freedom and independence of Czechoslavaks. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Nov. 27th '18** Peace Delegation to Paris.—On Nov. 27th '18, Marquis Saionji, Baron Makino, Viscount Chinda, Ambassador to Great Britain, and Mr. Matsui, Ambassador to France were announced to be Peace Delegates. Their formal appointment took place on Jan. 3rd '19, adding Mr. Ijuin, Ambassador to Italy. Baron Makino and suite left for Paris in Dec. '18. On Jan. 1920, the Peace Treaty was duly signed followed by the Emperor's announcement of the Restoration of Peace on the 13th. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))

**Aug. 1918** Japan in Siberia.—The agreement between the Bolsheviks and Germany to release the prisoners of war in Siberia, the growing activity of the Bolshevik propaganda, and the eastward march of the Czechoslovak deserters from Russia to return home, resulted in the despatch of expedition Aug. 1918 by both Japanese and U.S.A. governments after full understanding with England, France, Italy and other allies interested. General Otani, Commander of the Japanese contingent, assumed command of the entire allied forces. They gave hearty support to the anti-Bolshevik movement led by Adm. Koltchak, but with the fall of his Omsk Government on Nov. 15 the Allies' original plan in Siberia was completely frustrated. In fact, even before the safe retreat of the much harassed Checho-Slovaks was assured one contingent after another began to withdraw, the American troops by the middle of Feb. leaving the Japanese troops to try to arrest by giving support to the Ataman Semionof's anti-Red Cossak and other Russian troops the spread of the Bolshevik influence eastward. This has involved Japan in serious troubles, financially and as regards the relation with the Russian people in eastern Siberia who were gradually affected by the Red influence after the downfall of the unfortunate Koltchak The Siberians, emboldened by the victorious march as far as Irktsk of the Reds, began to harass the Japanese troops both by actual hostile operations and peaceful means. The upshot was the Japanese Gen. Oi compelled the Russian troops at Vladivostock to disarm on April 5. Meanwhile the Reds obtained control of Nikolaievsk where 370 military and naval forces had been stationed to guard the Japanese residents about 350. The brutal Partizans first massacred the moderate Russians and next provoked the little garrison to fight out of sheer self-defence, till the entire Japanese were exterminated. On June 3 the Japanese expedition landed at Nikolaievsk and occupied it and on July 3 our Government announced its decision to occupy the district and the Russian Saghalien till the establishment of a stable government in Russia. At the same time early evacuation of our troops from the Zabaikal region was proclaimed. — p. 446 ([scan leaf 513](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n513/mode/1up))


## Politics — Chronological Survey of Political Events Since 1890

**1890** On July 1st the first general election was carried out, and on the eve of the election the Rikken Jiyuto (Constitutional Liberals) was organized by politicians who belonged to the disbanded Jiyuto, Daido Danketsu, and two others. — p. 666 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**1st Session (Nov. '90—Mar. '91)** in which the Opposition composed by the Kaishinto and the Jiyuto commanded a relative majority in the Lower House, reduced the Budget by yen 8½ millions. In May the Cabinet resigned and Matsukata was installed as Premier. — p. 666 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**2nd Session (21 Nov.—25 Dec, '91)** saw the Liberls and Progessives united as Opposition, and rejected all the Government Bills; the House was dissolved. Under the lead of Viscount Shinagawa, the Ministry, freely interfered with the election, this giving rise to serious disturbances and even bloodshed in many places. — p. 666 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**3rd Session (May—June '92)** in which the Opposition commanded a majority, passed the resolution censuring the Governmen for its abuse of power. The Ministry went out of office on Aug. 8th and was succeeded by the 2nd Ito Cabinet. — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**4th Session (Nov. '92—Mar. '93)** In the 4th Session (Nov. '92—Mar. '93) the contest between the Ministry which wanted a naval expansion fund and the House which still persisted to demand administrative reform was reconciled by an Imperial Rescript issued on Feb. 1[illegible]th, announcing to contribute for six years, 10% out of the civil list toward the naval fund and further ordering a similar contribution from all Government officials, and officers besides enjoining the Cabinet and the Diet to work in harmony. Previous to the opening of the 4th Session Saigo (junior) and Shinagawa organized the Kokumin Kyokai (National Association) as Government organ. — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**5th Session (Nov.—Dec. '93)** adopted the strong foreign plank as weapon to attack the ministry and after two prorogations the House was dissolved. — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**6th Session (May—June '94)** fared a similar fare and was dissolved after sitting for only 18 days, for the Opposition clamored for a strong foreign policy. The Liberals had become rather friendly towards the Ministry. — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**7th Session (18th—21st Oct. '94)** was held at Hiroshima and the House unanimously passed the War Budget. The conclusion of a revised Anglo-Japanese Treaty was made public on Aug. 27th. — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**8th Session (Dec. '94)** also passed quiet. — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**9th Session (Dec.—Mar. 96)** In the 9th Session (Dec.—Mar. 96) which passed in peace the Ministry effected an entente with the Liberals, while the Kaishin-to, Kakushin-to and others in the Opposition combined and formed the Simpo-to (Progressionist Party). The Ministry gave the chair of Home Office to Itagaki, but it had to resign in September in view of the public clamor concerning the Liaotung retrocession, and also financial difficulty. Ito was succeeded by Matsukata who had resigned the post of Treasury in the Ito Ministry. Matsukata joined hands with Okuma who was given the portfolio of Foreign Office, and Ministry had at its back the Shimpo-to, — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**10th Session (Dec.—Mar. '97)** was passed in peace; amended the Press Law, making it very liberal, and effected the gold standard system. The Matsukata-Okuma entente was severed in Nov. '97 owing to the refusal of Matsukata to allow Shimpo-to members other than Okuma to enter the Ministry. The Liberals and Kokumin Kyokai and Shimpo-to combined passed a vote of nonconfidence in the Cabinet at the very opening of the 11th Session. It was a one day session (24–2[illegible] Dec. '97) for on the following day the Ministry also resigned and was succeeded by the 3rd Ito Ministry. — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**12th Session (May—June '98)** was dissolved for having opposed, on the combined strength of the Liberals and Progressionists, the increased taxation measure. Exasperated by the repeated dissolutions the Liberals and the Progressionists disbanded and were fused as the Kensei-to (Constitutional Party). Upon this the Ito Ministry decided to resign, and Ito recommended the Kensei-to chiefs, Okuma and Itagaki, as his successors. All the chairs except those of the Army and Navy, were occupied by partymen, and the general election that took place soon after resulted in an overwhelming majority of the Government party. The two component sections soon became jealous of each other as to balance of power. Led by Hoshi, a born fighter, the Kensei-to formally dissolved themselves, and at the same time Liberals organized a party appropriating the title of Kensei-to. Their friends in the Government at the same time resigned the posts. The Progressionists members had also to resign and the Cabinet collapsed. The Progressionists then formed themselves into a separate party with the ambiguous title of Kensei-honto (Kensei-to Proper). — p. 667 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**13th (Dec.—Mar. '99) and 14th (Nov.—Feb. '00) Session** The 2nd Yamagata Ministry that was next formed obtained the support of the Kensei-to which was rewarded in a disguised form of bribery as sale of Government forests and lands, but the door to Government posts to those partisans was closed by a new civil service regulation. The Ministry could pass the increased land tax measure, and steered the 13th (Dec.—Mar. '99) and 14th (Nov.—Feb. '00) Session in peace. — p. 668 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**Sept. 15th 1900** When Ito organised on Sept. 15th 1900 the Rikken Seiyukai (Constitutional Association), the Kensei-to joined, as also many personal followers of the veteran statesman. On the formation of the Seiyu-kai the Yamagata Ministry resigned, and the 4th Ito Ministry had to be formed in which three chairs were given to members formerly identified with the Liberals. — p. 668 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**15th Session (Dec. 1900—Mar. '01)** The Ministry had no strong opposition in the Lower House to fear, but the growing jealousy between the old Liberals and the chief's personal followers sorely tried their patience. The Upper House also proved refractory, and only by aid of an Imperial order they passed the increased tax bill sent up from the Lower House. The dispute between the Finance Minister Watanabe and his colleagues over the Budget ended in collapse of the Cabinet. This resignation placed the elder statesmen in an embarrassing situation, for none of them would form a Ministry to succeed it. At last the choice fell on General Katsura who was regarded as one of the lieutenants of Marshal Yamagata. — p. 668 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**16th Session (Dec.—Mar. '02)** The first Katsura Cabinet could pass the 16th Session (Dec.—Mar. '02) safely, and was moreover fortunate enough to conclude an Anglo-Japanese alliance. — p. 668 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**17th Session (Dec. '02)** The 17th Session (Dec. '02) ended in dissolution owing to the rejection of the expanded armament and increased tax bills. That was the first Diet convoked after an ordinary general election, all others having been extraordinary elections. — p. 668 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**18th (May—June '03) extraordinary Session** In the 18th (May—June '03) extraordinary Session of the Diet the cause of conflict was compromised by appropiating for the expanded armament project the fund set apart for railway constructions, and by issuing loans for the latter purpose. Ito was appointed President of the Privy Council in July '03 in place of Marquis Saionji and the latter installed as leader of the Seiyu-kai. — p. 668 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**19th Session (10 Dec.—11 Dec. '04)** ended after the existence of a single day, as it was dissolved for having adopted a highly jingoist reply to the Throne. — p. 668 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**20th and 21st Sessions** The 20th and 21st Sessions convoked during the War gave to the Government measures undivided support. — p. 668 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**22nd Session (Dec.—Mar. '06)** saw the resignation of the Katsura Ministry and the formation of the 1st Saionji Cabinet in Jan. '06. The Progressionists now parted hands with the Constitutionalists and became their opponents — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**23rd Session (Dec. '06—Mar. '07)** caused the resignation in July '08 of the Saionji Cabinet over postbellum measure. In the general election carried out in the preceding month the Seiyukai secured, for the first time in the history of party politics in Japan, an absolute majority in the House. 2nd Katsura Cabinet was formed in the same month, — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**24th Session (Dec.—Mar. '08)** ended in peace and passed all the important financial program elaborated by Marquis Katsura who combined the office of the Minister of Finance. — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**25th Session (Dec.-Mar, '09)** In the 25th Session (Dec.-Mar, '09) the Seiyu-kai, which commanded an absolute majority of 200 seats, had to act as semi-Ministerial party, but with attitude of forced friendship. The Progressionists and their friends, vexed with the overruling behavior of the Constitutionalists, were brought into closer relation to better cope with their common adversaries. The Diet effected retrenchment of over ¥3¼ millions in the Budget. — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**26th Session (Dec. '09—Mar. '10)** with the friendly though half-hearted support of the Seiyu-kai the Ministry could steer successfully its financial program. The principal measures adopted were the civil list, salaries of civil and military services, adjustment of the Business Tax, Reassessment of the Taxable Value of Land, Inheritance Tax, Revised Tariff, Ownership of Land by Foreigners, etc. In the course of this session the minor parties were obliged to combine, and on March 1st 1910 the Central Club was formed by the Daido Club and other members who considered themselves direct supporters of the Ministry, though they had only about 50 seats. On the 6th the Progressionists and their friends, representing a little over 90 seats, formed the Rikken Kokumin-to (Constitutional Nationalists Party). — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**27th Session (Dec. 1910—Mar. '11)** The passive support given by the Seiyu-kai enabled the Katsura Ministry to pass the session with no great trouble. The understanding between the Premier and the Seiyu-kai made outwardly a new development in the conclusion of an entente between them in January 1911, the Government promising to postpone the Railway Broad Gauge question and the Seiyu-kai to give post de facto approval to the Korean annexation Ordinances. The Principal Bills passed were the projects of laws relating to Factory, Sericulture, amendment of the Commercial Code, amendment of the Civic Corporation Law, Electric business etc. — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**28th Session (Dec. 11—Mar. '12)** The 2nd Saionji Ministry that succeeded the Katsura Ministry adopted the negative financial policy. — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**29th (Extraordinary) Session (Aug. 12)** Three days session for voting the Funeral expense of Emperor Meiji, whose demise on July 30th '12 plunged the whole nation into profound grief. — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**30th Session (Dec. '12--Mar. '13)** Between Nov. 9th '12 when summons were issued and Mar. 27th '13, the day of the closing ceremony, the 2nd Saionji and the 3rd Katsura Ministry resigned, and the Yamamoto Ministry created. The Amendment of the Law of Organization of Courts (for cashiering superannuated Judges and retrenching expenses), of the Income Tax Law (for raising the taxation limit from ¥300 to 400) were passed. — p. 669 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**31st Session (Dec. '13—March '14)** On March 23rd the Navy Bill was rejected in the Upper House and both Houses were suspended for 3 days, and were reopened on March 2[illegible]th only to perform closing ceremony. The principal Bills passed were:—revision of Law of Tuberculosis of Cattle, Business Tax, Succession Tax, Registration-Fee, Census Registration. Customs Tariff, Measuring Ship's bottom, Land Tax, Organization of Courts of Justice, Law for Barristers. New laws:—Law of Patent Medicine, Law of Personal Registration, Tuberculosis Hospital Law. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**32nd (Extraordinary) Session (May, 1914)** was convoked for four days to vote the Funeral expenses of the late Empress-Dowager. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**33rd (Extraordinary) Session (June '14)** one week session for deliberating the Naval appropriation for '14—15 year. The revision of the Light Railway Law was also passed. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**34th (Extra) Session (Sept., '14)** was summoned to vote Tsingtau expedition expenses ¥53,000,000. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**35th Session (Dec. '14)** was dissolved after 9 day's sitting, the Opposition having rejected the increase of Army Division project. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**36th (Extra) Session (May, ,15)** a 3 week session closing on 10th, June. It was the stormiest session ever witnessed, the Opposition being bent on obstructing and annoying the Ministerialists who lacked experience and coherence. The principal measures passed were the increase of Army Division, Amendment of the Sinking Fund Law, Fleet Replenishing Law, of the Railway and Riparian Work, Special Account Laws, the Savings Bank Law, the Hypothec Bank Law, and Hokkaido Colonial Bank Law; adoption of the Wireless Telegragh Law; Dye and Medical-Stuffs Encouragement Law etc. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**37th Session (Dec. 1st, '15 to Feb. 29th, '16)** A prominent feature was the strong attitude shown by the Peers to the Ministry, especially over the Arms Sale affair, and the Loan question, while in the Lower House the Impeachment motion occasioned most animated discussion. (See 1916 year Ed., pp. 648-651.) — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**38th Session (Dec. '16 Jan. 26th, '17)** A non-confidence on purely constitutional ground passed by the House on Jan. 26th caused dissolution. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**39th Session (June, '17)** a 3 week session, saw stormy scenes over the Resolution, introduced by the Opposition, denouncing the Diplomatic Council as unconstitutional and over the impeachment of the Home Minister, Baron Goto Bills to suspend subsidies to shipbuilders, to encourage iron manufacturing industry, to revise silk-yarn regulations, etc. were passed. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**40th Session (Dec. 17—March '18)** With the support of the Shinsei-kai and Seiyu-kai, the Terauchi Ministry got passed the national defence scheme and the readjustment of the taxation system though this latter was subjected to mutilation. Important Bills passed were amendment of the Income Tax Law, Saké and Beer Brewery Law, and Deep Sea Fishery Regulations. New Laws:—Law of Wartime Profit Tax, Law of Mobilization of Munition Industry, Law of State Aid to Military Motorcars, Law of State Aid to the Local education. Ex post facto approval was given to the Ships Control Regulations. — p. 670 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**41st Session (Dec. '18—March '19)** The Seiyu-kai Cabinet backed by the Kokumin-to carried important measures as Expansion of Educational Organs and Revision of Election Law. Bills passed included, besides the two mentioned above, amendment of Local taxes and Conscription Law, Road Law, City Planning Law, Municipal Building Law, State Aids for Reclaiming Waste Land, etc. — p. 671 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**42nd Session (Dec. '19—Feb. '20)** Formally opened on the 26th, the Opposition parties the Kensei-kai and Kokumin-to combined against the Seiyu-kai and Govt. over the universal suffrage bill they introduced; the House was dissolved before it divided. — p. 671 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))

**43rd Session (July 1-29, '20)** passed amidst the stormiest and most disgraceful scenes enacted between the Ministerialists with their "tyrannical" procedures and the Opposition bent on obstructing them. The Income Tax bill, much mutilated in both Houses, and big estimates on accountof national defence, transport and communication expansion were passed. — p. 671 ([scan leaf 737](https://archive.org/details/japan-year-book-1920/page/n737/mode/1up))